后基因组时代生物信息学的发展趋势

介绍生物信息学产生背景、发展过程以及研究现状,讨论了后基因组时代分子生物学的主要研究领域功能基因组学、蛋白质组学、比较基因组学、药物基因组学之间的关系。在分析基因组时代和后基因组时代生物信息学所研究内容的差异基础上．说明了基于分层递阶结构的系统结构、特征分析方法以及相应的软件系统开发将成为生物信息学发展的基本趋势之一。     

人类基因组计划与后基因组时代

2003年4月14日生命科学诞生了一个新的重要里程碑,人类基因组计划完成,后基因组时代正式来临。着重介绍了人类基因组计划的提出、目标与任务、实施与进展等方面的基本情况,讨论了后基因组时代的时间界定,分析展望了后基因组时代与人类基因组计划密切相关的生物信息学、功能基因组学、蛋白质组学、药物基因组学等几个重要研究领域 。     

生物信息学与eQTL作图:问题和展望

阐述生物信息学在基因表达QTL作图中的应用。主要对后基因组时代的研究的新领域——遗传基因组学的概念的提出、研究方向和发展进行论述,同时,就eQTL作图的统计学策略、生物信息学软件工具以及遗传网络构建等方面进行讨论,并对今后遗传基因组学的发展前景进行分析。     

后基因组时代的基因组功能注释

基因组功能注释是后基因组时代功能基因组学研究的热点领域.从基因组功能注释的研究内容与研究手段出发,重点综述了生物信息学在该领域方法学上的研究进展,并展望了今后的发展前景.     

蛋白质组学相关概念与技术及其研究进展

随着后基因组时代的到来,蛋白质组学得到了空前的发展。包括蛋白质组、蛋白质组学、功能蛋白质组学和结构基因组学等新的概念和学科不断涌现,并相应改进和发燕尾服了许多新的技术和研究手段,如双向凝胶电泳、生物质谱、生物传感芯片质谱、蛋白质芯片、和生物信息学等。     

生物信息学本科专业建设现状

随着后基因组时代的到来,生物信息学逐渐进入了黄金发展期。生物信息学教育体系的建立和完善是永葆生物信息学活力的关键。国际和国内的生物信息学本科专业建设情况的分析显示全球生物信息学本科教育均处于起始阶段。深刻剖析了内蒙古自治区生物信息发展的瓶颈问题以及内蒙古科技大学开设生物信息学本科专业的优势和必要性。未来,随着测序技术、计算机技术等的进步,生物信息学将继续蓬勃发展;生物信息学人才的需求将不断扩大。为适应人才市场的需求,预计会有越来越多的高等院校将加入到中国的生物信息学本科教育事业。     

蛋白质组学研究中的新技术

随着后基因组时代的到来,蛋白质组研究日益受到密切关注。蛋白质组学的发展需要有先进的技术平台作支撑。除了蛋白质组研究中的三大核心技术-双向电泳、质谱和生物信息学技术,近几年又不断涌现出许多新技术。本文对同位素标记亲和标签、酵母双杂交、多维色谱—质谱联用等新技术作一概述。     

人类基因组中单核苷酸多态性的检测技术

随着人类基因组测序工作的完成,单核苷酸多态性作为继限制性片段长度多态性和微卫星多态性这2种遗传标记之后的第3代遗传标记,已成为人类后基因组时代的主要研究内容之一。系统地介绍了人类基因组中单核苷酸多态性的传统检测方法、新的方法以及基于生物信息学的方法,并对SNP检测技术的发展进行了展望。     

蛋白质组学分离检测技术研究进展

蛋白质组学是后基因组时代的新兴学科,是当今生命科学领域新的增长点,而其中的分离检测技术则是蛋白质组学得以迅速发展的重要基石。对蛋白质组学中的分离检测技术-双向凝胶电泳、色谱和质谱等技术近几年的发展现状及最新研究进展进行综述,并对本实验室在蛋白质组学方面的研究结合生物信息学的探索进行概述。     

功能基因组学及其研究方法

随着水稻基因组测序工作的完成以及人类基因组计划(HGP)的顺利进行,生命科学的研究已经进入了后基因组时代。对功能基因组学的研究方法进行了综述,主要包括:微阵列、基因表达系列分析、反义RNA和RNAi、基因敲除、基因陷阱、蛋白质组、生物信息学和功能基因组系统学等。     

BioManager: the use of a bioinformatics web application as a teaching tool in undergraduate bioinformatics training

The completion of the human genome project, and other genome sequencing projects, has spearheaded the emergence of the field of bioinformatics. Using computer programs to analyse DNA and protein information has become an important area of life science research and development. While it is not necessary for most life science researchers to develop specialist bioinformatic skills (including software development), basic skills in the application of common bioinformatics software and the effective interpretation of results are increasingly required by all life science researchers. Training in bioinformatics is increasingly occurring within the university system as part of existing undergraduate science and specialist degrees. One difficulty in bioinformatics education is the sheer number of software programs required in order to provide a thorough grounding in the subject to the student. Teaching requires either a well-maintained internal server with all the required software, properly interfacing with student terminals, and with sufficient capacity to handle multiple simultaneous requests, or it requires the individual installation and maintenance of every piece of software on each computer. In both cases, there are difficult issues regarding site maintenance and accessibility. In this article, we discuss the use of BioManager, a web-based bioinformatics application integrating a variety of common bioinformatics tools, for teaching, including its role as the main bioinformatics training tool in some Australian and international universities. We discuss some of the issues with using a bioinformatics resource primarily created for research in an undergraduate teaching environment.     

生物信息学本科人才培养的调研与思考

近年来,生物信息学已经逐步发展成为现代生物学和医学等领域的关键技术方法,社会对生物信息学专业人才的需求不断扩大,生物信息学的本科教育也受到了越来越多的关注和重视。为了探索更加合理的人才培养模式、完善课程设置和教学计划,本文以中美两国开设生物信息学本科专业的高校为对象,分别选取一些代表高校并进行深入调研,对比分析课程设置和人才培养现状。结果显示,生物信息学的跨学科性质在各高校中均得到一定体现,培养学生具有多元化的知识结构已经成为生物信息学人才培养的一项共识。同时,根据调研的结果,也对国内生物信息学本科教育提出一些启发与建议。     

生物信息学

即将到来的21世纪,人类将全面进入生命科学时代和信息时代。生物信息学(Ｂｉｏｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｃｓ)正成为当今备受关注的新型产业的支撑点。生物信息学是以生物大分子(ＤＮＡ和蛋白质)为分析对象,运用数理方法对其进行分析,来理解生物大分子的生物学意义。从国外近年研究进展来看,它已成为崭新的生物工程、医药产业和高科技农业的巨大推动力。有科学家预言,现今的生物科学在信息学的结合和推动下,将会发生一场革....     

鸡基因组研究新进展

鸡基因组测序草图的完成标志着禽类功能基因组时代的到来。鸡不仅是全世界广泛饲养且有重要经济价值的禽类,而且是极具生命科学研究价值的模式动物。因此,鸡基因组测序草图的完成将对遗传育种和生物学研究有重要的影响。本文综述了近年来鸡基因组研究的最新进展,主要内容包括鸡基因组的有关数据、物理图谱、遗传连锁图谱、比较基因组学、序列表达标签、生物信息学等方面所取得的成绩,同时对鸡基因组研究结果的应用前景进行了展望。     

植物基因组表达序列标签(EST)计划研究进展

植物表达序列标签(EST)计划是随机挑选cDNA克隆,并对其3′或5′端进行大规模一次性测序,将得到的150～500 bp长度的DNA片段与数据库中的序列进行比较,获得对基因组结构、组织、表达等认识的基因组研究策略.就近年来国际植物EST计划的实施情况、植物EST计划的研究范围、生物信息学在EST研究中的应用、EST数据库及查询、植物EST研究中遇到的问题等方面内容进行了综述.     

A review of bioinformatics education in the UK

If the completion of the first draft of the human genome represents the coming of age of bioinformatics, then the emergence of bioinformatics as a university degree subject represents its establishment. In this paper bioinformatics as a subject for formal study is discussed, rather than as a subject for research, and a selection of the taught, mainly graduate, courses currently available in the UK are reviewed. Throughout, the author tries to draw parallels between the integration of bioinformatics into biomedical research and teaching today, and that of molecular biology, two decades ago. Others have made this analogy between these two relatively young disciplines. Although research sources are referenced, the author makes no pretence of objectivity. This article contains his opinions, and those of a number of current bioinformatics course organisers whose comments on the subject were solicited in advance specifically for this paper. The course organisers kindly advised how they planned their curricula, and described the special strengths of their programmes. Comments from present and former students of several bioinformatics degree programmes were also solicited. Except where individuals are directly quoted, any opinions expressed herein should be considered the author's. Compared with its sister piece [Marion Zatz, in previous issue of Briefings in Bioinformatics pp. 353], this paper is less about funding policy--which, in the UK, has lately (if belatedly) been more generous towards bioinformatics teaching--than it is about practice and content; the requirements of the bioinformatics research communities, the corresponding emphases of bioinformatics courses, and the general market for holders of bioinformatics degrees. Individual courses are cited throughout as examples, but the final section contains a full annotated listing with URL addresses. Based on the author's own experience of practising and teaching bioinformatics, he describes the skills he believes will be most useful to bioinformaticians in the near future and suggests ways to prepare students of bioinformatics for a fall in demand for those abilities.     

植物功能基因组学研究进展

植物基因组研究已经由以全基因组测序为目标的结构基因组学转向以基因功能鉴定为目标的功能基因组学研究.本简要介绍了植物功能基因组的主要研究方法,如基因表达系列分析法、表达序列标签法、差异表达谱基因芯片法、蛋白质组学分析法以及生物信息学等及其研究现状,并展望了植物功能基因组学的应用前景.     

Software agents in molecular computational biology

Progress made in applying agent systems to molecular computational biology is reviewed and strategies by which to exploit agent technology to greater advantage are investigated. Communities of software agents could play an important role in helping genome scientists design reagents for future research. The advent of genome sequencing in cattle and swine increases the complexity of data analysis required to conduct research in livestock genomics. Databases are always expanding and semantic differences among data are common. Agent platforms have been developed to deal with generic issues such as agent communication, life cycle management and advertisement of services (white and yellow pages). This frees computational biologists from the drudgery of having to re-invent the wheel on these common chores, giving them more time to focus on biology and bioinformatics. Agent platforms that comply with the Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents (FIPA) standards are able to interoperate. In other words, agents developed on different platforms can communicate and cooperate with one another if domain-specific higher-level communication protocol details are agreed upon between different agent developers. Many software agent platforms are peer-to-peer, which means that even if some of the agents and data repositories are temporarily unavailable, a subset of the goals of the system can still be met. Past use of software agents in bioinformatics indicates that an agent approach should prove fruitful. Examination of current problems in bioinformatics indicates that existing agent platforms should be adaptable to novel situations.