烤烟硝酸盐含量与土壤养分的关系

采用多元统计分析方法研究了湖南烤烟叶片硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量与土壤养分之间的关系,结果表明：（1）典型相关分析证实烟叶硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量与土壤主要含氮养分（土壤全氮、碱解氮、铵态氮）及有机质含量的关系密切,与土壤其他养分含量的相关性较小,反映出在一定范围内,随着土壤含氮养分及有机质含量的增加,烟叶（亚）硝酸盐含量呈现增加的趋势,且土壤含氮养分及有机质含量与烟叶硝酸盐含量关系的密切程度高于与亚硝酸盐含量的相关;（2）根据烟叶硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量及其相应的植烟土壤养分（有机质、全氮、碱解氮、铵态氮）含量的大小,通过聚类分析把同一等级的烟叶样品分为高、中、低3类,不同类别相比较,有机质含量越高的土壤,其土壤全氮、碱解氮、铵态氮含量以及相应的烟叶硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量也越高,说明土壤有机质的高低,直接影响了土壤氮素的供应状况,进而影响了烟叶硝态氮含量的积累;（3）根据聚类分析结果建立了不同等级烟叶硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量高低的判别函数,可作为烟叶硝态氮含量在不同土壤肥力条件下判别归类的参考依据。     

气候和土壤及其互作对湖南烤烟还原糖、烟碱和总氮含量的影响

在湖南3大烟区的永州市、浏阳市、桑植县进行盆栽试验,探讨气候、土壤及其互作对湖南烟叶还原糖、烟碱和总氮含量的影响。结果表明:①烟叶还原糖、烟碱和总氮3种化学成分的变异强度中等,且其变异强弱按该顺序递减。②气候、土壤及其互作对烟叶还原糖、烟碱和总氮3种化学成分的影响程度不同,气候对它们均具有强影响效应,土壤对它们无明显影响;气候与土壤的互作对它们的影响效应年际间有差异。气候对还原糖、烟碱和总氮3种化学成分含量变异总的贡献率为51.42%,土壤为19.78%,气候与土壤互作为28.79%。气候是影响这3种烟叶化学成分的主要生态因素。③烟株大田发育不同时期的不同气候因子与烟叶化学成分的相关性不同,其中伸根期的日照时数、昼夜温差与蒸发量,旺长期的相对湿度、平均气温与云量,成熟期的平均气温、昼夜温差与日照时数分别是各时期与烟叶化学成分相关性较大的前3个气候因子。整个大田期以平均气温、相对湿度和昼夜温差3个气候因子与烟叶化学成分的相关性较大。     

不同酶制剂对烤烟上部叶化学成分、游离态和糖苷结合态中性香气成分的影响

为研究酶制剂对烤烟上部叶品质提升的影响,以中烟100为材料,采用烘烤前叶面喷施酶制剂的方法,分析了不同酶制剂对烤烟上部叶化学成分、游离态和糖苷结合态中性香气成分的影响。结果表明：不同酶制剂能不同程度的降低烤烟的蛋白质含量,改善烟叶化学成分,提高游离态和糖苷结合态中性香气成分的含量;喷施酶制剂对烟叶蛋白质、总糖、还原糖、总氮均有显著的影响,而对烤烟钾、氯的影响则未达到显著水平;混和喷施酶制剂相对于单独喷施酶制剂对烟叶品质的影响更显著。     

成熟期光强对烤烟理化特性和致香成分含量的影响

2004、2005年在四川凉山烟科所通过盆栽试验,在烤烟成熟期营造不同的光照强度,研究了成熟期光强不同对烤烟品质的影响。结果表明:成熟期随着光照强度的降低,叶片厚度降低,栅栏组织/海绵组织的比值降低,烤后烟叶单叶重、厚度、叶质重降低,叶片含梗率增加,总糖和还原糖含量降低,总氮和烟碱含量升高,钾和氯含量增加,叶黄素、β-胡萝卜素和类胡萝卜素总量增加,中性致香成分含量呈增加趋势,增加到一定程度开始降低。     

濒危植物东方水韭（Isoёtes orientalis）自然生境土壤营养状况及水体pH值分析

对东方水韭(Iso(e)tes orientalis H. Liu et Q. F. Wang) 2个自然样地(浙江松阳叔婆湾和小烂湖)生境土壤主要营养成分含量进行了比较分析,并对叔婆湾样地水体pH值进行了测定,在此基础上,对导致东方水韭濒危的土壤及水体因素进行了讨论.结果显示:东方水韭叔婆湾样地的土壤有机质、总氮、速效磷、速效钾和总铁离子(包括Fe3+和Fe2+)含量分别为102.7 g·kg-1、3.1 g·kg-1、18.1 μg·g-1、15.0 μg·g-1和221.6 μg·g-1;小烂湖样地土壤中上述营养成分的含量分别为122.8 g·kg-1、4.8 g·kg-1、13.7 μg·g-1、7.1 μg·g-1和240.0 μg·g-1.小烂湖样地土壤中有机质、总氮和速效钾含量显著或极显著高于叔婆湾样地,2个样地间速效磷和总铁离子含量差异不显著, 但2个样地土壤中速效钾含量极低、总铁离子含量丰富. 叔婆湾样地中上、中、下游水体的pH值分别为pH 6.35、pH 6.53和pH 6.49,略呈中性.分析结果表明,东方水韭2个自然样地的土壤均为有机质、总氮、速效磷以及总铁离子含量较为丰富且速效钾含量较低的土壤类型,土壤中速效钾极度缺乏和水体中性化很可能是限制东方水韭种群发展的重要环境因素.     

湘西北海拔高度对烤烟常规化学成份含量的影响

通过野外栽培试验、全自动化学流动分析测定法和火焰光度测定法,研究了湘西北慈利县与石门县海拔高度对烤烟常规化学成份含量的影响,主要结果是：1)烤烟总烟碱含量和总氮含量均与海拔高度呈极显著的负相关,而钾含量与海拔高度呈正相关．2)烤烟总糖含量与海拔高度间无明显的相关性,海拔高度对烤烟氯含量无影响．3)高海拔区域种植烤烟有利于降低烟叶的烟碱含量、提高烟叶的钾含量,从而提高烟叶的可用性与安全性、     

不同生育期降低光强对烟草生长发育和品质的影响

2004-2005年在烤烟生长发育的不同时期进行遮荫降低光照强度的盆栽试验,研究了不同生育期降低光强对烤烟生长发育和品质的影响.结果表明:遮荫条件下烟株干物质积累下降,叶片组织变薄,色素含量升高,落黄成熟时间延长;转化酶活性降低,但遮荫解除后又开始升高;叶片烤后烟叶含梗率增加,叶片厚度和比叶质量降低,烟碱、总氮、钾和氯含量增加,总糖和还原糖含量降低,中性致香成分含量增加.不同时期遮荫的影响为成熟期＞旺长期＞伸根期＞对照.     

施用沼肥对烤烟生长发育和生理特性以及烟叶化学成分的影响

通过田间试验和实验室检测研究了沼肥发酵原料配方,并就发酵后的沼肥对烤烟生长发育、生理特性和化学成分的影响进行了探索。结果表明,比较5种沼肥发酵的原料配方以A3处理最适宜沼肥种烟;在烤烟生长过程中施用沼肥,能促进烤烟早生快发,茎干显著变粗,叶面积显著变大,干物质积累也显著增加,同时,沼肥能使烟叶中硝酸还原酶和蔗糖转化酶活性提高,促进烟株的碳氮代谢,从而增加烤烟生产的产量和产值。沼肥对烤后烟叶的化学成分影响也较大,总糖、还原糖和钾等成分含量增加,烟碱含量降低。比较4种沼肥处理对烤烟的影响,B2处理效果最明显。     

烟草对烟粉虱的抗性与烟草化学成分的相关性

为探明烟草对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)的抗性机制,分别测定了不同烟草品种的叶绿素相对含量、鲜烟叶及烤后烟叶的化学成分含量,并分析了烟草抗虫性与烟草化学成分的关系.结果表明,中部叶片叶绿素含量与烟粉虱数量呈负相关,相关系数达到了显著水平;鲜烟叶化学成分钾氯比、糖碱比、氮碱比、还原糖、烟碱、蛋...     

烤烟主流烟气内源有害成分与烟叶化学成分相关性

研究了不同生态产区烟叶主要化学成分与主流烟气内源有害成分的关联性.结果表明:初烤烟叶内源有害成分和危害性指数(H值)与烟叶部位具有较好的关联性.4-甲基亚硝基-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮(NNK)、苯并[a]芘、氢氰酸(HCN)、氨和苯酚的释放量表现为上部叶＞中部叶,巴豆醛释放量表现为中部叶＞上部叶,H值表现为上部叶＞中部叶.不同内源有害成分与烟叶含碳、含氮化学成分的相关性复杂,同一类型烟叶化学成分对不同内源有害成分呈现出不同的相关关系.卷烟危害性指数与烟叶中烟碱、蛋白质、总氮、主要多酚和有机酸含量呈显著正相关,而与钾离子、总糖、还原糖、淀粉等含碳类物质含量呈显著负相关.适当降低烟叶含氮化合物含量、增加烟叶钾含量可能会降低烟叶的危害性指数.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.