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1.
Biology and life history of Dabry's sturgeon, Acipenser dabryanus, in the Yangtze River 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ping Zhuang Fu'en Ke Qiwei Wei Xuefu He Yuji Cen 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》1997,48(1-4):257-264
Dabry's sturgeon, Acipenser dabryanus, is a relatively small (130 cm, 16 kg) and now rare sturgeon restricted to the Yangtze River Basin. It behaves as a resident freshwater fish, does not undertake long distance migrations (except for spawning), and lives in a variety of habitats. It historically spawned in the upper Yangtze River, but the spawning sites are unknown. Acipenser dabryanus reaches maturity earlier than do other Chinese sturgeons, which gives the species aquaculture potential, and artificial spawning has been carried out. However, the native population in the Yangtze has sharply declined in the last two decades due to overfishing, pollution and habitat alteration and destruction, especially since the construction of the Gezhouba Dam, which was built in 1981 across the Yangtze River at Yichang, Hubei Province. Since 1981, Dabry's sturgeon rarely occurs below the Gezhouba Dam because downstream movements are blocked. Clearly, conservation of Dabry's sturgeon must be emphasized. Conservation methods may include protecting habitats, controlling capture and stock replenishment. 相似文献
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中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)及相关种类的mtDNA控制区串联重复序列及其进化意义 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
采用 PCR技术和 DNA测序技术 ,发现了我国一级珍稀保护动物中华鲟 ( Acipensersinensis)线粒体 DNA( mt DNA)的控制区 ( D- loop)存在数目不等的串联重复序列 ,该重复序列造成了中华鲟广泛的异质性现象 .从分子水平进行了不同类型重复序列变化规律的研究 ,同时还初探了重复序列在我国其它几种鲟鱼类的存在情况 ,发现在白鲟 ( Psephurus gladius)、达氏鲟 ( A.dabryanus)和史氏鲟 ( A.schrenckii)均存在类似的重复序列结构 .序列比较分析表明 ,不同鲟鱼类重复序列在鲟鱼类进化过程中扮演着一定的角色 ,很有可能碱基差异大小与它们的亲缘关系的远近呈正相关 . 相似文献
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Wenjing Jiao Peng Zhang Jianbo Chang Jiangping Tao Xiaolin Liao Bin Zhu 《Zeitschrift fur angewandte Ichthyologie》2019,35(3):637-643
The Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) is an anadromous fish inhabiting the Yangtze River. Migration of Chinese sturgeon from the estuary to upper Yangtze River was blocked by Gezhou Dam, completed in 1981, and a new, much smaller, spawning ground was established below the dam. However, Three Gorges Dam began operating in 2003, altering hydrological conditions in the new spawning grounds and the impact on Chinese sturgeon reproduction was severe. The annual survey of Chinese sturgeon shows that both spawning scale and breeding population decreased during this period. To illustrate the impact of Three Gorges Dam on the spawning grounds and reproduction of Chinese sturgeon, the habitat suitability of spawning grounds on spawning day was simulated using River2D. Results show that the area of suitable spawning grounds positively correlates with the scale of reproduction and both have decreased sharply since 2003. 相似文献
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Xin Gao Sebastien Brosse Yongbo Chen Sovan Lek Jianbo Chang 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》2009,86(2):325-336
The numbers of spawning sites for Chinese sturgeon have been drastically reduced since the construction of the Gezhouba Dam
across the Yangtze River. This dam has blocked migration of Chinese sturgeon to their historic spawning ground causing a significant
decline of the Chinese sturgeon population. We conducted a VORTEX population viability analysis to estimate the sustainability
of the population and to quantify the efficiency of current and alternative conservation procedures. The model predicted the
observed decline of Chinese sturgeon, resulting from the effect of the Gezhouba Dam. These simulations demonstrated the potential
interest of two conservation measures: increasing spawning area and reducing predation on sturgeon eggs. The simulations also
demonstrated that the actual restocking program is not sufficient to sustain sturgeon population as the artificial reproduction
program induce the loss of more wild mature adults that the recruitment expected by the artificial reproduction. 相似文献
8.
中华鲟的性腺发育与退化问题研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis) 是我国的一级重点保护野生动物, 也是长江水生动物保护的旗舰物种。近年来, 中华鲟已多次被监测到未进行野外自然繁殖, 其生存前景堪忧。有关其没有繁殖的原因存在多方面的争议, 尤其是黄真理等提出葛洲坝水利枢纽修建造成中华鲟性腺退化严重, 是导致中华鲟种群数量急剧减少的主要因素; 同时, 还宣称“中科院水生所有关否定中华鲟性腺退化的方法和材料, 是不充分和不可靠的”。为了避免该错误观点对中华鲟的保护造成误导, 文章从中华鲟的性腺发育过程及退化的判断标准、中华鲟的生活史阶段及性腺状态、葛洲坝与三峡工程对中华鲟繁殖影响等方面, 分析该观点的谬误之处。柯福恩等将正常发育的中华鲟III期性腺误判为是“退化性腺”; 文章认为刚进入长江不久的中华鲟亲鱼即出现性腺退化, 不符合中华鲟性腺发育的规律。多年监测数据显示, 葛洲坝水利枢纽导致中华鲟洄游距离缩短并没有改变中华鲟繁殖的时间格局, 也没有改变中华鲟性腺成熟的比例。黄真理等歪曲他人实际监测的数据, 提出的洄游距离影响中华鲟性腺发育的模型纯粹是不懂鱼类生物学的人玩弄的数学游戏。尽管现阶段中华鲟的保护确实遇到了困境, 但随着“长江十年禁渔”的实施, 电捕和滚钩等彻底取缔, 限制产卵场区域人类活动, 加强中华鲟野外产卵场的修复, 并进行更大规格、更大规模的群体放流, 中华鲟的种群还是有可能恢复的。 相似文献
9.
Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) is a protected anadromous fish species. The migration pattern of the fish has been blocked by the construction of Gezhouba
Dam, reducing the natural spawning site length to less than 7 km along the Yangtze River. However, the fish has since established
an alternative spawning ground in the narrow reach downstream of Gezhouba Dam. To enhance navigation, a Separation Levee Project
(SLP) was implemented in the new-found spawning habitat of the fish. To therefore evaluate the effect of the SLP on Chinese
sturgeon spawning habitat suitability, the conditions in the spawning habitat were simulated using River2D (a two-dimensional
hydrodynamic model). Two main approaches (habitat kinetic energy and circulation metrics) were used in the simulation. The
study showed that SLP only slightly changed the physical conditions in the spawning habitat. Using hydrodynamic simulation,
the weighted usable area (WUA) before and after the SLP construction was also computed and habitat preference curve developed
for water depth and velocity. On the average, SLP reduced WUA—a finding that was consistent with field-measured data. Based
on WUA, the habitat conditions were more sensitive to SLP proximity than metrics based on velocity gradients. SLP posed detrimental
impacts on the suitability of spawning habitats of Chinese sturgeon. The findings in this study provide further basis for
the protection and restoration of Chinese sturgeon spawning habitats in especially the lower reach of Yangtze River. 相似文献
10.
中华鲟的保护生物学研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
中华鲟是一种洄游性的鲟科鱼类,平时生活于海洋,亲鲟成熟后溯游到江河里繁殖。在长江葛洲坝修筑以前,中华鲟产卵场位于长江上游和金沙江下游江段。60-70年代中期,一些科研单位对上游中华鲟繁殖群体及产卵场等进行了较为全面的调查,撰写出现敢《长江鲟鱼类生物学与人工繁殖研究》,中华鲟的人工繁殖也于1971年产首获成功。葛洲坝枢纽建成以后,中华鲟繁殖群体被阻隔于葛洲坝下游宜昌江段,围绕大坝对中华鲟生存带来的不 相似文献
11.
From 2006 to 2009, 27 ultrasonic-tagged wild adult Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensis [eight males, 19 females; total length (L(T)) range = 245-368 cm] were captured on the spawning ground just downstream of Gezhouba Dam (GZD) in the Yangtze River. Twenty-six individuals were tracked for 7 to 707 days (mean number of relocations = 859; range = 3-4549). Acipenser sinensis movements were divided into four categories: (1) spawning migration, two tagged A. sinensis (one female and one male) returned to the Yangtze River and migrated from the Yangtze Estuary (river kilometer, rkm, 0) to the spawning ground (1678 rkm) between June and October. Their mean upstream ground speed was 1.41 km h(-1) (range = 0.26-2.35 km h(-1) ). The speed of the male was faster than the female; (2) pre-spawning holding, four of five females tagged in November 2008 stayed within 1678.00-1674.15 rkm for c. 1 year before the spawning period; (3) spawning movements, all A. sinensis swam mostly from the tailrace of the GZD (1678 rkm) to the Miaozui (1674.15 rkm) reach and some moved downstream c. 18.21 rkm (range = 3.93-24.64 rkm), but then, returned upstream to the GZD. Most tagged A. sinensis were on the spawning ground on the day when the spawning occurred; (4) post-spawning migration males (n = 6) and females (n = 2) departed the spawning area on a different time schedule, females leaving before males. The mean seaward ground speed of six A. sinensis was 4.87 km h(-1) (range = 0.68-7.60 km h(-1) ). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in ground speeds among reaches or between sexes within reaches between telemetry receivers. These broad spatiotemporal scale results will help establish an effective protection strategy for the species in the Yangtze River. 相似文献
12.
The anadromous Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis), mainly endemic to the Yangtze River in China, is an endangered fish species. The natural population has declined since
the Gezhouba Dam blocked its migratory route to the spawning grounds in 1981. In the near future, the completion of the Three
Gorges Dam, the world's largest hydroelectric project, may further impact this species by altering the water flow of the Yangtze
River. Little is currently known about the population genetic structure of the Chinese sturgeon. In this study, DNA sequence
data were determined from the control region (D-loop) of the mitochondrial genome of adult sturgeons (n = 106) that were collected between 1995–2000. The molecular data were used to investigate genetic variation, effective female
population size and population history of the Chinese sturgeon in the Yangtze River. Our results indicate that the reduction
in abundance did not change genetic variation of the Chinese sturgeon, and that the population underwent an expansion in the
past. AMOVA analysis indicated that 98.7% of the genetic variability occurred within each year's spawning populations, the
year of collection had little influence on the diversity of annual temporary samples. The relative large effective female
population size (N
ef) indicates that good potential exists for the recovery of this species in the future. Strikingly, the ratio of N
ef to the census female population size (N
f) is unusually high (0.77–0.93). This may be the result of a current bottleneck in the population of the Chinese sturgeon
that is likely caused by human intervention.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
The Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis), a kind of maricolous anadromous migratory fish species, is endangered and protected in China. Historical spawning habitats were distributed in the lower reaches of Jinsha River and the upper reaches of Yangtze River. Since the establishment of the Gezhouba water conservancy pivot in 1981, the migratory route of Chinese sturgeon spawning was blocked. Therefore, the fish was forced to propagate in a new spawning ground which was mainly distributed in the 4-km-long mainstream from Gezhouba Dam to Miaozui in the middle Yangtze River. After water storage and power generation of the Three Gorges reservoir (TGR) in 2003, the propagation of Chinese sturgeon has been impacted gradually. According to field surveys, the fish used to spawn twice a year before TGR impoundment, but only once happened after that. Besides, the spawning scale is also declining with each passing year.In order to simulate and evaluate the effect of TGR impoundment on spawning habitats of Chinese sturgeon, with consideration of their reproductive characteristics, an eco-hydrodynamic model was established by coupling a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and a fuzzy fish habitat module based on fuzzy logic inference. Flow fields at the studied site in an impoundment scenario and an assumed no impoundment scenario were simulated with the 2D hydrodynamic model. Afterwards, by linking hydrodynamic conditions to the expert knowledge base, the fuzzy habitat model used fuzzy logic inference to compute habitat suitability of the Chinese sturgeon. In addition, the approach was used to propose a suitable instream flow range during the propagation period for Chinese sturgeon. The results indicated that the suitable instream flow needed for Chinese sturgeon spawning in middle Yangtze River should be between 10,000 m3/s and 17,000 m3/s and it also showed that after TGR was put into pilot impoundment operation at the designed water level of 175 m, the habitat suitability has decreased significantly in October. Besides, the water temperature of spawning habitat increased to a higher level in propagation period due to the impoundment of the TGR. All these alterations have had imposed tremendous impacts on the propagation of Chinese sturgeon. Therefore, adjusting impoundment schedule of the TGR to recover the water flow over spawning habitat in October is a crucial way to improve the habitat suitability. Furthermore, the presented method also provides a theoretical basis for further research on the assessment of habitat suitability of aquatic species at a micro-habitat scale. 相似文献
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Peter B. Adams Churchill Grimes Joseph E. Hightower Steven T. Lindley Mary L. Moser Michael J. Parsley 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》2007,79(3-4):339-356
North American green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris, was petitioned for listing under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The two questions that need to be answered when considering an ESA listing are; (1) Is the entity a species under the ESA and if so (2) is the “species” in danger of extinction or likely to become an endangered species in the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range? Green sturgeon genetic analyses showed strong differentiation between northern and southern populations, and therefore, the species was divided into Northern and Southern Distinct Population Segments (DPSs). The Northern DPS includes populations in the Rogue, Klamath-Trinity, and Eel rivers, while the Southern DPS only includes a single population in the Sacramento River. The principal risk factors for green sturgeon include loss of spawning habitat, harvest, and entrainment. The Northern DPS is not considered to be in danger of extinction or likely to become an endangered species in the foreseeable future. The loss of spawning habitat is not large enough to threaten this DPS, although the Eel River has been severely impacted by sedimentation due to poor land use practices and floods. The two main spawning populations in the Rogue and Klamath-Trinity rivers occupy separate basins reducing the potential for loss of the DPS through catastrophic events. Harvest has been substantially reduced and green sturgeon in this DPS do not face substantial entrainment loss. However there are significant concerns due to lack of information, flow and temperature issues, and habitat degradation. The Southern DPS is considered likely to become an endangered species in the foreseeable future. Green sturgeon in this DPS are concentrated into one spawning area outside of their natural habitat in the Sacramento River, making them vulnerable to catastrophic extinction. Green sturgeon spawning areas have been lost from the area above Shasta Dam on the Sacramento River and Oroville Dam on the Feather River. Entrainment of individuals into water diversion projects is an additional source of risk, and the large decline in numbers of green sturgeon entrained since 1986 causes additional concern. 相似文献
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Andrew Cohen 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》1997,48(1-4):423-426
This paper documents a recent United States Federal prosecution of members of a poaching ring that sold caviar derived from illegally taken Columbia River white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus. Experts estimated that over 2000 adult sturgeon were killed in the process of illegally harvesting the more than 1500 kg of caviar involved in the case. Case studies of illegal activities related to exploitation of natural resources are rare. These crimes are difficult to discover and prosecute, for secrecy is essential, and by the time the facts are publicly available, irreparable environmental damage may have already been done. Sturgeons and paddle-fishes have long life spans but take many years to reach reproductive maturity; they reproduce infrequently and rely upon large, often urban rivers for their spawning migrations. These basic biological characteristics render these fishes especially susceptible to illegal exploitation, particularly when stocks have already been damaged by overfishing, dam construction or pollution (as has the Columbia River population of white sturgeon). Given the often exorbitant prices for sturgeon and paddlefish caviar, and the relative ease of capturing these fishes during their spawning migrations, persons may be tempted to circumvent state and federal regulations designed to protect acipenseriforms. Additionally, those involved in the distribution and sale of caviar can be motivated to fraudulently mislabel the product; for instance, in this case, white sturgeon caviar was marked as beluga caviar and sold at approximately five times the normal price of white sturgeon caviar. Despite the clear evidence of an environmental crime, the scale of the abuse, and the convictions, sentencing was light, a discouraging sign for those who hope to limit such destructive crimes in the future. 相似文献
16.
Kurtis Brown 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》2007,79(3-4):297-303
This study reports the only direct evidence of spawning of green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris, in the upper Sacramento River, CA. Two green sturgeon eggs were collected with substrate mats immediately below Red Bluff
Diversion Dam. One green sturgeon larva was collected with a larval net at Bend Bridge. We concluded that green sturgeon spawn
in the upper Sacramento River, both above and below RBDD. Temperature ranges in the study area (10–15°C) are similar to conditions
used in successful artificial rearing of green sturgeon and do not appear to be a limiting factor to successful spawning of
green sturgeon; however, suitable habitat upstream of RBDD is inaccessible when dam gates are lowered. 相似文献
17.
General biological characteristics and the contemporary status of the kaluga, Huso dauricus, and Amur sturgeon, Acipenser schrenckii, are described. Both inhabit the Amur River basin. Kaluga is the largest freshwater fish in this river system reaching more than 5.6 m in length and more than 1000 kg in weight. We recognize four populations of kaluga: the first is from the estuary of the Amur River and coastal brackish waters of the Sea of Okhotsk and Sea of Japan, the second is from the lower Amur River, the third is from the middle-Amur, and the fourth occurs in lower reaches of the Zeya and Bureya rivers. Freshwater and brackish water morphs exist in the estuary population, with the freshwater morph predominating in number. The number of individuals in the lower Amur River population at age 2 or greater was recently estimated to be 40 000, and in the middle Amur, 30 000. The population will continue to decline because of rampant overfishing. The Amur sturgeon is represented in the Amur River basin by two morphs: brown and gray. Brown morphs occur in the middle and lower parts of the Amur River; they grow more slowly than the gray ones. Today, the lower Amur River population of Amur sturgeon is made up of 95 000 fish at age 2 or greater and is approximately half as large as the population in the middle Amur River. Populations of kaluga and Amur sturgeon in the Zeya and Bureya rivers are extremely small and on the verge of extinction. 相似文献
18.
试验采用室内噪声控制的方式模拟野外自然噪声环境, 以长江鲟(Acipenser dabryanus Dumeril)幼鱼为实验对象, 使用TDT听觉测试系统, 在100—500 Hz的刺激频率下, 通过听性脑干反应(Auditory Evoked Potential, AEP法)测定其听力阈值。结果显示, 长江鲟的最敏感频率为300 Hz, 声压为(133±0.5) dB, 听力曲线呈“V”型, 听觉阈值随着频率的不同而发生变化。总体看, 长江鲟听觉阈值较高, 听力较弱, 不能听到500 Hz以上的声音, 其中, 长江鲟的听觉阈值与湖鲟和匙吻鲟等鲟鱼类基本相似, 但比长江中常见的淡水鱼类的听觉阈值高、听频范围窄。研究结果将为长江鲟的野外放归和种群重建提供重要基础资料, 为评价涉渔工程建设运行对长江鱼类的影响提供基础数据支撑。 相似文献
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Mature green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris, enter rivers along the western coast of North America in late winter to late spring and migrate upriver to spawning sites. After spawning, they may leave the river or spend the summer and autumn holding in deep pools before departing from the river with the onset of winter rains. Evidence exists that the seasonal Red Bluff Diversion Dam (RBDD) was an obstacle to the upriver migration of green sturgeon in the Sacramento River in Central California. We compared the migratory movements of green sturgeon under three different dam operation schedules, including post‐decommissioning, to assess the impact of this management action. The proportion of green sturgeon carrying acoustic transmitters that moved above the RBDD was higher when the gates were closed on June 15, one month later than the historical closure date of May 15, and increased again after the dam was decommissioned. The application of statistical analyses (generalized linear and additive mixed models) to the detection records of green sturgeon highlighted an improvement in connectivity after dam decommissioning. The data also indicate that interannual variation in river condition is an important driver of sturgeon presence on the spawning grounds. 相似文献
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中华鲟人工繁殖放流现状评价 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
1984-1998年,在长江葛洲坝水利枢纽下游江段,中国集团公司中华鲟研究所共捕捞663尾中华鲟亲鱼用于人工繁殖。各年的捕捞量变动在31—60尾之间。实际用于人工催产的亲鱼年利用率变动在3.1—91.7%之间。平均28.4%。催产卵的年受精率变动在0—85.0%之间,平均66.5%。年人工孵化鲟苗量变动在5—151.9万尾之间,平均54.3万尾。历年合计向长江放流初孵鲟苗4258万尾、幼鲟6.28万尾。经过多年的实践,中华鲟的人工催产,幼鲟孵化、培育和放流等方面的技术已经发展成熟。 相似文献