木瓜榕传粉榕小蜂雌蜂触角感器的分布和超微形态

为探索木瓜榕传粉榕小蜂Ceratosolen emarginatus寄主定位机制, 应用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了其雌蜂触角感器的类型、 分布和超微形态。结果显示： 木瓜榕传粉榕小蜂雌蜂触角呈膝状, 由柄节、 梗节和11个鞭小节组成的鞭节组成, 第3鞭小节着生一坚固的脊骨突。触角上共发现7类11种感器, 分别为毛形感器、 刺形感器、 锥形感器（包括单孔形和多孔形）、 多孔板形感器（包括长形和圆形）、 腔锥形感器（分为3种类型）、 栓锥形乳突状感器、 角锥形感器。结合表面特征和内部结构, 锥形感器、 多孔板形感器、 栓锥形乳突状感器和腔锥形感器类型1为有孔型, 为化学感器; 无孔型的毛形感器和刺形感器是机械感器, 但腔锥形感器类型2和3为本体感器或湿热压力感器; 最为特异的为角锥形感器, 其厚壁无孔, 逆向触角主轴, 为该科昆虫所特有, 推测可防止传粉榕小蜂进入榕果时滑脱。这些结果将有助于理解木瓜榕传粉榕小蜂特异性行为, 并为下一步开展电生理研究, 揭示其信息化学物质利用和分配模式奠定基础。     

灰茶尺蠖成虫触角及幼虫头部感器超微结构

【目的】明确灰茶尺蠖Ectropis grisescens成虫触角及幼虫头部感器的种类、形态、数量和分布,以探讨灰茶尺蠖的行为机制。【方法】利用扫描电镜技术观察灰茶尺蠖雌、雄成虫触角和5龄幼虫头部感器的超微结构。【结果】灰茶尺蠖成虫触角上分布有8种感器,分别是栓锥形感器、耳形感器、毛形感器(Ⅰ-Ⅳ)、B?hm氏鬃毛、腔锥形感器(Ⅰ和Ⅱ)、鳞形感器、锥形感器(Ⅰ和Ⅱ)和刺形感器。其中,栓锥形感器仅分布在雌蛾触角上,耳形感器、毛形感器(STⅠ-Ⅲ)仅分布在雄虫触角上。5龄幼虫触角上着生1个栓锥形感器、1个锥形感器和2个刺形感器;上唇着生有6对刺形感器,内唇着生有3对刺形感器和1对指形感器;上颚基部外侧着生有2个刺形感器;下颚及下颚须着生有5个刺形感器、9个锥形感器和2个栓锥形感器;下唇须着生有1个锥形感器和1个刺形感器;吐丝器前端着生有1对刺形感器。【结论】灰茶尺蠖雌、雄成虫触角感器存在性二型性,且雄虫上感器种类和数量较多,据此推测雄虫感受寄主植物或性信息素的能力较强;幼虫头部感器具有嗅觉和味觉功能,在其判断食物的种类和适应性等生态行为中发挥重要作用。     

松褐天牛触角感器电镜扫描和触角电位反应

应用扫描电镜对松褐天牛的触角感器进行扫描观察,并测定了触角对松树主要挥发物的电生理反应.松褐天牛触角上共有7种感器,即毛形感器、锥形感器、指形感器、棒形感器、瓶形感器、芽形感器以及刺形感器,以毛形和锥形感器的数量最丰富.其中毛形感器和锥形感器各有3个型,指形感器有2个型.毛Ⅱ、毛Ⅲ型和锥Ⅰ、锥Ⅱ型感器表皮结构具有深的纵刻纹,具有嗅觉感器的典型特征.同时对各种感器的数量、长度及分布特点等作了描述.电生理研究结果表明,几种供试化合物及其混合物均能引起松褐天牛雌、雄成虫较强的电生理反应;松褐天牛触角不同部位的EAG反应存在显著差异;剂量试验表明,松褐天牛成虫触角对不同浓度的α-Pinene的EAG反应存在一定的规律性.     

梨小食心虫触角感受器雌雄二型的超微研究

梨小食心虫是果树上的一种重要害虫。本文采用扫描电子显微镜技术(SEM)对成虫离体触角外部形态进行观察,以Onagbola和Fadamiro(2008)为分类标准,对梨小食心虫的触角感受器重新进行分类。结果显示,梨小食心虫触角为线状,由柄节、梗节和鞭节构成,鞭节细分为38-45个亚节。雌、雄蛾共有8种触角感受器,分别为无孔栓锥形感受器、无孔B9hm's鬃毛、单孔刺形感受器、多孔毛形感受器、多孔锥形感受器、多孔腔锥形感受器、多孔耳形感受器和芽孢形感受器(只在雌蛾触角上观察到)。感受器在类型、形态和数量上存在雌雄二型现象。耳形感受器数量在雌雄间差异显著,雌雄蛾刺形感受器、栓锥形感受器、毛形感受器、锥形感受器、腔锥形感受器长度差异显著,并对其功能进行了推测。     

松褐天牛触角感器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜对松褐天牛Monochamus alternatusHope触角上的感器进行了观察和研究。结果表明:松褐天牛触角上共存在着6种感器,即毛形感器(Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型)、B hm氏鬃毛、锥形感器、耳形感器、钟形感器、角形感器。并对松褐天牛触角不同种类感器的形态、分布以及雌雄感器在分布和数量上的差别进行了描述。     

青杨脊虎天牛触角感器的分布特征及特殊的感器类型

利用扫描电镜观察青杨脊虎天牛Xylotrechus rusticusL.触角感器的类型和分布,在青杨脊虎天牛触角上共9种感器类型为首次描述:锥形感器Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ,刺形感器Ⅱ、Ⅲ,剑形感器Ⅱ,齿形感器和具壁孔的刺形感器。此外,还有3种特化的感器。根据样方内感器密度的统计结果,在青杨脊虎天牛触角上分布较多的前3种感器依次是:锥形感器Ⅰ和刺形感器Ⅳ、Ⅱ,占总感器数量的95%以上。根据感器的分布、形态特征结合已有的文献描述,分析各感器可能具有的功能。雌雄成虫触角的性二型现象表现在:(1)长度不同,雄虫触角平均较雌虫长0.7mm;(2)同一类型的感器在雌雄触角上的分布模式不同;(3)同一类型感器的数量在雌、雄触角上的分布存在差异;(4)同一类型感器的形态在雌、雄间存在差异。     

管氏肿腿蜂触角感器的扫描电镜观察

扫描电镜观察表明 ,管氏肿腿蜂SclerodermaguaniXiaoetWu触角上存在 1 3种感器 ,其中毛形感器Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、刺形感器、锥形感器、鳞形感器、栓锥形感器、钟形感器和坛形感器雌雄均有 ,仅数量和分布存在差异 ;板形感器、柱形感器Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、长锥形感器和耳形感器只在雌蜂触角上存在。感器的种类、数量和分布在性别间的差异 ,为研究该蜂寻找生境和寄生行为提供了形态学依据。     

桃红颈天牛触角、口器及跗节感器的超微结构特征

本文采用扫描电子显微镜技术,利用ImageJ软件测量,观察并获取了桃红颈天牛Aromia bungii雌雄成虫触角、口器及跗节感器的长度、数量和分布情况。研究结果表明,雌雄成虫触角均发现有感器类型5型17亚型,即刺形感器8亚型、锥形感器5亚型、毛形感器2亚型、耳形感器以及B9hm氏鬃毛各1亚型。雌雄成虫口器均分布有感器类型6型10亚型,即刺形感器2亚型、锥形感器4亚型、毛形感器、钟形感器、板形感器以及B9hm氏鬃毛各1亚型。雌雄成虫跗节表面均有感器类型3型6亚型,即刺形感器3亚型、锥形感器2亚型以及毛形感器1亚型,且雌雄虫间各部位感器无性二型现象。     

草地螟触角化学感受器的电镜观察

应用扫描电镜对草地螟成虫触角的外部形态结构进行观察的结果表明 :成虫触角存在着 5种感觉器 ,即毛形感器、刺形感器、腔锥感器、锥形感器和耳形感器 ,其中以毛形感器数目最多 ,刺形感器分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型。并对草地螟触角两性差异及与其它相近昆虫的差异进行了讨论。     

鳞翅目昆虫的触角感器

鳞翅目昆虫种类繁多,触角感器十分丰富。为系统地了解和掌握鳞翅目昆虫触角感器的类型、分布及其结构与功能,综述了近年来国内外鳞翅目昆虫触角感器研究方面的成果,对鳞翅目较为常见的鳞形感器、毛形感器、刺形感器、腔锥形感器、耳形感器、锥形感器、栓锥形感器、板形感器及B(o|¨)hm氏鬃毛等9种感器的形态及功能等进行了详细介绍。同时探讨了目前鳞翅目昆虫触角感器研究中存在的一些问题。     

Sexual dimorphism in antennal receptors of Phyllophaga ravida Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Melolonthidae)

The external morphology of sensilla on the antennae of males and females of Phyllophaga ravida Blanchard is described using scanning electron microscopy. Sexual dimorphism in body and antennal dimensions and in antennal receptor types was found. The female's body is slightly larger than the male's, although male antennal lamellae are longer than in females. Sixteen types of sensilla were identified on the proximal and distal surfaces of lamellae from both sexes, most of them in males: three types of placodea sensilla, four types of auricilica sensilla, five types of basiconica sensilla, and four types of coeloconica sensilla. Also, two types of mechanoreceptor sensilla were present on the lamellae periphery. Furthermore, males had larger placodea, auricilica and some types of basiconica sensilla.     

Reproductive strategies and parasitization behavior of Ageniaspis citricola, a parasitoid of the citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella

We describe the number, distribution, and function of sensilla located on different organs of Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) females using scanning electron microscopy, selective staining, and contact electrophysiology. The tarsi of the prothoracic legs bear contact chemo‐mechanoreceptor sensilla chaetica (5–13 per tarsomere), arranged in rings mainly concentrated on ventral surfaces, and different mechanosensory structures (sensilla chaetica, sensilla squamiformia, sensilla campaniformia, and spines). A single contact chemo‐mechanoreceptor sensillum chaeticum is present between the claws on the pretarsus. The ventral surface of the ovipositor lobes is covered with numerous mechanosensory sensilla chaetica of different types, out of which 10 have a contact chemosensory function. Putative contact chemo‐mechanoreceptor sensilla were also observed on the proboscis and antenna. Longitudinal rows of alternated sensilla styloconica and basiconica are present on the distal part of the proboscis, and rings of sensilla chaetica are present at the antennal tip. The sensilla on these body parts may play different roles in the selection of an oviposition site.     

Sensillum types on the proboscis of the Lepidoptera: a review

The external surface of lepidopteran proboscides may bear six morphological types of sensilla: chaeticum, basiconicum, styloconicum, coeloconicum, filiformium, and campaniformium, with the first three types being the most common. There are four types of pore-system: aporous, uniporous, multiporous, and uniporous-multiporous. Sensilla chaetica and campaniformia are aporous sensilla with a tactile or a proprioceptive function, respectively. Aporous sensilla filiformia are probably vibroreceptors. Uniporous sensilla with a gustative function exist in sensilla basiconica, styloconica and coeloconica. Multiporous sensilla were found in long sensilla basiconica and seem rare. Uniporous-multiporous sensilla are relatively common and are to be found both in sensilla styloconica (Arctiidae, Noctuidae) and in sensilla basiconica (Adelidae, Pyralidae, Arctiidae, Noctuidae). It is difficult to establish their function (gustative or olfactive). More extensive research would make it possible to discover them in other families. Only gustative uniporous sensilla basiconica exist in the food canal. The morphology of the proboscis and the distribution of sensilla are adapted to food habits.     

Antennal sensilla of the ground beetle Bembidion lampros Hbst (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

Antennal sensilla typology, number and distribution pattern were studied in the ground beetle Bembidion lampros Hbst (Coleoptera, Carabidae) using scanning electron microscopy. The 1.6–1.8 mm long filiform antennae of both sexes consist of the scape, pedicel and of the flagellum composed of nine flagellomeres. In both sexes, three types of sensilla chaetica, two types of sensilla trichodea, five types of sensilla basiconica, one type of sensilla coeloconica, one type of sensilla campaniformia and Böhm sensilla were distinguished. The possible function of the sensilla was discussed and three types of sensilla were considered as olfactory, sensilla trichodea type 2 and sensilla basiconica types 1 and 2. Olfactory sensilla occupy dorsal and/or ventral areas of the flagellomeres and occur sparsely (sensilla basiconica type 1) or not at all (sensilla basiconica type 2 and sensilla trichodea type 2) outside these areas. No remarkable sexual differences in the types, numbers and distribution of antennal sensilla were found.     

山茱萸蛀果蛾幼虫触角和口器感器的超微形态

【目的】探索寄主范围不同的蛀果蛾科(Carposinidae)幼虫感器之间是否存在差异。【方法】采用扫描电子显微镜观察了为害山茱萸Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc.的单食性蛀果害虫--山茱萸蛀果蛾Carposina coreana Kim老熟幼虫触角和口器感器的超微形态。【结果】山茱萸蛀果蛾幼虫触角柄节未见感器分布, 梗节上有2个刺形感器和3个锥形感器, 鞭节上有1个栓锥感器和3个锥形感器。口器上共有6种感器： 刺形感器数量多, 分布广; 栓锥感器主要分布在颚叶、 下颚须和下唇须上; 指形感器位于内唇和下颚须端节侧缘; 锥形感器和板形感器仅存在于下颚上; 内唇感器为内唇所特有。【结论】蛀果蛾幼虫触角和口器的感器与寄主范围之间未发现严格的对应关系。     

Fine structure of antennal sensilla basiconica and their detection of plant volatiles in the eucalyptus woodborer, Phoracantha semipunctata Fabricius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

The ultrastructure and distribution pattern of two types of basiconic sensilla (I and II) on the antennal flagellum of both sexes of Phoracantha semipunctata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) was investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscope. Both types are thin-walled multiporous sensilla and occur mostly along the anterior border of the Fl1-Fl6 flagellomeres, while on the distal flagellomeres (Fl7-Fl9) they are more evenly distributed on both surfaces. Clusters of sensilla basiconica II are found on the distal half of the anterior border of the Fl1-Fl6 flagellomeres. Sensilla basiconica I have one bipolar sensory cell with a branched distal dendrite, whereas the sensilla basiconica II contain two bipolar sensory cells with branched distal dendrites. No sexual dimorphism was found in the fine structure and distribution pattern of both types of sensilla basiconica. Responses from single sensory cells to host and non-host plant odors were examined, using gas chromatography linked with electrophysiological recordings. Most cells associated with each sensillum type were narrowly tuned, each specialized for the detection of one or two chemically related compounds. No clear functional distinction between the two morphological types of sensilla was found, although the few cells that responded specifically to non-host volatiles were associated with sensilla basiconica II.     

梨小食心虫幼虫感受器扫描电镜观察

梨小食心虫Grapholita molesta(Busck)是一种世界性蛀果害虫,主要以幼虫钻蛀蔷薇科果树的嫩梢和果实进行为害.本文利用扫描电子显微镜观察了梨小食心虫幼虫的超微形态和感受器.结果表明,幼虫触角上有3种类型的感受器:2个刺形感受器、6个锥形感受器和1个栓锥形感受器.上唇有6对刺形感受器.上颚的前端有切齿叶.在下颚的轴节和茎节各有1个刺形感受器.每个外颚叶有3个短而尖的锥形感受器、2个大的栓锥形感受器和3个刺形感受器.体节末梢的下颚须有7个锥形感受器、1个栓锥形感受器.下颚须的末端有1个指形感受器和2个板形感受器.每个下唇须末端具有1个尖锥状刺形感受器和1个长的栓锥形感受器.胸足与腹足上也分布有不规则的毛型感受器和刺型感受器.该研究将为进一步阐明梨小食心虫与其寄主的关系提供形态学的理论基础.     

Sensilla on maxillary and labial palps in a helicophagous ground beetle larva (Coleoptera,Carabidae)

Sensilla on the labial and maxillary palp of Carabus lefebvrei Dejean, 1826 larvae were investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Two identical sets of sensilla were present on the tips of both palp pairs, and four morphological types of sensilla were identified: sensilla basiconica types 1 and 2, sensilla coeloconica and sensilla digitiformia. Ultrastructure indicates that the sensilla basiconica type 1 and coeloconica have a chemical role as gustatory and olfactory receptors, respectively, while sensilla basiconica type 2 are mechanoreceptors and the sensilla digitiformia are probably thermo‐ and hygroreceptors. Their function is discussed in relation to specialized prey detection and habitat adaptations.     

双斑长跗萤叶甲触角感器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜观察了双斑长跗萤叶甲Monolepta hieroglyphica(Motschulsky)成虫触角及其感器的形态与分布。结果表明:双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫触角为线状,由柄节、梗节和鞭节组成,鞭节有9节,其中,雄虫的触角比雌虫长;感器类型有毛形感器(1型、2型和3型)、刺形感器、锥形感器(1型和2型)、腔锥形感器、Bhm氏鬃毛、钟形感器共9种。雌雄成虫触角感器类型无差异,但雄虫触角上的感器分布要比雌虫的稠密。