松嫩平原两个生态型羊草实验种群对盐碱胁迫的生理响应

采用盆栽实验,对灰绿型和黄绿型两个生态型羊草(Leymus chinensis)在幼苗期分别用不同强度的NaCl、Na2CO3和混合盐碱胁迫,测定其叶片叶绿素含量、电解质外渗率和植株脯氨酸、Na／K等生理指标。结果表明,在3种盐碱胁迫条件下,灰绿型和黄绿型羊草的叶片叶绿素含量、电解质外渗率和植株脯氨酸、Na／K均与胁强之间呈直线y=a+bx变化,达到了显著或极显著水平,两个实验种群均具有耐盐碱能力,叶片叶绿素含量、电解质外渗率和植株脯氨酸、Na／K均有显著或极显著差异,它们在耐盐碱生理特性上已产生了分化,其中,灰绿型的耐盐碱能力强于黄绿型,本文为羊草生态型分化主导生态因子是土壤盐碱所致提供了的生理学证据。     

羊草两个趋异类型的光合生物生态特性比较的初步研究

对羊草（Ａｎｅｕｒｏｌｅｐｉｄｉｕｍ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅ）种群的两个趋异类型－－灰绿型羊草与黄绿型羊草的光合生理生态特性进行了研究,比较了同一生境条件下,两种趋异类型羊草的光合速率、蒸腾速率的日变化,以及两个羊草趋异类型的光合速率对光辐射强度、气温、相对湿度、叶温与气孔扩散阻力的响应。结果表明,同一生境条件下,灰绿型羊草的光合速率与蒸滕速率相对较高,两者的饱和光合速率分别为２３．２与１８．８μｍｏｌ     

羊草两个趋异类型的光合生理生态特性比较的初步研究

对羊草（Ａｎｅｕｒｏｌｅｐｉｄｉｕｍ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅ）种群的两个趋异类型——灰绿型羊草与黄绿型羊草的光合生理生态特性进行了研究,比较了同一生境条件下,两种趋异类型羊草的光合速率、蒸腾速率的日变化,以及两个羊草趋异类型的光合速率对光辐射强度、气温、相对湿度、叶温与气孔扩散阻力的响应。结果表明,同一生境条件下,灰绿型羊草的光合速率与蒸腾速率相对较高,两者的饱和光合速率分别为２３．２与１８．８μｍ ｏｌＣＯ２／ｍ ２·ｓ,光饱和点分别为１３６７．６与１３８７．９μｍ ｏｌ／ｍ ２·ｓ,光补偿点分别为９．８与１４．０μｍ ｏｌ／ｍ ２·ｓ;灰绿型羊草与黄绿型羊草对光强度、气温、相对湿度、叶温、气孔扩散阻力的响应均有显著差异。实验测得的结果说明,同一生境条件下羊草两个趋异类型的光合生理特性变异是明显的,羊草这种生理上的变异为确定两个趋异类型是否为两个生态型提供了一些生理学方面的证据。     

羊草种群克隆多样性的初步研究

 采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术检测了松嫩草原上两种叶色类型(灰绿型和黄绿型)羊草(Leymus chinensis)种群的克隆多样性。羊草种群中克隆多样性较高,Simpson指数平均为0.983,97.7% 的基因型为局部分布;在克隆特性上,灰绿型和黄绿型羊草也明显不同,黄绿型种群的克隆多样性低于灰绿型。由基株数据计算的种群遗传多样性与由分株计算的结果一致,进一步确认了黄绿型和灰绿型羊草间存在着明显的遗传分化。种群中不时有实生苗补充及环境异质性引起的分化选择作用可能是维持种群内基因型多样性的重要因素。     

干旱胁迫对菜苔叶片保护酶活性和膜脂过氧化的影响

以3个不同耐旱性的菜苔（Brassica parachinensis L.H.Bailey）品种为试材,研究了干旱胁迫对叶片保护酶活性和膜脂过氧化的影响及其与抗旱性的关系。干旱胁迫条件下,菜苔叶片的电解质外渗率和MDA含量呈上升趋势,叶绿素含量、抗坏血酸含量和SOD活性呈下降趋势,CAT活性表现为先上升后下降。耐旱品种比不耐旱品种具有较高的叶绿素含量和抗坏血酸含量,具有较低的电解质外渗率和MDA含量;耐旱品种的SOD活性比不耐旱品种下降幅度小。轻度干旱胁迫下,耐旱品种的CAT活性上升幅度比不耐旱品种高;重度干旱胁迫下耐旱品种的CAT活性下降程度比不耐旱品种低。耐旱品种的POD活性在干旱条件下先上升而后降低,不耐品种的POD活性处于下降趋势。干旱6d后,耐旱品种的SOD、CAT和POD活性显著高于不耐旱品种。     

水杨酸对大花三色堇幼苗耐热性的影响

大花三色堇性喜冷凉、忌酷热。该研究以大花三色堇3个自交系08H 、HAR 和 E01为材料,分别测定了40℃高温处理4、8和12 h 时不同基因型大花三色堇幼苗的生理指标,以及不同浓度(0.1、1、2 mmol?L-1)水杨酸预处理对热胁迫下大花三色堇幼苗耐热性的影响。结果表明：在高温胁迫下大花三色堇电解质外渗量增加,随着处理时间的延长,电解质外渗更多,可溶性糖含量先增加后降低,POD 酶活性先提高后降低;与其他2个自交系相比,HAR 表现出较好的耐热性,其可溶性糖含量、POD 酶活性的增加均较高,而电解质外渗率偏低;与对照相比,3种浓度 SA 预处理均显著降低了大花三色堇幼苗的电解质外渗率,增加了幼苗体内可溶性糖含量,提高了大花三色堇的幼苗体内脯氨酸含量和 POD 酶活性;其中1 mmol?L-1的 SA 预处理对高温胁迫下大花三色堇幼苗体内可溶性糖的含量增加最高,最大程度减缓幼苗体内的电解质外渗量,08H 和 HAR 的脯氨酸含量和 POD 酶活性达到最大值。而对 E01而言,0.1 mmol?L-1的水杨酸预处理的脯氨酸含量和 POD 酶活性最高。该研究结果探讨了高温胁迫下不同基因型大花三色堇幼苗的生理表现,以及外施水杨酸对增强大花三色堇幼苗耐热性的效果,为大花三色堇抗热栽培提供重要的基础资料。     

栓皮栎幼苗对土壤干旱胁迫的生理响应

以栓皮栎一年生盆栽苗为实验材料,采用称重控水的方法,设置不同土壤水分胁迫梯度,系统分析其幼苗在不同干旱胁迫条件下的生理生化响应特征,以探索栓皮栎耐旱特性.结果显示:(1)栓皮栎幼苗叶片中3种保护酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性在对照(CK,土壤相对含水量19.5％～21.5％)条件下保持稳定,而中度干旱(T2,9.5％～11.5％)和重度干旱(T3,5.5％～7.5％)条件下,随着胁迫时间的延长呈先增高后降低的趋势,且变化的幅度在不同胁迫强度下存在差异.(2)在整个干旱胁迫过程中,各胁迫处理叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量均呈上升趋势,不同胁迫强度的变化幅度不同;叶片中的可溶性蛋白含量和根系活力随着干旱胁迫程度的增强呈先增高后降低的趋势.(3)栓皮栎幼苗叶片的脯氨酸含量随着干旱胁迫时间的延长表现出先增加后降低的趋势;叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量以及叶绿素a/b值均呈逐渐降低的趋势.研究表明,栓皮栎幼苗在短期和轻度干旱胁迫下通过提高自身的保护酶活性、增加可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量、提高根系活力等来抵御干旱环境的伤害,从而表现出较强的耐旱特性;而在重度干旱胁迫条件下,栓皮栎幼苗自我调节能力丧失,体内代谢紊乱,导致保护酶活性、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸含量和根系活力等下降,从而受到干旱伤害.     

羊草种群遗传分化的RAPD分析Ⅱ.RAPD数据的统计分析

对松嫩草原上分布的灰绿型和黄绿型羊草9个种群进行了15个引物的RAPD分析,统计结果表明,两类种群的扩增片段数和多态位点比率明显不同,黄绿型种群低于灰绿型,其值分别＜90与＞100,＜50％与＞70％,比较了7种不同统计方法据RAPD表型或基因型频率估算的种群遗传多样性,几种统计结果都揭示,黄绿型种群低于灰绿型种群,用F1s值矫正种群对Hardy-Weinberg平衡的偏离后,估算等位基因频率,通过Shannon指数和Nei指数估计羊草种群间分化分别为37．6％和35．7％,高于等位酶的分析,讨论比较了等位酶和RAPD分析结果的异同。     

松嫩草原羊草种群遗传分化的研究

通过等位酶技术, 综合分析了松嫩平原11 个羊草种群的遗传多样性及遗传分化指标, 深入剖析了灰绿型和黄绿型两种叶色类型羊草种群之间的遗传差异:两类种群在等位基因频率、非平衡位点和A、P、He 及固定指数F 上明显不同, 两类种群间有极明显的遗传分化。黄绿型种群的A、P、He 皆低于灰绿型;黄绿型F < 0, 灰绿型F > 0, 这种差异主要表现在DIA-1、PGM、SKD 和ACP 等位点上;两类种群间的遗传分化主要发生在ADH、DIA-2 和PGM 等位点上。种群间的遗传距离与地理距离之间没有相关。     

松嫩草原羊草种群遗传分化的研究

通过等位酶技术,综合分析了松嫩原理１１个羊草种群的遗传多样性及遗传分化指标,深入剖析了灰绿型和黄绿型两种叶色类型羊草种群之间的遗传差异：两类种群在等位基因频率、非平衡位点和Ａ、Ｐ、Ｈe及固定指数Ｆ上明显不同,两类种群间有极明显的遗传分化。黄绿型种群的Ａ、Ｐ、Ｈe皆低于灰绿型;黄绿型Ｆ＜０,灰绿型Ｆ＞０,这种差异主要表现在ＤＩＡ－１、ＰＧＭ、ＳＫＤ和ＡＣＰ等位点上;两类种群间的遗传分化主要发生在ＡＤＨ、ＤＩＡ－２和ＰＧＭ等位点上。种群间的遗传距离与地理距离之间没有相关。     

松嫩草地两种趋异型羊草克隆构型特征比较

This paper studied the clonal architecture of two divergent Leyrnus chinensis types (grey-green type and yellowgreen type) in Songnen grassland, and compared their internode length, spacer length, interbranching length, interbranching angle, and ramet population density and height under the same habitat. The results showed that there was no significant difference in these clonal characteristics except spacer length and ramet population density between the two types of L. chinensis, and yellow-green type, with less spacer length and more ramet density than grey-green type, should be more adaptable to the resourceful habitat. Moreover, the V-indices of the clonal architecture of two divergent L. chinensis types were all close to 1, and the difference was not significant. Therefore, both of the two types belonged to typical guerilla clonal plant.     

Genetic Variation and Clonal Diversity of the Two Divergent Types of Clonal Populations of Leymus chinensis Tzvel on the Song Liao Steppe in the West of Northeastern China

The genetic variation and clonal diversity of two divergent types (grey-green and yellow-green) of clonal populations ofLeymus chinensis Tzvel at 14 loci were compared. Total gene diversity (HT) and the coefficient of genetic differentiation (GsT) were all higher for the yellow-green type (HT = 0.270; GsT = 0.186)than for the grey-green type (HT = 0.250; GsT = 0.157) of L. chinensis. Rare alleles usually occurred as heterozygotes rather than homozygotes and significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were found only at a few loci. This indicated that these two types of populations were mainly out-crossing. Clonal diversity, evenness of clones, and mean clone size were not significantly different between the two types.We found that differences between the clone size and genetic variation of the yellow-green type of popula tions occurred with different climate and habitat population groups. However, for the grey-green type of populations, these genetic variations decreased under conditions of different climate and habitat popula tion groups.     

Genetic Variation and Clonal Diversity of the Two Divergent Types of Clonal Populations of Leymus chinensis Tzvel on the Song Liao Steppe in the West of Northeastern China

The genetic variation and clonal diversity of two divergent types (grey-green and yellow-green) of clonal populations of Leymus chinensis Tzvel at 14 loci were compared. Total gene diversity (HT) and the coefficient of genetic differentiation (GST) were all higher for the yellow-green type (HT = 0.270; GST =0.186) than for the grey-green type (HT = 0.250; GST = 0.157) of L. chinensis. Rare alleles usually occurred as heterozygotes rather than homozygotes and significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were found only at a few loci. This indicated that these two types of populations were mainly out-crossing. Clonal diversity, evenness of clones, and mean clone size were not significantly different between the two types. We found that differences between the clone size and genetic variation of the yellow-green type of populations occurred with different climate and habitat population groups. However, for the grey-green type of populations, these genetic variations decreased under conditions of different climate and habitat population groups.     

松嫩平原两个生态型羊草种群生长机制

对松嫩平原两个生态型羊草种群生长机制进行了研究.结果表明,两个生态型羊草种群分株重与密度之间关系呈幂函数变化,方程中b值（-0.098～-0.272）大于-1.两个生态型羊草种群生物量、分株重随着密度、高度的增加而逐渐增加,它们之间的关系符合幂函数或直线变化规律,达到显著或极显著相关水平.两个生态型羊草种群生物量和分株重随密度和高度的变化速率在营养生长期内均最小.灰绿生态型的变化速率b（0.7872、0.0134）在营养生长期小于黄绿生态型（0.8793、0.0222）;到果后营养期,灰绿生态型（0.8048、0.0303）逐渐超过黄绿生态型（0.7796、0.0258）.两个生态型羊草种群在研究样地环境中未达到环境容纳量,两个生态型羊草种群在整个生育期内不断生长,具有相同的生长规律,且灰绿生态型羊草种群具有更强的生长潜力.     

钼在桃树干旱胁迫响应中的作用解析

以毛桃(Amygdalus persica)实生苗为试材, 研究干旱胁迫下, 钼酸铵处理对钼辅因子硫化酶编码基因(LOS5/ABA3)表达量、脱落酸(ABA)含量及抗旱相关生理指标的影响。结果表明, 干旱胁迫下, 喷施不同浓度钼酸铵处理毛桃实生苗叶片, 其含水量及叶绿素和脯氨酸含量显著高于对照, 且以0.04%钼酸铵处理效果最好; 电解质渗漏率显著低于对照。干旱胁迫下, 与对照相比, 喷施0.04%钼酸铵的毛桃实生苗叶片中LOS5/ABA3表达量显著提高; ABA含量、水分利用效率和净光合速率均高于对照, 蒸腾速率低于对照, 且差异显著; 叶片抗氧化酶活性显著升高, MDA含量显著降低; 离体处理的叶片质量损失减缓, 且差异显著。研究表明毛桃实生苗在干旱胁迫下喷施钼酸铵可通过上调钼辅因子硫化酶编码基因的表达水平, 提高叶片中ABA和脯氨酸含量及抗氧化酶活性, 从而缓解干旱胁迫下的细胞膜氧化伤害, 降低叶片失水速率, 减轻干旱胁迫对毛桃实生苗的伤害。     

盐旱交叉胁迫对柽柳幼苗生长及生理生化特性的影响

以3年生柽柳为材料,采用盆栽实验测定分析不同盐旱交叉胁迫下柽柳的生长状况、光合色素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量,以阐明盐旱交叉胁迫对柽柳幼苗生长及生理生化特性的影响。结果显示:(1)盐胁迫对柽柳生长影响大于干旱胁迫,茎叶对盐旱胁迫的敏感性高于根系部分;随着盐胁迫的加剧,柽柳株高、基径以及干物质量均降低。(2)随盐旱胁迫的加剧,柽柳幼苗叶片光合色素含量先升高后降低,主导影响因子由干旱胁迫转为盐胁迫;重度盐胁迫下,叶绿素a、b下降明显。(3)中度干旱胁迫下,SOD和POD活性随盐胁迫的增强先降低后升高;随盐旱胁迫的加剧,SOD和POD活性逐渐减弱。(4)适度的盐旱胁迫能降低幼苗MDA含量,但重度干旱、轻中度盐分胁迫下MDA含量较高。研究发现,柽柳能通过调整自身生长和生理生化特性来提高其对逆境适应能力,表现出较强的抗旱耐盐性;盐旱胁迫下柽柳表现出一定的交叉适应性,适度的干旱胁迫能增强柽柳的耐盐能力。     

松嫩平原两个趋异类型羊草无性系种群特征的比较研究

松嫩平原上羊草(Leymus chinensis(Tzvel.)Tzvel.)有两个趋异类型:灰绿型和黄绿型。两个类型羊草的分蘖节一般均存活2～4年,最多可存活5年;根茎一般存活2～3年,最多可存活4年。两个类型无性系种群的分蘖株均为增长型的年龄结构类型。种群根茎的累积长度,灰绿型为18035cm/m~2,黄绿型为21218cm/m~2,其中,均以1、2龄占绝对比重。两个类型均以1龄分蘖株生产力最大,至3龄分蘖株明显减小;各龄根茎的生物量随着年龄的增加呈直线下降;1龄根茎的营养繁殖力甚强,至8月中旬所形成的芽数均已远远多于地上全部分蘖株数;2龄根茎尚存在较小的营养繁殖潜力,3、4龄根茎均已丧失了营养繁殖力。两个类型羊草无性系种群都是通过根茎芽补充更新。     

Adaptive photosynthetic and physiological responses to drought and rewatering in triploid <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus</Emphasis> populations

Cuttings of Populus cathayana Rehd, originating from three triploid and one diploid populations with the same parents but different gamete origins, were used to examine physiological responses to drought stress and rewatering by exposure to three progressive water regimes. Progressive drought stress significantly decreased the leaf relative water content (RWC), photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and increased the relative electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), free proline (Pro), and antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, in the four populations evaluated. However, compared to the diploid population, triploid populations showed lower relative electrolyte leakage and MDA, higher RWC and Pro content, and more efficient photosynthesis and antioxidant systems under the same water regime. Our data indicated that triploid populations possessed more efficient protective mechanisms than that of diploid population with gradually increasing drought stress. Moreover, some triploid genotypes were less tolerant to water stress than that of diploids due to large intrapopulation overlap.     

黄连木对干旱胁迫的生理响应

研究了自然干旱条件下黄连木（Pistacia chinensis Bunge）的生理变化。结果表明,随土壤含水量的减少,叶绿素b含量、光合速率、叶片相对含水量与叶水势均下降;叶绿素a和可溶性糖含量、叶绿素a和b的比值及总叶绿素含量呈现上升的趋势;超氧化物歧化酶活性先升后降;丙二醛含量干旱胁迫前期升高,后期变化不明显;净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率随土壤含水量的减少逐步降低。气孔和可溶性糖含量都是影响黄连木光合速率的关键因子,干旱胁迫前12d光合速率主要受气孔限制,之后为非气孔限制。干旱胁迫前期渗透调节物质以可溶性糖为主,干旱胁迫较重时脯氨酸含量急剧升高,与可溶性糖同时起渗透调节作用。