Extra-Intestinal Stages of Isospora felis and I. rivolta (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) in Cats*

SYNOPSIS. Evidence is presented that Isospora felis and I. rivolta invade the extra-intestinal tissues of cats. Kittens were fed sporocysts of I. felis and I. rivolta. At specific intervals the kittens were killed and suspensions of extra-intestinal tissues were fed to indicator kittens less than a day old. Oocyst production by the indicator kittens within the regular prepatent period was taken as evidence that coccidian stages were present in the inoculum consisting of extra-intestinal tissues of cats. Tissues of kittens infected with I. felis for 5–104 days were infectious to newborn kittens as follows: liver and spleen mixture 3 out of 5 times, mesenteric lymph nodes 4 out of 4 times, brain and muscle mixture 1 out of 5 times, lungs 1 out of 5 times. The prepatent period in kittens consuming oocysts of I. felis was 7-11 days; after consuming extra-intestinal tissues of kittens it was 4–8 days. Distinct coccidian stages unlike those present in the gut were found singly and in groups of 2–15 in lymphoreticular cells of mesenteric lymph nodes of 2 kittens infected for 2–4 days. Tissues of kittens infected with I. rivolta for 5–21 days were infectious to newborn kittens as follows: liver and spleen mixture 3 out of 5 times, mesenteric lymph nodes 1 out of 5 times, brain, muscle and lung mixture none of 5 times. The prepatent period in kittens consuming oocysts of I. rivolta or extra-intestinal tissues of cats was 5–7 days. Coccidian stages occurred singly or in pairs, intracellularly or free in the mesenteric lymph nodes of 3 out of 10 kittens infected for 1–8 days.     

Life Cycle of Isospora rivolta (Grassi, 1879) in Cats and Mice*

SYNOPSIS. The endogenous development of Isospora rivolta (Grassi) was studied in cats fed oocysts, and was compared with the endogenous cycle after feeding them mice infected with I. rivolta. For the mouse-induced cycle, 14 newborn cats were killed 12 to 240 h after having been fed mesenteric lymph nodes and spleens of mice. Asexual and sexual development occurred throughout the small intestine, in epithelial cells of the villi and glands of Lieberkuhn. The number of asexual generations was not determined with certainty, but there were at least 3 structurally different meronts. Type I meronts appeared at 12–48 h postinoculation (HPI). They were 8.5(6–13) × 5.1(3–6) μm, contained 2–8 merozoites, and divide by binary division or endodyogeny. Type II meronts were multinucleate merozoite-shaped meronts within a single parasitophorous vacuole. They were found at 48–172 HPI and measured 12.6(9–18) × 9.8(9–13) μm. Individual multinucleate merozoite-shaped meronts were 7–13 × 3–5 μm in sections and contained 2–30 slender (5.5 × 1.0 μm) merozoites. Type III meronts occurred at 72–192 HPI and gamonts at 72–96 HPI. Mature microgamonts measured 11.3(9–15) × 8.0(6–9) μm in sections and up to 21.5 × 14 μm in smears, and contained up to 70 microgametes. Macrogamonts measured 13.3(11–18) × 9.0(5–13) μm in sections and 18 × 16 μm in smears. Oocysts were 10–15 × 9–15 μm in sections and 19.8(17–24) × 18.0(17–23) μm in fixed and stained smears. Unsporulated oocysts in feces were 22.3(18–25) × 19.7(16–23) μm and spomlated oocysts 25.4(23–29) × 23.4(20–26) μm. Sporulation was completed within 24 h at 22–26 C. For the study of the oocyst-induced cycle in cats, 18 newborn cats were killed between 6 and 192 HPI. The endogenous development was essentially similar to the mouse-induced cycle, but merogony and gametogony occurred 12–48 h later than in the latter cycle. Isospora rivolta was pathogenic for newborn but not for weaned cats. Newborn cats fed 10⁵ sporocysts or infected mice usually developed diarrhea 3–4 days after inoculation. Microscopically, desquamation of the tips of the villi and cryptitis were seen in the ilium and cecum in association with meronts and gamonts. For the study of the development of I. rivolta in mice, mice were killed from day 1 to 23 months after having been fed 10⁵–10⁵ sporocysts, and their tissues were examined for the parasites microscopically, and by feeding to cats. The following conclusions were drawn. (A) Isospora rivolta most frequently invaded the mesenteric lymph nodes of mice and remained there for 23 months at least. It also invaded the spleen, liver, and skeletal muscles of mice. This species could not be passed from mouse to mouse. Sporozoites increased in size from ?6.8 × 4.9 μm on day 1 to ?13.4 × 6.9 μm on day 31 postinoculation. Division was not seen. Prepatent period was 4–7 days and patent periods ranged from 2 to several weeks.     

Effect of Immunization of Cats with Isospora felis and BCG on Immunity to Reexcretion of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts*

SYNOPSIS. The effect of pretreatment with Isospora felis and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) on the reexcretion of Toxoplasma gondii occysts was studied in 16 coccidia-free cats. The following conclusions were drawn: (A) Chronically T. gondii-infected cats reexcreted T. gondii oocysts after superinfection with I. felis, and this reexcretion was prevented in cats infected with I. felis before T. gondii infection. (B) Administration of BCG before Toxoplasma infection had no apparent effect on the outcome of the infection.     

Life Cycles of Two Isospora Species in the Canary,Serinus canarius Linnaeus*

SYNOPSIS. The endogenous stages of Isospora serini Aragão and Isospora canaria Box are described from experimentally infected canaries, Serinus canarius Linnaeus. Unlike other Coccidia, the first part of the I. serini life cycle takes place in mono-nuclear phagocytes. Five asexual generations are described from this cell type; 2 additional asexual generations and the sexual stages take place in the intestinal epithelium. Isospora canaria, on the other hand, has a conventional coccidian life cycle in that all of the endogenous stages are in the epithelium of the small intestine, with 3 asexual generations and the sexual generation described in the duodenal epithelium. The 2 species differ in their position relative to the nucleus of the intestinal epithelial cell. Isospora serini is usually on the lumenal side of the nucleus while I. canaria is below the nucleus, toward the basement membrane. The prepatent period is 4–5 days for I. canaria and 9–10 days for I. serini. Patency lasts for 11–13 days in I. canaria infections, but duration of oocyst output is more chronic in I. serini infections, persisting for as long as 231 days. Both species have a diurnal periodicity of oocyst discharge which occurs in late afternoon and evening.     

Isospora vulpina Nieschulz and Bos, 1933: Description,and Transmission from the Fox (Vulpes vulpes) to the Dog*†

SYNOPSIS. Oocysts of Isospora vulpina were found in silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) on a fox farm in Wisconsin. They were 29.7 (25-38) × 24.3 (21-32) μm. The sporocysts were 17.7 (15–23) × 13 (11–16) μm. Five coccidia-free puppies were inoculated with 22,000–42,000 oocysts each of I. vulpina from the fox: a patent infection resulted after 6-7 days. The infection was then transferred from 1 of these dogs to another coccidia-free puppy. After a 7-day prepatent period the puppy passed oocysts for 7 days.     

Extraintestinal stages fo Isospora ohioensis from dogs in mice

The development of Isospora ohioensis was studied in mice by feeding tissues of mice inoculated with oocysts to coccidia-free dogs and by the examination of mesenteric lymph nodes using light and electron microscopes. Extraintestinal organs of mice became infectious to dogs within 1 day after ingesting oocysts and remained infectious for at least 211 days after inoculation (DAI). Isospora ohioensis sporozoites were found in lymphoreticular cells of mesenteric lymph nodes of mice from 1-374 DAI. Intracellular sporozoites were located in parasitophorous vacuoles. Sporozoites grew from 5--6 to 11--16 micron in length on the 39th DAI but never lost the 2 crytalloid bodies typical for coccidian sporozoites. PAS-positive granules accumulated gradually in intracellular sporozoites with duration of infection in mice. The appearance of parasitophorous vacuoles varied with duration of infection. Beginning with 7 DAI, the vacuole contained a marginal zone of electron-dense material (up to 0.8 micron wide), giving the appearance of a cyst wall or sheath under the light microscope; a true cyst wall was was not found.     

Life Cycle of Isospora canis Nemeséri, 1959 in the Dog*

The life cycle of I. canis Nemeséri, 1959 was studied in experimentally infected dogs. Freshly sporulated oocysts were ovoid and 34–40 × 28–32 μm. The endogenous stages were found directly beneath the epithelium of the distal portion of the small intestinal villi. Most of the endogenous stages were in the lower 1/3 of the small intestine, but occasionally they were found in other portions of the small intestine. Three asexual generations were present. First-generation schizonts were 16–38 × 11–23 μm and contained 4–24 merozoites; mature 1st-generation merozoites were 8–11 × 3–5 μm. First-generation schizogony lasted up to 7 days after inoculation. Second-generation schizonts were 12–18 × 8–13 μm and contained up to 12 merozoites which were 11–13 × 3–5 μm. Second-generation schizogony was present on postinoculation days 6 and 7. Third-generation schizonts were formed by nuclear division of 2nd-generation merozoites. Most 2nd-generation merozoites underwent nuclear division without leaving the parasitophorous vacuole of the 2nd-generation schizont. Mature 3rd-generation schizonts were 13–38 × 8–24 μm and contained 6–72 merozoites. Third-generation merozoites were 8–13 × 1–3 μm. Third-generation schizogony was present on days 6–8 after inoculation. Mature macrogametes were 22–29 × 14–23 μm. Mature microgametocytes were 20–38 × 14–26 μm. Gametes were present on postinoculation days 7–10. Oocysts were present in tissue sections on postinoculation days 8–10 and 12. The prepatent period was 9–11 days.     

Life cycle of Isospora rivolta (Grassi, 1879) in cats and mice

The endogenous development of Isospora rivolta (Grassi) was studied in cats fed oocysts, and was compared with the endogenous cycle after feeding them mice infected with I. rivolta. For the mouse-induced cycle, 14 newborn cats were killed 12 to 240 h after having been fed mesenteric lymph nodes and spleens ofmice. Asexual and sexual development occurred throughout the small intestine, in epithelial cells of the villi and glands of Lieberkühn. The number of asexual generations was not determined with certainty, but there were at least 3 structurally different meronts. Type I meronts appeared at 12-48 h postinoculation (HPT). They were 8.5(6-13) x 5.1(3-6) micrometer, contained 2-8 merozoites, and divide by binary division or endodyogeny. Type II meronts were multinucleate merozoite-shaped meronts within a single parasitophorous vacuole. They were found at 48-172 HPI and measured 12.6(9-18) x 9.8(9-13) micrometer. Individual multinucleate merozoite-shaped meronts were 7-13 x 3-5 micrometer in sections and contained 2-30 slender (5.5 x 1.0 micrometer) merozoites. Type III meronts occurred at 72-192 HPI and gamonts at 72-96 HPI. Mature microgamonts measured 11.3(9-15) x 8.0(6-9) micrometer in sections and up to 21.5 x 14 micrometer in smears, and contained up to 70 microgametes. Macrogamonts measured 13.3(11-18) x 9.0(5-13) micrometer in sections and 18 x 16 micrometer in smears, and contained up to 70 microgametes. Macrogamonts measured 13.3(11-18) x 9.0(5-13) micrometer. Sporulation was completed within 24 h at 22-26 C. For the study of the oocyst-induced cycle in cats, 18 newborn cats were killed between 6 and 192 HPI. The endogenous development was essentially similar to the mouse-induced cycle, but merogony and gametogony occurred 12-48 h later than in the latter cycle. Isospora rivolta was pathogenic for newborn but not for weaned cats. Newborn cats fed 10(6) sporocysts or infected mice usually developed diarrhea 3-4 days after inoculation. Microscopically, desquamation of the tips of the villi and cryptitis were seen in the ilium and cecum in association with meronts and gamonts. For the study of the development of I. rivolta in mice, mice were killed from day 1 to 23 months after having been fed 10(5)-10(6) sporocysts, and their tissues were examined for the parasites microscopically, and by feeding to cats. The following conclusions were drawn. (A) Isospora rivolta most freqeuntly invaded the mesenteric lymph nodes ofmice and remained there for 23 months at least. Ii also invaded the spleen, liver, and skeletal muscles of mice. This species could not be passed from mouse to mouse. Sporozoites increased in size from approximately 6.8 x 4.9 micrometer on day 1 to approximately 13.4 x 6.9 micrometer on day 31 postinoculation. Division was not seen. Prepatent period was 4-7 days and patent periods ranged from 2 to several weeks.     

Isospora Species of the Cat and Attempted Transmission of I. felis Wenyon, 1923 from the Cat to the Dog*

SYNOPSIS Fecal samples from 130 domestic cats from Illinois were examined for coccidia. Three species of Isospora were found: (1) I. felis Wenyon, 1923, with oocysts 38-51 by 27-39 μ with a mean of 41.6 by 30.5 μ and sporocysts 20-26 by 17-22 μ with a mean of 22.6 by 18.4 μ; it was found in 13% of the cats; (2) I. rivolta (Grassi, 1879) Wenyon, 1923, with oocysts 21-28 by 18-23 μ with a mean of 25.0 by 21.1 μ, and sporocysts 14-16 by 10-13 μ with a mean of 15.2 by 11.6 μ; it was found in 3% of the cats; and (3) I. bigemina (Stiles, 1891) Lühe, 1906, with oocysts 12-15 by 10-13 μ with a mean of 13.2 by 11.8 μ. and sporocysts 8-10 by 6-8 μ with a mean of 8.8 by 6.5 μ it was found in 1.5% of the cats. Four coccidia-free puppies 1.5 months old were inoculated with 100,000 oocysts each of I. felis from the cat, but patent infections did not occur. Partial development of I. felis was not seen in tissue sections of the small intestine of a 5th pup killed 96 hours after inoculation with 150,000 I. felis oocysts. This coccidium is therefore presumably host-specific.     

Coccidian-like Nature of Toxoplasma gondii

Specific pathogen-free domestic cats were fed with tissue cysts containing Toxoplasma gondii. In two infected cats large numbers of oocysts were produced in the faeces; no oocysts were observed in the faeces of the uninfected control cat. Five days after the feeding of the toxoplasms profuse schizogonic and gametogonic stages were observed in the epithelial cells of the small intestine of one infected cat. A single schizont was observed in an intestinal epithelial cell of a second cat six days after being fed the tissue cysts. There was no evidence of schizogony or gametogony in the uninfected control cat. The stages observed in the intestinal epithelium are identical with those of the well-known endogenous cycles of coccidian parasites. The appearance of these stages, together with the nature of the oocyst, indicates that T. gondii is a coccidian parasite closely related to the genus Isospora.     

Feline Toxoplasmosis from Acutely Infected Mice and the Development of Toxoplasma Cysts*

SYNOPSIS. The development of Toxoplasma cysts was studied in mice inoculated with tachyzoites by several routes. After 1–30 days of infection, murine tissues were examined microscopically, and portions or whole carcasses were fed to mice and cats. The feces of the cats were examined for oocyst shedding. Cyst-like structures containing distinct PAS-positive granules were first seen after 3 days of infection with tachyzoites, and became numerous by 6 days. Argyrophilic walls were first seen after 6 days, and became numerous by 16 days of infection with tachyzoites. Prepatent periods to oocyst shedding (PPO) were either “short” (3–10 days) or “long” (19–48 days). The “short” PPO was found only in cats that had ingested mice infected for 3 days or longer, and was related to the development of PAS-positive granules in T. gondii, and to high, 60–100%, oral infectivity rates for cats. The “long” PPO followed the ingestion of mice infected for only 1–2 days, and was related to tachyzoites without distinct PAS-positive granules and low, 32% or less, infectivity for cats. The “long” PPO followed also the ingestion of oocysts and the parenteral inoculation of tachyzoites, bradyzoites, or sporozoites. Using the “short” PPO as a criterion for detecting cysts in tissues, it was shown that (a) numerous cysts developed in mice 5 days after inoculation with tachyzoites, 7–9 days after inoculation with cysts, and 9–10 days after inoculation with oocysts, and (b) cysts developed faster and more frequently in the brain and muscle than in lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys of mice inoculated with tachyzoites.     

Isospora atrata N. Sp. (Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae): a New Coccidium Isolated from Carduelis atrata (Passeriformes, Fringillidae)

ABSTRACT Large numbers of coccidian oocysts belonging to the genus Isospora were obtained from the intestinal contents of 98 Carduelis atrata imported into Italy from South America during the months of August through December 1994. The oocysts are sub-spherical and average 21 × 20.3 μm (19.4–23.5 μm × 18.5–22 μm), have a bilayered wall, and an oval polar granule (rarely two). The sporocysts are elliptical and measure 18.8 μm × 10.3 μm (17.5–18.94 μm × 9.5–11.0 μm). The Stieda body protrudes slightly from the end of the sporocyst. A large sporocyst residuum is present, consisting of many granules that may be in a compact mass or scattered. Since this Isospora sp.does not resemble any other species of Isospora previously described from birds of the genus Carduelis , it has been named Isospora atrata n. sp. after the host. Disseminated asexual stages were found in mononuclear cells derived from formalin-fixed post mortem material, suggesting this coccidian may represent an Atoxoplasma -like parasite. Four coccidia-free Serinus canarius L. cohabitated for a long period (4 mo) with infected C. atrata but oocysts were never found in the stool of these birds.     

Exogenous Stages of Isospora serini (Aragão) and Isospora canaria sp. n. in the canary (serinus canarius Linnaeus)*

Exogenous stages of Isospora serini (Aragão) and Isospora canaria sp. n. from the canary (Serinus canarius Linnaeus) are described. Oocysts of I. serini are spheroid and average 19.2 × 20.1 μ m, while those of I. canaria are larger, more ellipsoid, and average 21.8 × 24.6 μ m. No oocyst residuum is present and the oocyst walls of both species are colorless, transparent, and single layered. Sporocysts average 9.4 × 15.2 μ m for I. serini and 11.5 × 18.1 μ m for I. canaria. The I. canaria sporocyst has a substiedal body, but none was found in I. serini sporocysts. Both species have a spherical sporocyst residuum; this was obscured in the I. serini sporocyst by scattered granules. Living sporozoites of I. canaria average 3.6 × 16.9 μ m and have 1 to 3 refractile globules; those of I. serini have 2 globules and average 2.8 × 12.6 μ m. A disseminated infection of the mononuclear phagocytes results from administration of I. serini while I. canaria oocysts give rise to a typical coccidian infection restricted to the intestinal epithelium. Asexual stages of I. serini in macrophages are indistinguishable from parasites previously called avian Toxoplasma, Atoxoplasma, and Lankesterella.     

Life Cycle of Cystoisospora felis (Coccidia: Apicomplexa) in Cats and Mice

Cystoisospora felis is a ubiquitous apicomplexan protozoon of cats. The endogenous development of C. felis was studied in cats after feeding them infected mice. For this, five newborn cats were killed at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h after having been fed mesenteric lymph nodes and spleens of mice that were inoculated with C. felis sporulated sporocysts. Asexual and sexual development occurred in enterocytes throughout the villi of the small intestine. The number of asexual generations was not determined with certainty, but there were different sized merozoites. At 24 h, merogony was seen only in the duodenum and the jejunum. Beginning at 48 h, the entire small intestine was parasitized. At 24 h, meronts contained 1–4 zoites, and at 48 h up to 12 zoites. Beginning with 72 h, the ileum was more heavily parasitized than the jejunum. At 96 and 120 h, meronts contained many zoites in various stages of development; some divided by endodyogeny. The multiplication was asynchronous, thus both immature multinucleated meronts and mature merozoites were seen in the same parasitophorous vacuole. Gametogony occurred between 96 and 120 h, and oocysts were present at 120 h. For the study of the development of C. felis in murine tissues, mice were killed from day 1 to 720 d after having been fed 10⁵ sporocysts, and their tissues were examined for the parasites microscopically, and by bioassay in cats. The following conclusions were drawn. (1) Cystoisospora felis most frequently invaded the mesenteric lymph nodes of mice and remained there for at least 23 mo. (2) It also invaded the spleen, liver, brain, lung, and skeletal muscle of mice, but division was not seen based on microscopical examination. (3) This species could not be passed from mouse to mouse.     

Tachyzoite-induced life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii in cats

The tachyzoite-induced cycle of Toxoplasma gondii was studied in 46 cats. Tachyzoites of the M-7741 or Me-49 strain of T. gondii were administered orally to cats by pouring into the mouth or by stomach tube, or by intraintestinal inoculation. Ten weaned cats that had been inoculated with tachyzoites directly in the intestine were killed 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, or 25 days later, and their tissues were studied histologically and bioassayed in mice. Toxoplasma gondii was demonstrable in the blood of 8 cats and in other tissues of all these 10. Four out of five 1- to 8-day-old cats fed tachyzoites by stomach tube became infected with T. gondii, and 1 became ill because of toxoplasmosis. All 19 weaned cats fed tachyzoites (poured into the mouth) became infected, and 6 died of acute toxoplasmosis 9-15 days after being fed T. gondii. Six out of 12 weaned cats fed tachyzoites by stomach tube became infected but were asymptomatic. Overall, 12 out of 26 cats observed for 19 days or more shed oocysts with a prepatent period (pp) of 19 days or more, with the sole exception of 1 cat that shed oocysts with a pp of 5 days. Enteroepithelial stages of T. gondii were not found in any cat before oocysts were shed. Cats shed up to 360 million oocysts in a day, and oocysts were shed for 4-6 days.     

东北虎源等孢球虫的发现

对东北虎粪便进行虫卵检查,分离获得了自然感染的球虫卵囊。对球虫卵囊的形态和经培养发育后的各阶段的卵囊形态进行了观察。东北虎源球虫卵囊符合等孢属球虫的形态学特征。根据Genbank 上发表的猫等孢球虫18S rDNA 序列(L74671)设计一对特异性引物,利用PCR 技术对东北虎源球虫的18S rDNA 进行了扩增。扩增得到一段360 bp 的DNA 片段,并对该片段进行了序列测定。测序结果和其它17 种原虫的相应序列进行序列同源性比较分析,分析显示东北虎源球虫和其它等孢属球虫单独聚为一类。结合对东北虎源球虫的卵囊形态、卵囊发育情况及序列分析结果,确定其为等孢属球虫。      

The Coccidian Caryospora bubonis in the Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)1

The life cycle of Caryospora bubonis was studied in the Great Horned Owl. Owls fed sporulated oocysts became patent on days 8–13, and peak oocyst production occurred between days 14 and 18. Owls fed infected mice became patent on days 8–10, and peak oocyst production occurred between days 9 and 13. The reduction in length of the life cycle in owls fed infected mice provides evidence that both indirect and direct life cycles can occur in this species and suggests that parallels exist in the lives of various isosporid, eimeriid, and other coccidia that may not have been sufficiently appreciated in the past.     

Two New Species of Isospora from the Desert Skink (Chalchides ocellatus) from the Egyptian Desert

Isospora chalchidis n. sp. and Isospora eimanae n. sp. were isolated from the desert skink, Chalchides ocellatus , order Squamata, from Egypt. Sporulated oocysts of I. chalchidis n. sp. were spheroidal 19 × 19 (18–20.5 × 18–20.5) μm with a 2–layered walled. Oocysts lacked a micropyle and residuum and few polar granules were present. Sporocysts were lemon-shaped 12.2 × 6.5 (9.5–13 × 5–8) μm with a Stieda body and sporocyst residuum but without a substiedal body. Isospora eimanae n. sp. were spheroidal 18.5 × 18.5 (17–19.5 × 17–19.5) μm with a 2–layered wall. There were oocysts without residuum or polar granule, but with small micropyle at 1 end. Sporocysts were ovoid 12 × 8.5(11–13 × 7.5–9) μm with a small Stieda body and sporocyst residuum but without a substiedal body.     

Sporogony of the Oocysts of Isospora felis Wenyon, 1923 from the Cat*

SYNOPSIS Sporogony of oocysts of Isospora felis from the cat was studied by observing the individual oocysts. Unsporulated oocysts were passed with the fresh feces. The sporont divided into 2 ball-like sporoblasts which elongated and changed into sporocysts each of which 4 sporozoites then formed. All of the sporulating oocysts completed sporulation at 20 C in 40 hr, at 25 C in 24 hr, at 30 C in 12 hr, and at 38 C in 8 hr. The percentages of oocysts which sporulated at 20, 25, 30 and 38 C were 96, 95, 95 and 95 respectively. No sporulation occurred at 45 C and 50 C when oocysts were incubated for 4 hr. These oocysts evidently died because, on reincubation at 30 C for 4 hr, they failed to develop.     

Coccidian Parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from Insectivores. IV. Four New Species in Talpa europaea from England1

ABSTRACT. Moles from England were examined for coccidian oocysts and all 64 Talpa europaea were infected; of 64 infected hosts, 56 (88%) had multiple infections representing two to six coccidian species when examined. Oocysts in 31 of the 64 samples remained unsporulated. Three eimerians and one isosporan were studied from the 33 fecal samples that had sporulated oocysts and these are described as new species; Cyclospora talpae Pellérdy & Tanyi, 1968, and Isospora sofiae (Golemansky, 1978) Levine & Ivens, 1979, are redescribed; and Cyclospora sp., similar to C. talpae, is discussed. Sporulated oocysts of C. talpae are ellipsoidal, 14.3 × 9.6 (12–19 × 6–13) μm with sporocysts ovoid, 9.4 × 5.7 (6–13 × 4–8) μm; it was found in 21 of the 33 (63.6%) sporulated samples. Sporulated oocysts of Cyclospora sp. are subspheroidal to ellipsoidal, 12.5 × 8.9 (10–14 × 6–12) μm with sporocysts ovoid, 8.6 × 5.3 (6–10 × 4–6) μm; it was found in 21 of the 33 (63.6%) sporulated samples. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria avonensis n. sp. are elongate-ellipsoidal, 15.0 × 9.6 (13–20 × 7–12) μm with sporocysts ovoid, 6.6 × 3.6 (5–9 × 3–7) μm; it was found in 15 of the 33 (45.5%) sporulated samples. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria berea n. sp. are subspheroidal, 12.1 × 10.5 (10–15 × 8–14) μm with sporocysts ovoid, 6.3 × 3.9 (5–10 × 2–5) μm; it was found in 8 of the 33 (24.2%) sporulated samples. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria globula n. sp. are spheroidal, 20.9 × 19.9 (19–24 × 17–21) μm with sporocysts elongate-ovoid, 11.5 × 6.9 (9–16 × 6–9) μm; it was found in 3 of the 33 (9.1%) sporulated samples. Sporulated oocysts of Isospora sporopointaea n. sp. are subellipsoidal to ellipsoidal, 17.1 × 11.4 (13–21 × 8–14) μm with sporocysts ellipsoidal with both ends pointed, 11.9 × 5.9 (9–16 × 4–8) μm; it was found in 27 of the 33 (81.8%) sporulated samples. Sporulated oocysts of I. sofiae are spheroidal to subspheroidal, 12.2 × 11.0 (9–16 × 8–15) μm with sporocysts ovoid, 9.1 × 5.2 (6–13 × 3–8) μm; it was found in 25 of the 33 (75.8%) sporulated samples. To date, the coccidian parasites of talpids include two cyclosporans, 12 eimerians, and six isosporans, exclusive of the four new species described here.