凤眼莲总黄酮最佳提取条件的探讨

目的：研究从凤眼莲（Eichhornia crassipes）中提取总黄酮的最佳提取条件。方法：以乙醇为溶剂,采用浸提法和超声波法提取凤眼莲总黄酮,通过单因素实验比较两种提取方法;并对黄酮提取物的抗氧化性进行了研究。结果：浸提法提取凤眼莲中总黄酮的最佳工艺条件：乙醇50%、提取温度70℃、提取时间3h、料液比1：40,总黄酮提取率4.30%;超声波法提取凤眼莲总黄酮的最佳工艺条件：乙醇50%、提取时间30min、料液比1：40、超声功率320W,提取率5.09%;凤眼莲总黄酮清除.OH的能力比甘露醇强,而清除.O2-的能力低于Vc。结论：超声波法是提取黄酮类物质较为理想的途径,凤眼莲总黄酮具有一定抗氧化活性。     

红果参叶中总黄酮的提取工艺初步探讨

目的:研究红果参叶中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件。方法:利用单因素和正交试验,考察提取时间、乙醇溶液体积分数、液固比3个因素对总黄酮得率的影响。结果:红果参叶中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件为:85%(体积分数)的乙醇作为提取溶剂、提取时间10 min、料液比1∶30(g/mL)。在此条件下,总黄酮提取率可达4.76%。结论:乙醇超声法可用于红果参叶中总黄酮的提取,其中料液比对提取率的影响最大。     

莲子心总黄酮的超声波萃取工艺研究

研究了超声波萃取法从莲子心中提取总黄酮的最佳工艺。通过单因素控制法和正交试验,以乙醇为溶剂,总黄酮提取率为考察指标,在超声波辅助下研究了乙醇浓度、提取时间、料液比和提取温度对总黄酮提取率的影响。结果表明影响莲子心中总黄酮提取率的主要因素是乙醇的浓度,其次依次为提取温度、料液比、超声波萃取时间;提取的最佳条件是:乙醇的浓度为60%,提取温度是70℃,料液比为1:24,超声波萃取时间为30 min,此条件下得到的总黄酮的提取率是10.86 mg/g。     

响应曲面优化喜树生物碱醇提工艺研究

对喜树果中喜树碱的最佳醇提工艺条件进行了研究。采用乙醇浸提法,考查了乙醇浓度、液料比、提取温度及提取时间对喜树碱提取率的影响,经过一系列的单因素实验,结合响应曲面实验设计法及响应曲面分析(RSM),得到喜树碱的最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度88.53%,液料比21.4∶1(m L/g),时间2.23 h,提取温度40℃,经验证,在此提取工艺条件下,喜树碱提取率可达0.847 mg/g。     

Two Extraction Methods of Lentinan Polysaccharide

采用正交试验比较研究热水浸提法和微波提取法提取香菇多糖.热水浸提法的最佳工艺为:提取温度70℃、提取时间4h、料液比1∶15,提取率3.243 ％;微波提取法的最佳工艺为:微波功率560W、微波处理时间60 s、料液比1∶10,提取率4.771％.微波提取法效率高、时间短,是理想的香菇多糖提取方法.     

竹柏叶总黄酮不同提取方法比较

本研究采用正交试验设计分别优选回流提取和超声波提取竹柏叶总黄酮的最佳工艺条件。在单因素试验的基础上,以总黄酮得率为参考指标,选取液料比、乙醇体积分数、温度和时间4个影响因子,进行正交试验,分别确立回流提取和超声波提取最佳提取工艺条件。结果表明,回流提取优化工艺条件为:液料比30∶1(m L∶g),乙醇体积分数为70%,回流时间1.0 h,回流温度80℃;超声波提取优化工艺为:液料比25∶1(m L∶g),乙醇体积分数为70%,超声时间30 min,超声水浴温度60℃。两种提取方法的最终提取效果比较,回流提取的总黄酮得率为15.522%,超声波提取总黄酮得率为13.637%,回流提取法总黄酮得率高于超声波提取法。本实验结果为后续竹柏叶总黄酮的开发利用提供了参考。     

响应面法优化微波辅助提取枇杷叶中黄酮类化合物

为充分利用枇杷叶,研究微波辅助乙醇浸提法从枇杷叶中提取黄酮类化合物的工艺。首先研究了影响提取效果的因素:不同体积分数的乙醇溶液、料液比、时间及微波功率。在单因素试验基础上利用响应面分析法,确定了各因素与总黄酮得率之间的关系,并以总黄酮得率为响应值做响应面和等高线图。研究表明,枇杷叶中黄酮类化合物提取最佳工艺为乙醇体积分数50%,料液比1∶30,提取时间3 min,微波功率500 W,最佳条件下总黄酮得率为2.04%,与理论推导值2.07%相比,误差为1.4%,黄酮类化合物响应方程的回归分析表明此方法合理可行。本研究对枇杷叶总黄酮提取优化的研究为进一步探讨枇杷叶的深度开发提供了理论参考依据,并为枇杷叶总黄酮的生物活性研究提供材料。     

核桃楸叶片中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺研究

利用超声波法对核桃楸叶片中总黄酮的提取工艺进行了研究,在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验法,确立最佳提取条件,考察乙醇浓度、提取温度、液料比和提取时间对核桃楸叶片总黄酮提取率的影响。结果表明：超声波法辅助提取核桃楸叶片总黄酮的最适工艺参数是浸提剂乙醇浓度为70%,提取温度为50℃,液料比为20：1,提取时间为20 min,且总黄酮提取率可达4.458%。     

少花龙葵茎总黄酮提取工艺及其抗氧化性研究

采用乙醇浸提法对Solanum photeinocar pum茎总黄酮的提取工艺及其抗氧化性能进行了研究,探讨了溶剂浓度、温度、提取时间、料液比等因素对总黄酮含量提取的影响,并采用正交实验对提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,最佳提取工艺参数乙醇浓度为40%,提取温度为80℃,时间为1h,料液比1:16(g:mL)。在此条件下测得总黄酮含量为4.39mg/g,提取物对羟自由基具有较好的清除效果。     

荷叶黄酮的溶剂热提取及其抗氧化作用研究

研究利用溶剂热法提取荷叶中黄酮类化合物的最佳工艺条件,考察了提取温度、时间、料液比、乙醇的体积分数及提取级数5个单因素对荷叶黄酮提取率的影响,并在单因素的基础上进行正交实验得到荷叶黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件:料液比1:40、乙醇体积分数为60%、提取2.5 h、提取温度80℃,提取2次。并研究了荷叶提取物在新榨豆油中的抗氧化作用,效果良好。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.