羊草种群生物量分配动态模拟

基于4种密度羊草种群的温室模拟试验,分析了羊草种群地上生物量与地下生物量的动态变化．结果表明：羊草种群的地上生物量与地下生物量随生长期呈增加的趋势,且随密度的增加而增加,但不同密度间羊草地上生物量与地下生物量的相对生长速率没有显著差异;不同密度羊草种群的根冠比随生长进程而增加,但差异不显著,表明环境因子是影响羊草种群根冠比变化的主导因素;单株羊草及羊草种群的地上生物量和地下生物量间存在显著的幂函数关系,但幂函数指数与系数随羊草密度的变化而变化,表明资源竞争引起的微环境差异导致了羊草种群根冠比的动态变化,可为定量研究光合产物分配提供参考．     

华南象草分株构件生长及其生物量分配的相关性

为了了解人工栽培条件下象草分株构件生物量及其分配的动态变化规律,以华南象草(Pennisetum purpureum cv.Huanan)为材料,分别在2009年6月和12月,对其分株构件生物量数据进行了测量分析.结果表明:在分株生长过程中,叶片生物量呈线性增长,相关性模型确定系数R2为0.209 ～0.784;茎秆生物量呈线性或幂函数规律增长,相关性模型确定系数较高,R2为0.687 ～0.989,茎秆生物量增长规律更为稳定.随着分株总生物量的增长,营养生长期叶片生物量增长速率是生殖生长期的3.39倍;而生殖生长期茎秆生物量增长速率是营养生长期的1.13倍.枯叶生物量在生殖生长期有着较为稳定的线性增长规律,相关性模型确定系数R2为0.471 ～0.676.花序生物量相关性模型均未达显著水平(P＞0.05),花序生物量分配率呈幂值为-1.037的幂函数降低规律.在生殖生长期,叶片和茎秆生物量分配率呈现幂值分别为-0.387和0.093的幂函数变化规律.     

扎龙湿地保护区异质生境芦苇种群分株构件的数量特征

采用单位面积取样,计数和测量的调查与统计方法,对扎龙湿地保护区4个生境单优群落芦苇种群分株构件数量特征进行比较分析。结果表明,4个生境芦苇种群从5月10日左右返青后进入营养生长期,分株高度和分株密度均持续增加到生殖生长初期的8月份,其中6-8月份差异均达到显著水平(P0.05),8-10月份差异均未达到显著水平(P0.05),芦苇进入生殖生长期后,分株便停止高度生长,地下芽的输出也不再形成分株补充现实种群;分株生物量和种群生物量均持续增加到生殖生长旺盛期的9月份,至休眠期的10月份均有所降低,各月份间的差异均达到显著水平,芦苇种群在生长季末期,具有将生产的物质分配转移到地下储藏与营养繁殖器官的形成与生长上的特性。芦苇种群分株数量特征与返青后实际生长时间之间均较好地符合对数函数关系,R~2在0.818-0.994之间,拟合方程均达到了P0.05的显著水平。4个生境芦苇种群分株密度以湿生生境最大,依次为水生生境、旱生生境,盐碱生境最小,分株高度、分株生物量和种群生物量均以水生生境最大,依次为湿生生境、旱生生境,盐碱生境最小。因此,4个生境芦苇种群分株构件数量特征均表现出基本一致的生育期节律性,同时,芦苇种群的个体生长和种群动态存在明显的环境效应,土壤含水量、pH是影响该地区芦苇分株数量特征的主要因子。     

长白山泥炭沼泽桧叶金发藓种群的年龄结构与生长分析

在长白山哈尼泥炭沼泽,应用“固有年际标记”,对有孢子体和无孢子体生产的桧叶金发藓种群进行了年龄结构与生长分析.结果表明,在两种群中,分株均由6个龄级组成,分株数量和生物量年龄结构均呈衰退型,有孢子体生产的种群尤为明显.总体分株生物量无显著差异（P＞0.05）,各龄分株干物质积累量均随龄级增加呈相似线性增长规律.总体分株平均高度相差6.17%（P＜0.05）,孢子体生产限制了分株高度的生长.各龄分株的平均高度均随龄级增加而呈相似线性增长规律.无孢子体生产的种群内,分株高度的变异程度仅为2.44%,体现了高度一致性对营养株存活的意义.有孢子体生产的种群内,分株高度变异系数为25.07％,分株生物量变异系数仅为8.25％,反映干物质积累量的一致性对种群实现有性繁殖的意义.两种群分株生物量与高度间呈极显著线性正相关（P＜0.001）,未表现出异速生长规律.     

皇竹草的分株构件及其生物量分配的相关性研究

为了解在亚热带地区人工栽培条件下皇竹草(Pennisetum hyardum)生物量构件随生长时间的变化, 于广州地区无人工施肥和灌溉且肥力偏差的典型赤红壤土旱地上, 分别对种植后4、6、12、18 和24 个月的皇竹草地典型样方进行了生物量构件调查分析。皇竹草在分株生长过程中, 叶片生物量呈线性或幂函数规律增长, 相关性模型确定系数R²为0. 279-0.995; 茎秆生物量呈线性或幂函数规律增长, 相关性模型确定系数较高, R2 为0.89-1, 茎秆生物量增长规律更为稳定。随着分株总生物量的增长, 6 个月生长期茎秆生物量、叶片生物量增长速率高于12 个月生长期。枯叶生物量在6 个月生长期有着较为稳定的增长规律, 相关性模型确定系数R2 为0.818-0.989。     

羊草两个趋异类型的光合生物生态特性比较的初步研究

对羊草（Ａｎｅｕｒｏｌｅｐｉｄｉｕｍ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅ）种群的两个趋异类型－－灰绿型羊草与黄绿型羊草的光合生理生态特性进行了研究,比较了同一生境条件下,两种趋异类型羊草的光合速率、蒸腾速率的日变化,以及两个羊草趋异类型的光合速率对光辐射强度、气温、相对湿度、叶温与气孔扩散阻力的响应。结果表明,同一生境条件下,灰绿型羊草的光合速率与蒸滕速率相对较高,两者的饱和光合速率分别为２３．２与１８．８μｍｏｌ     

羊草两个趋异类型的光合生理生态特性比较的初步研究

对羊草（Ａｎｅｕｒｏｌｅｐｉｄｉｕｍ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅ）种群的两个趋异类型——灰绿型羊草与黄绿型羊草的光合生理生态特性进行了研究,比较了同一生境条件下,两种趋异类型羊草的光合速率、蒸腾速率的日变化,以及两个羊草趋异类型的光合速率对光辐射强度、气温、相对湿度、叶温与气孔扩散阻力的响应。结果表明,同一生境条件下,灰绿型羊草的光合速率与蒸腾速率相对较高,两者的饱和光合速率分别为２３．２与１８．８μｍ ｏｌＣＯ２／ｍ ２·ｓ,光饱和点分别为１３６７．６与１３８７．９μｍ ｏｌ／ｍ ２·ｓ,光补偿点分别为９．８与１４．０μｍ ｏｌ／ｍ ２·ｓ;灰绿型羊草与黄绿型羊草对光强度、气温、相对湿度、叶温、气孔扩散阻力的响应均有显著差异。实验测得的结果说明,同一生境条件下羊草两个趋异类型的光合生理特性变异是明显的,羊草这种生理上的变异为确定两个趋异类型是否为两个生态型提供了一些生理学方面的证据。     

羊草种群地上部生物量与株高的分形关系

应用分形几何学（Ｆｒａｃｔａｌ ｇｅｏｍｅｔｒｙ）的原理和方法对羊草（Ａｎｅｕｒｏｌｅｐｉｄｉｕｍ ｃｈｉ－ ｎｅｎｓｅ）种群地上部生物量与株高的关系进行了研究．结果表明．羊草种群的地上部生物量 与株高存在很好的静态分形关系,所得分形维数是对地上部生物量在各器官中积累规律 （生物量配比）的表征;羊草种群地上部生物量与株高的动态分形关系表明在整个生长季 内该种群地上部生物量的增长具有自相似性．是一个分形生长过程,增长规律为分形维数 值Ｄ;在此基础上建立了羊草种群的分形生长模式．认为成熟植株可以看作是其幼苗经生 长放大过程而得到的．     

羊草种群密度与生长动态研究

 通过人为控制种群密度的栽培实验,从基株和构件水平上观察羊草无性系种群的生长动态,分析不同密度水平上羊草种群通过调节种群的生长、发育、增殖以及死亡过程来适应密度制约的途径。研究结果表明：1)羊草种群密度可在不同的构件水平间得到调节。当基株密度得到适当调节后便可减缓构件密度(无性系枝条、根茎芽等)的变化幅度和影响构件的发育进程。2)无性系枝条是羊草种群的主体,常在生长季后期出现大量增长,都处于生长旺盛的幼苗期,为翌年春季的返青积累能量和物质。3)单位面积总生物量随密度增加而提高,虽然尚未出现产量恒值现象,但存活枝条平均单株重(地上生物量)随密度增加呈下降趋势,这已反映出密度制约的作用。4)不同密度下羊草种群的生殖过程表现为：低密度时以无性繁殖为主,根茎芽的存活力较高;高密度时以有性繁殖为主,生殖分配值较大。     

松嫩平原羊草种群营养繁殖的季节动态及其生物量与密度关系的分析

本文根据野外定位定期观测,分析了羊草[Aneurolepidium chinense(Trin.)Kitag.]种群和羊草个体群营养繁殖的特点。结果表明,在整个生长季,羊草能不断地进行营养繁殖。在移植当年,羊草分蘖株个体群的营养繁殖潜力比实生苗个体群的更大,两个实验个体群的数量均符合于逻辑斯谛曲线增长。生殖生长对羊草的营养繁殖有较大的影响。天然割草场上的羊草种群在生物量达最高时期,种群植株的大小受密度的制约,平均单株重量与密度之间遵循-0.6699 幂的规律性变化。综合分析表明,在松嫩平原天然割草场上,羊草种群依靠营养繁殖更新延续、自我调节,但该种群尚未达到环境所能容纳的最大数量。     

松嫩平原两个生态型羊草实验种群对盐碱胁迫的生理响应

采用盆栽实验,对灰绿型和黄绿型两个生态型羊草(Leymus chinensis)在幼苗期分别用不同强度的NaCl、Na2CO3和混合盐碱胁迫,测定其叶片叶绿素含量、电解质外渗率和植株脯氨酸、Na／K等生理指标。结果表明,在3种盐碱胁迫条件下,灰绿型和黄绿型羊草的叶片叶绿素含量、电解质外渗率和植株脯氨酸、Na／K均与胁强之间呈直线y=a+bx变化,达到了显著或极显著水平,两个实验种群均具有耐盐碱能力,叶片叶绿素含量、电解质外渗率和植株脯氨酸、Na／K均有显著或极显著差异,它们在耐盐碱生理特性上已产生了分化,其中,灰绿型的耐盐碱能力强于黄绿型,本文为羊草生态型分化主导生态因子是土壤盐碱所致提供了的生理学证据。     

松嫩平原两个趋异类型羊草无性系种群特征的比较研究

松嫩平原上羊草(Leymus chinensis(Tzvel.)Tzvel.)有两个趋异类型:灰绿型和黄绿型。两个类型羊草的分蘖节一般均存活2～4年,最多可存活5年;根茎一般存活2～3年,最多可存活4年。两个类型无性系种群的分蘖株均为增长型的年龄结构类型。种群根茎的累积长度,灰绿型为18035cm/m~2,黄绿型为21218cm/m~2,其中,均以1、2龄占绝对比重。两个类型均以1龄分蘖株生产力最大,至3龄分蘖株明显减小;各龄根茎的生物量随着年龄的增加呈直线下降;1龄根茎的营养繁殖力甚强,至8月中旬所形成的芽数均已远远多于地上全部分蘖株数;2龄根茎尚存在较小的营养繁殖潜力,3、4龄根茎均已丧失了营养繁殖力。两个类型羊草无性系种群都是通过根茎芽补充更新。     

松嫩平原两种趋异类型羊草对干旱胁迫的生理响应

采用盆栽实验,对灰绿和黄绿两种趋异类型羊草（Leymus chinensis(Trin.)Tzvel.）幼苗期用聚乙二醇（PEG）胁迫进行干旱生理指标测定,结果表明,在干旱胁迫下,灰绿型羊草和黄绿型羊草的电解质外渗率、脯氨酸、植株含水率、植株鲜重、SO4^2-、NO3^-之间均有显著或极显著差异,灰绿型羊草叶片电解质外渗率和叶绿素含量的b值均大于黄绿型羊草,而植株含水率的b值则小于黄绿型羊草,灰绿型羊草脯氨酸含量均大于黄绿型羊草,因子分析表明,脯氨酸是两种趋异类型羊草干旱胁迫生理反应的主要因子,两种趋异类型羊草在生理响应中均体现出耐旱能力,但灰绿型羊草的耐旱能力比黄绿型更强,两种趋异类型羊草在耐旱生理上有明显分化。     

松嫩草地两种趋异型羊草克隆构型特征比较

This paper studied the clonal architecture of two divergent Leyrnus chinensis types (grey-green type and yellowgreen type) in Songnen grassland, and compared their internode length, spacer length, interbranching length, interbranching angle, and ramet population density and height under the same habitat. The results showed that there was no significant difference in these clonal characteristics except spacer length and ramet population density between the two types of L. chinensis, and yellow-green type, with less spacer length and more ramet density than grey-green type, should be more adaptable to the resourceful habitat. Moreover, the V-indices of the clonal architecture of two divergent L. chinensis types were all close to 1, and the difference was not significant. Therefore, both of the two types belonged to typical guerilla clonal plant.     

Genetic Variation and Clonal Diversity of the Two Divergent Types of Clonal Populations of Leymus chinensis Tzvel on the Song Liao Steppe in the West of Northeastern China

The genetic variation and clonal diversity of two divergent types (grey-green and yellow-green) of clonal populations ofLeymus chinensis Tzvel at 14 loci were compared. Total gene diversity (HT) and the coefficient of genetic differentiation (GsT) were all higher for the yellow-green type (HT = 0.270; GsT = 0.186)than for the grey-green type (HT = 0.250; GsT = 0.157) of L. chinensis. Rare alleles usually occurred as heterozygotes rather than homozygotes and significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were found only at a few loci. This indicated that these two types of populations were mainly out-crossing. Clonal diversity, evenness of clones, and mean clone size were not significantly different between the two types.We found that differences between the clone size and genetic variation of the yellow-green type of popula tions occurred with different climate and habitat population groups. However, for the grey-green type of populations, these genetic variations decreased under conditions of different climate and habitat popula tion groups.     

Genetic Variation and Clonal Diversity of the Two Divergent Types of Clonal Populations of Leymus chinensis Tzvel on the Song Liao Steppe in the West of Northeastern China

The genetic variation and clonal diversity of two divergent types (grey-green and yellow-green) of clonal populations of Leymus chinensis Tzvel at 14 loci were compared. Total gene diversity (HT) and the coefficient of genetic differentiation (GST) were all higher for the yellow-green type (HT = 0.270; GST =0.186) than for the grey-green type (HT = 0.250; GST = 0.157) of L. chinensis. Rare alleles usually occurred as heterozygotes rather than homozygotes and significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were found only at a few loci. This indicated that these two types of populations were mainly out-crossing. Clonal diversity, evenness of clones, and mean clone size were not significantly different between the two types. We found that differences between the clone size and genetic variation of the yellow-green type of populations occurred with different climate and habitat population groups. However, for the grey-green type of populations, these genetic variations decreased under conditions of different climate and habitat population groups.     

Difference in capacity of physiological integration between two ecotypes of Leymus chinensis underlies their different performance

Background and aims

Physiological integration can enhance the performance of clonal plants, but whether this differs between ecotypes and whether such difference is underlying their distribution have scarcely been addressed. We aimed to determine whether physiological integration differs between ecotypes and whether an ecotype with a wider distribution shows a greater capacity of physiological integration.

Methods

A garden experiment was conducted with ramet pairs of both ecotypes (grey-green and yellow-green ecotype) of a typical rhizomatous clonal plant, Leymus chinensis, using rhizome connection (connected vs. disconnected) and ecotype as factors. Physiological and biomass features were measured and compared to assess the effects of physiological integration for both ecotypes.

Results

Physiological integration enhanced the maximum net photosynthetic rate, apparent quantum efficiency, respiration rate, water use efficiency, and chlorophyll content of ramets no matter whether they were subject to nutrient-poor or -rich soil, as long as they were connected to other ramets. Moreover, such an effect on photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency was larger for the grey-green ecotype than for the yellow-green ecotype.

Conclusions

The results suggested that grey-green ecotype has significantly greater capacity of physiological integration than yellow-green ecotype, which was assumed to be one of the underlying mechanisms of the wider distribution of the former in nature.     

鼎湖山森林植被主要优势种黄果厚壳桂、厚壳桂生物量及第一性生产力研究

 本文研究鼎湖山森林植被主要优势种黄果厚壳桂和厚壳桂的生物量和第一性生产力。通过野外样地调查,测定2000m2样地中2个种的数量、每木高度和胸高半径,同时砍伐样木,测定2个种各部分的比例,确定它们的相对生长式,进而测定种的各部分的生物量及群落中2个种的生物量;利用红外线CO2分析仪,对2个种三年来的光合速率进行测定,进而估算2个种的光合量和第一性生产力。 本文研究结果表明,黄果厚壳桂和厚壳桂在厚壳桂群落中的生物量干重分别为：39.053t·ha-1和24.092t·ha-1(鲜重分别为68.208t·ha-1和43.733t·ha-1);净第一性生产力分别为2.384t·ha-1·a-1和1.13t·ha-1·a-1。文章对研究结果作进一步的讨论,以揭示2个种在群落中的作用和地位。     

不同地理种群羊草分子水平上生态型分化的研究

将来自内蒙古不同地区及吉林盐碱地的羊草（Ｌｅｙｍｕｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）种子同时栽培于校园,以５个样点（阿旗定位站、西乌旗、谢尔塔拉、吉林）的羊草幼叶为材料,选用２０个随机短引物（１００ｎｔ）进行了ＤＮＡ随机扩增,共计获得１００个多态性片段。所得ＲＡＰＤ数据利用自编的计算机软件进行聚类分析、构建分子进行树,结果表明：定位站和西乌旗遗传距离最近,应为同一生态型;而吉林和谢尔塔拉分属不同生态型;阿旗     

Morphological Constraints of Shoot Demography of a Clonal Plant: Extra- and Intravaginal Tillers of Festuca rubra

Abstract Festuca rubra forms tillers in two different ways: extravaginally and intravaginally. Demography of these two tiller types was observed in seventeen selected tussocks of Festuca rubra s.s. over four growing seasons. Extravaginal tillers were bigger at birth and on the average produced twice as many daughter tillers per tiller. In general, the natality and mortality of extravaginal tillers were less regular than that of intravaginal tillers. Overall tillering rate per tiller was correlated with the density of the surrounding vegetation; mortality, natality and tiller life span were not. High density of the surrounding vegetation did not result in increased formation of extravaginal tillers. The proportion of the extravaginal tillers was not correlated with the density of the F. rubra tussocks. There is no evidence for foraging by extravaginal tillers, but they do act as founders of small clusters of tillers.