十种海洋寡毛类纤毛虫:形态学及分类学修订

利用活体观察和蛋白银染色技术对近年来采自青岛、大亚湾、湛江沿岸水体的10个海洋寡毛类纤毛虫种:侧扁急游虫Strombidium apolatum Wilbert & Song,2005、具头急游虫Strombidium capitatum (Leegaard,1995) Kahl,1932、广东急游虫Strombidium guangdongense Liu,et al.,2016、拟卡氏急游虫Strombidiumparacalkinsi (Lei,et al.,1999) Agatha,2004、拟楔尾急游虫Strombidium parastylifer Song,et al.,2009、铃木急游虫Strombidium suzukii Song,et al.,2009、束腰旋游虫Spirostrombidium cinctum (Kahl,1932) Petz,et al.,1995、杨科夫平游虫Parallelostrombidium jankowski (Song,et al.,2009) Song,et al.,2018、卡尔平游虫Parallelostrombidium kahli (Song,et al.,2009) Song,et al.,2018、最小拟盗虫Strombidinopsis minima (Gruber,1884) Song & Bradbury,1998的形态学开展了比较研究,补充和厘定了有关形态特征、纤毛图式以及性状变异等分类学新信息。     

广东大亚湾七种腹毛类纤毛虫(原生动物,纤毛门)的形态学研究

利用活体观察和蛋白银染色技术对采自广东大亚湾沿岸水体的7个南海新纪录种:紧缩全列虫Holosticha diademata(Rees,1883)Kahl,1932、缩颈半腹柱虫Hemigastrostyla enigmatica(Dragesco & Dragesco-Kernéis,1986)Song&Wilbert,1997、念珠腹棘虫Gastrocirrhus monilifer(Ozaki & Yagiu,1942)Curds & Wu,1983、四核舍太虫Certesia quadrinudeata Fabre-Domergue,1885、斯特后尾柱虫Metaurostylopsis struederkypkeae Shao et al.,2008、盐尖毛虫Oxytricha saltans(Cohn,1866)Kahl,1932、小心毛虫Caryotricha minuta(Xu et al.,2008)Miao et al.,2009等腹毛类纤毛虫进行了形态学再研究,补充了有关活体形态学、纤毛图式以及性状变异等分类学新信息.结果显示,该7种的南海种群与我国北方海域种群之间存在不同程度的形态学差异.     

论寒武系馒头组三叶虫群星虫属(Asteromajia)

根据山东长清县张夏镇馒头山馒头组采集到的三叶虫新材料,重新厘定和恢复群星虫(Asteromajia Nan and Chang,1982)作为裂头虫科内有效属名的地位,将徐庄虫(Hsuchuangia Lu and Zhu in Qiu et al.,1983),八公山虫(Bagongshania Lin in Qiu et al.,1983)作为群星虫的晚出异名。修订我国以往所描述的毛庄期和徐庄期4个属(Kochaspis Resser,1935,Asteromajia Nan and Chang,1982,Hsuchuangia Lu and Zhu in Qiu et al.,1983,Bagongshania Lin in Qiu et al.,1983)内的15个种的特征和头尾搭配,归并为4属,10种:Temnoura huoshanensis(Zhang and Wang,1985),Zhongtiaoshanaspis angustilimbata(Meng in Zhou et al.,1977),Solenoparia funingensis(An in Duan et al.,2005),Asteromajia hsuchuangensis(Lu in Lu and Dong,1952),A.quadrata(Resser and Endo,1937),A.liuheensis(An,1966),A.huainanensis(Lin in Qiu et al.,1983),A.lüliangshanensis(Zhang and Wang,1985),A.?yangchengensis(Zhang and Wang,1985),A.?longiceps(Lu and Zhu,2001),其中后2个种的归属尚有疑问。     

论寒武系馒头组三叶虫群星虫属(Asteromajia)北大核心CSCD

根据山东长清县张夏镇馒头山馒头组采集到的三叶虫新材料,重新厘定和恢复群星虫(Asteromajia Nan and Chang,1982)作为裂头虫科内有效属名的地位,将徐庄虫(Hsuchuangia Lu and Zhu in Qiu et al.,1983),八公山虫(Bagongshania Lin in Qiu et al.,1983)作为群星虫的晚出异名。修订我国以往所描述的毛庄期和徐庄期4个属(Kochaspis Resser,1935,Asteromajia Nan and Chang,1982,Hsuchuangia Lu and Zhu in Qiu et al.,1983,Bagongshania Lin in Qiu et al.,1983)内的15个种的特征和头尾搭配,归并为4属,10种:Temnoura huoshanensis(Zhang and Wang,1985),Zhongtiaoshanaspis angustilimbata(Meng in Zhou et al.,1977),Solenoparia funingensis(An in Duan et al.,2005),Asteromajia hsuchuangensis(Lu in Lu and Dong,1952),A.quadrata(Resser and Endo,1937),A.liuheensis(An,1966),A.huainanensis(Lin in Qiu et al.,1983),A.lüliangshanensis(Zhang and Wang,1985),A.?yangchengensis(Zhang and Wang,1985),A.?longiceps(Lu and Zhu,2001),其中后2个种的归属尚有疑问。     

台湾海峡的砂壳纤毛虫研究(纤毛动物门:砂壳亚目)

依据壳体形态对台湾海峡南部0－40m水层的40种砂壳纤毛虫进行了观察,发现其中有3种新种,即倪氏表纹虫Epirhabdonella niei,Xu,Hong et Song,sp.nov.,网状条纹虫Rhabdonella reticulata Xu,Hong et Song.sp.nov,和钝条纹虫Rhabdonella obtusa Xu,Hong et Song,sp.nov.及17个中国新纪录种,同时确定新村网纹虫Favella shintsuensis Nie et Cheng,1947为一同物异名。     

The effect of clinical-grade retinal pigment epithelium derived from human embryonic stem cells using different transplantation strategies

Dear Editor, Many forms of sight-threatening diseases, including retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are caused by the dysfunction, degeneration and loss of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)(Strauss, 2005). RPE cell transplantation may potentially recover or halt disease progression, in which human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) could serve as an unlimited donor source for RPE differentiation, and a few clinical trials have shown the safety and effective of transplantation of hESCs-derived RPE (hESC-RPE) for AMD patients (Schwartz et al., 2012;Schwartz etal., 2015;Song etal., 2015;da Cruz et al., 2018;Kashani et al., 2018;Liu et al., 2018).     

Epigenetic Variations in Plant Hybrids and Their Potential Roles in Heterosis

Heterosis,one of the most important biological phenomena,refers to the phenotypic superiority of a hybrid over its genetically diverse parents with respect to many traits such as biomass,growth rate and yield.Despite its successful application in breeding and agronomic production of many crop and animal varieties,the molecular basis of heterosis remains elusive.The classic genetic explanations for heterosis centered on three hypotheses:dominance (Davenport,1908;Bruce,1910;Keeble and Pellew,1910;Jones,1917),overdominance (East,1908;Shull,1908) and epistasis (Powers,1944;Yu et al.,1997).However,these hypotheses are largely conceptual and not connected to molecular principles,and are therefore insufficient to explain the molecular basis of heterosis (Birchler et al.,2003).Recently,many studies have explored the molecular mechanism of heterosis in plants at a genome-wide level.These studies suggest that global differential gene expression between hybrids and parental lines potentially contributes to heterosis in plants (e.g.,Swanson-Wagner et al.,2006;Zhang et al.,2008;Wei et al.,2009;Song et al.,2010).Research suggests that genetic components,including cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors,are critical regulators of differential gene expression in hybrids (Hochholdinger and Hoecker,2007;Springer and Stupar,2007;Zhang et al.,2008).However,other research indicates that epigenetic components,the regulators of chromatin states and genome activity,also have the potential to impact heterosis (e.g.,Ha et al.,2009;He et al.,2010;Groszmann et al.,2011;Barber et al.,2012;Chodavarapu et al.,2012;Greaves et al.,2012a;Shen et al.,2012).     

广东大亚湾六种海洋刺钩类纤毛虫的形态学研究

利用活体观察及银染法首次对采自广东大亚湾沿岸的盐菲阿虫Phialina salinarum Kahl,1928,海洋长吻虫Lacrymaria marina Kahl,1933,惊扰伪颈毛虫Pseudotrachelocerca trepida(Kahl,1928)Song,1990,贪食纤口虫Chaenea vorax Quennerstedt,1867,柱核柱毛虫Cyclotrichium cyclokaryon Meunier,1907和加冈栉毛虫Didinium gargantua Meunier,1910六种刺钩类纤毛虫进行了形态学研究,补充了活体形态学以及纤毛图式等分类学新信息。首次观察到了海洋长吻虫体纤毛基部的皮层颗粒和柱核柱毛虫大亚湾种群较青岛种群具有更多的体动基列等若干新信息。研究表明,刺钩类纤毛虫在大亚湾近岸水域具有较高的物种多样性。       

拉萨地块白垩纪固着蛤研究新进展

通过对拉萨地块白垩纪固着蛤进行修订和总结,共识别出7个固着蛤有效种,分别为:Rutonia bangonghuensis Yang et al.,1982,Auroradiolites biconvexus (Yang et al.,1982),Eoradiolites cf. hedini (Douville,1916),Magallanesia rutogensis Rao et al.,2015,Shajia tibetica Rao et al.,2019,Sellaea sp.和 Monopleura sp.。该固着蛤组合的时代为阿普特期(Aptian)晚期至阿尔布期(Albian),与同层产出的圆笠虫组合指示的时代相符。拉萨地块北部郎山组和南缘桑祖岗组所产出固着蛤组合可相互对比。通过对固着蛤组合的分析,饶馨等(Rao et al.,2015,2017,2019a)首次识别出了白垩纪中期亚洲西南部/太平洋生物古地理分区,其固着蛤类群以区域性属Auroradiolites和Horiopleura haydeni–Praecaprotina–Magallanesia演化谱系为特征型分子。     

南中国海野生海水鱼类外寄生车轮虫新记录

研究对采自南中国海的7种海水鱼类进行了调查研究, 并分离获得4种隶属于车轮虫属的种类,分别为浦氏车轮虫Trichodina puytoraci Lom, 1962; 日本车轮虫Trichodina japonica Imai, et al., 1991; 直钩车轮虫Trichodina rectuncinata Raabe, 1958 与鲀车轮虫Trichodina fugu Imai, et al., 1997。研究发现鲀车轮虫Trichodina fugu Imai, et al., 1997为寄主鱼虫纹东方鲀Takifugu vermicularis的病原, 且能在野生条件下将其致死。上述4种车轮虫的形态分类学数据均基于干银法标本获得。研究是对我国南中国海车轮虫的首次报道。       

Description of Zoothamnium foissneri n. sp. and redescription of Z. duplicatum Kahl, 1933 and Z. mucedo Entz, 1884, three species of marine peritrichous ciliates

Three marine peritrichs, Zoothamnium foissneri n. sp., Z. duplicatum Kahl, 1933 and Z. mucedo Entz, 1884, were isolated from the littoral area of Qingdao, China. The morphology, infraciliature and silverline system were studied on living and silver-impregnated specimens. Z. foissneri is distinguished from congeners by its slender zooid shape, size, appearance of peristomial border, the form of peniculus 3, colony form and habitat. Based on the Qingdao populations, supplementary information is given for two known species showing that Z. duplicatum can be distinguished by the zooid shape and size, the number of silverlines between the aboral trochal band and the scopula, and the form of peniculus 3, while Z. mucedo can be distinguished from other species of similar zooid shape and size by the form of peniculus 3 and the number of silverlines between the oral area and the aboral trochal band.     

Pseudovorticella zhengae n. sp., P. difficilis (Kahl, 1933) Jankowski, 1976, and P. punctata (Dons, 1918) Warren, 1987, three marine peritrichous ciliates from north China

The morphology, infraciliature and silverline system of three marine peritrichous ciliates, Pseudovorticella zhengae n. sp., P. difficilis (Kahl, 1933) Jankowski, 1976 and P. punctata (Dons, 1918) Warren, 1987, were investigated by observation in vivo and silver-staining methods. The new species is characterized by its body shape, the appearance of the peristomial lip, the number of transverse silverlines, and the configuration of infundibular polykinety 3; P. difficilis by its body shape, the configuration of infundibular polykinety 3, and unusual annular swellings on the stalk; and P. punctata by the appearance of the pellicle, the configuration of infundibular polykinety 3, and the number of transverse silverlines.     

Taxonomic characterization of two marine peritrichous ciliates, Pseudovorticella clampi n. sp. and Zoothamnium pararbuscula n. sp. (Ciliophora: Peritrichia), from North China

The morphology, infraciliature, and silverline system of two new peritrichous ciliates, Pseudovorticella clampi n. sp. and Zoothamnium pararbuscula n. sp., have been investigated based on both living and silver-impregnated specimens. Partial sequence of 18S-ITS1-5.8S rDNA of Z. pararbuscula is also determined in order to compare it with the closely related congener, Zoothamnium arbuscula. Zoothamnium pararbuscula can be distinguished from its close form Z. arbuscula by the different habitats, the appearance of the main stalk, the position of the contractile vacuole, and the information derived from 18S-ITS1-5.8S rDNA sequence analysis. Pseudovorticella clampi n. sp. is distinguished from its congeners by its body shape and size, pellicle granules, habitat, and number of transverse silverlines.     

Reinvestigations of Three “Well-known” Marine Scuticociliates: Uronemella filificum (Kahl, 1931) nov. gen., nov. comb., Pseud cohnilembus hargisi Evans & Thompson, 1964 and Cyclidium citrullus Cohn 1865, with Description of the New Genus Uronemella (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida)

The living morphology, infraciliature and silverline system of 3 “well-known” marine scuticociliates, Uronemella filificum (Kahl, 1931) nov. gen., nov. comb. (formerly Uronema filificum Kahl, 1931), Pseudocohnilembus hargisi Evans & Thompson, 1964 and Cyclidium citrullus Cohn 1865 are reinvestigated and redescribed.

Based on the data obtained, we suggest an establishment of a new genus Uronemella. The diagnosis for the new taxon: thigmotactic Uronematidae with generally pear-shaped body and subequatorially positioned cytostome; apical plate dominant; oral apparatus Uronema-like, one-rowed membranelle 1 about as long as membranelle 2; paroral membrane extending anteriorly to about mid-level of membrane 2; one caudal cilium; in vivo exhibiting typical rotatory movement with help of a caudal-cilium-associated sticky thread; generally in marine habitats. According to this definition, three nominal species as new combinations are transferred into this genus: Uronemella binucleata (Song, 1993) nov. comb. (= Homalogastra binucleata Song, 1993), Uronemella filificum (Kahl, 1931) nov. comb. (= Uronema filificum Kahl, 1931) and Uronemella cymruensis (Pérez-Uz & Hope, 1997) nov. comb. (=Urocyclon cymruensis Pérez-Uz & Hope, 1997). For comparison with Uronemella, some other closely-related taxa are also briefly outlined in the present paper.     

Taxonomic characterization of Vorticella fuscaPrecht, 1935 and Vorticella parapulchella n. sp., two marine peritrichs (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) from China

Two marine peritrich ciliates, Vorticella fuscaPrecht (1935) and Vorticella parapulchella n. sp. were discovered in the littoral zone of Qingdao, northern China. Their morphology, infraciliature, and silverline system were described using live observation and silver impregnation. The poorly known species V. fusca is redescribed, adding information about the oral infraciliature and pellicular morphology. Vorticella parapulchella n. sp. is superficially similar to Vorticella pulchellaSommer (1951) but is distinguished from it by being markedly smaller and having much more widely spaced pellicular ridges. The infundibular infraciliature of V. parapulchella is extremely unusual in having infundibular polykinety 3 reduced to two rows, one of which has almost disappeared.     

Morphological studies on two marine colepid ciliates from Qingdao, China, Nolandia orientalis spec. nov. and Pinacocoleps similis (Kahl, 1933) comb. nov. (Ciliophora, Colepidae)

Recent studies have revealed that the “lower” marine ciliates are far more diverse than previously suspected. During a survey on the ciliate fauna in coastal waters of Qingdao, northern China, we have isolated about 30 new or poorly known taxa. In the present study two colepid species are investigated, Nolandia orientalis spec. nov. and Pinacocoleps similis (Kahl, 1933) comb. nov. (basionym: Coleps similis Kahl, 1933). Their morphology and infraciliature are documented based on living observations and silver impregnations. The new species Nolandia orientalis differs from the type species N. nolandi mainly in the structure of tier plates. The structure of the tier plates was also the basis for transferring Coleps similis Kahl, 1933 to the genus Pinacocoleps and for three further new combinations: Pinacocoleps heteracanthus (Noland, 1937) comb. nov. (basionym: Coleps heteracanthus Noland, 1937), P. spiralis (Noland, 1937) comb. nov. (basionym Coleps spiralis Noland, 1937) and Pinacocoleps arenarius (Bock, 1952) comb. nov. (basionym: Coleps arenarius Bock, 1952).     

青岛沿海7种异毛类纤毛虫形态学描述

借助活体观察及银染法等对采集于青岛沿海的7种异毛类纤毛虫(绿色爽口虫Climacostomum virens、蓝菌丽克虫Licnophora lyngbycola、盐蚕豆虫Fabrea salina、佛氏环须虫Peritromus faurei、简单瓶囊虫Folliculina simplex、延长类瓶囊虫Folliculinopsis producta、弯曲突口虫Condylostoma curva)进行了活体形态与纤毛图式水平的分类学研究, 其中绿色爽口虫为国内新记录。对迄今缺乏详细研究的简单瓶囊虫与延长类瓶囊虫补充了大量活体形态描述, 如皮层颗粒、色素颗粒的分布与颜色变化等, 同时运用现代银染技术首次报道了该两种游泳体的纤毛图式。