退田还湖后洞庭湖区土壤颗粒组成和化学特性的变化

土壤质量变化的长期动态监测是评价"退田还湖"工程实施后生态学效应的重要组成部分.选取洞庭湖区3种不同退田还湖模式(自然恢复、种植芦苇和种植杨树)下的典型"双退"区(青山垸、官垸和小集成)为对象,通过与相邻堤垸农田生态系统土壤物理性质和化学性质的比较,揭示退田还湖后土壤生态特征的变化及其成因.研究发现,以种植杨树作为湿地恢复模式的小集成样地促进了粘粒和粉粒的形成,并能快速累积有机质、全磷、全钾;以种植芦苇为恢复方式的官垸样地中,由于经常受洪水影响而使土壤物理性质有向自然生态系统转化的趋势,同时土壤有机质含量有所下降,而全磷含量增加;以恢复自然湖泊为方式的青山垸样地中,土壤物理特性和全量元素含量无明显变化.研究认为优势物种的生物学特性和自然过程的强弱等是造成洞庭湖"退田还湖"系统中土壤颗粒组成和化学性质发生变化的主要原因.     

洞庭湖区退田还湖后不同恢复模式下土壤酶活性的变化

以洞庭湖区退田还湖后不同恢复模式下(恢复自然水域、种植芦苇、种植杨树)的典型堤垸（青山垸、官垸和小集成）为研究对象,通过与相邻堤垸农田生态系统（水田、旱田）土壤中蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性的比较,揭示不同退田还湖模式下土壤酶活性的变化及其与土壤化学特性的相关关系.结果表明：与水田、旱田相比,在表层土壤中,以种植杨树为恢复方式的小集成样地的过氧化氢酶活性显著增加,其他酶活性无显著变化;以种植芦苇为恢复方式的官垸样地的蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性有所下降,其他酶活性无显著变化;恢复自然水域的青山垸样地中,除磷酸酶活性下降外,其他酶活性没有表现出明显的差异性.相关分析表明,土壤有机质含量与4种酶活性均表现出显著的正相关关系（P<0.01）,说明退田还湖后系统恢复模式导致的土壤有机质含量的变化是土壤酶活性变化的主要原因.     

鄱阳湖湿地不同土地利用方式下土壤微生物群落功能多样性

于2011年5月分别采集鄱阳湖围垦92、48a和38a的水稻田,退田还湖25a的退耕地以及自然湿地共5个样地的表层土壤,利用Biolog-ECO板技术对土壤微生物群落的单一碳源利用情况进行了测定,并结合群落指数和主成分分析(PCA)对培养72 h土壤微生物群落功能多样性变化进行了分析。结果表明:退耕地和自然湿地土壤微生物群落利用31种碳源的能力较强,来自不同围垦年限的土壤微生物群落利用碳源能力均较弱;且随围垦时间的增长,土壤微生物对碳源的利用能力呈降低的趋势。自然湿地、退耕地与围垦92、38a样地土壤之间存在显著的微生物功能多样性差异;围垦对土壤微生物代谢糖类、羧酸类、氨基酸类物质的影响最为明显。结果提示,围垦改变了湿地土壤微生物群落结构,退田还湖有助于湿地土壤微生物群落结构的恢复。     

鄱阳湖苔草湿地非淹水期CO2释放特征

2009年9月至2010年4月非淹水期,在鄱阳湖南矶湿地国家级自然保护区,选择以灰化苔草为建群种的洲滩湿地,设置土壤-植物系统(TC)、剪除植物地上部分(TJ)2个试验处理（分别代表生态系统和土壤呼吸）,利用密闭箱-气相色谱法测定了非淹水期鄱阳湖苔草湿地CO₂释放通量.结果表明：苔草湿地生态系统呼吸与土壤呼吸均具有明显的季节变化模式,释放速率变化范围分别为89.57～1243.99和75.30～960.94mg CO₂·m^-2·h^-1,土壤呼吸占生态系统呼吸的比例为64%(39%～84%);土壤温度是苔草湿地CO₂通量的主要控制因子,可以解释呼吸速率80%以上的变异;生态系统呼吸与土壤呼吸的温度敏感性指数(Q₁₀)分别为3.31和2.75,且冬季的Q₁₀值明显高于春秋季节;土壤水分与CO₂释放速率之间未达到显著相关;非淹水期,鄱阳湖苔草湿地是大气CO₂的汇,其强度为1717.72 g C·m^-2.     

鄱阳湖苔草湿地非淹水期CO2释放特征

2009年9月至2010年4月非淹水期,在鄱阳湖南矶湿地国家级自然保护区,选择以灰化苔草为建群种的洲滩湿地,设置土壤-植物系统(TC)、剪除植物地上部分(TJ)2个试验处理(分别代表生态系统和土壤呼吸),利用密闭箱-气相色谱法测定了非淹水期鄱阳湖苔草湿地CO,释放通量.结果表明:苔草湿地生态系统呼吸与土壤呼吸均具有明显的季节变化模式,释放速率变化范围分别为89.57～1243.99和75.30～960.94 mg CO2·m-2·h-1,土壤呼吸占生态系统呼吸的比例为64%(39%～84%);土壤温度是苔草湿地CO2通量的主要控制因子,可以解释呼吸速率80%以上的变异;生态系统呼吸与土壤呼吸的温度敏感性指数(Q10)分别为3.31和2.75,且冬季的Q10值明显高于春秋季节;土壤水分与CO2释放速率之间未达到显著相关;非淹水期,鄱阳湖苔草湿地是大气CO2的汇,其强度为1717.72 g C·m-2.     

洞庭湖湿地与农田土壤动物多样性研究

为探讨洞庭湖退田还湖工程的生态恢复进程, 2005年10月对洞庭湖退田还湖区3类典型生境7个样地土壤动物群落结构进行了调查, 共获土壤动物标本8,484头, 隶属于5门11纲32个动物类群。其中, 还湖湿地捕获土壤动物类群26类, 优势类群为线虫类、蜱螨目; 未还湖农田生境捕获土壤动物类群28类, 优势类群为线虫类、蜘蛛目; 原始湿地(对照)仅捕获土壤动物13类, 优势类群为腹足类。对Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Pielou均匀性指数(E)、Simpson优势度指数(C)、Margalef丰富度指数(D)和复杂性指数(C_j) 5个多样性指标进行分析, 结果表明: (1)与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')相比, 复杂性指数(C_j)表征的土壤动物多样性更能客观地反映土壤动物分布的真实情况; (2)群落多样性与均匀度显著相关(P<0.05), 而与其他指数关系不密切; (3)在类群数上, 还湖湿地和未还湖农田都多于对照的原始湿地, 有极显著差异(P<0.01); 个体数量上看, 未还湖农田多于原始湿地, 存在极显著差异(P<0.01), 还湖湿地与原始湿地相比却没有显著差异(P>0.05)。这说明: 洞庭湖退田还湖后生态恢复较慢, 恢复效率较低。     

人工恢复与自然恢复模式下苔草草丘生态特征比较

本研究以哈尔滨太阳岛草丘湿地为对象,对比了人工恢复与自然恢复下苔草草丘个体和种群的生态特征,并分析其与环境因子的关系.结果表明:苔草植株生长随时间呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势(5—8月),初期(5—6月)生长迅速,6月达到峰值.人工恢复和自然恢复模式下,苔草草丘个体和种群特征差异显著:自然恢复下苔草叶面积、叶宽、单株鲜重、单株干重、丘墩高度、直径、丘顶面积、丘墩表面积、丘墩体积等苔草草丘个体特征均显著高于人工恢复,人工恢复下苔草草丘密度、盖度、生物量等种群特征显著高于自然恢复,物种多样性无显著差异.土壤含水量、水深、草丘密度、丘间距离是导致2种恢复模式下苔草草丘生长差异的主要因素,自然恢复区土壤含水量、水深、间距均显著高于人工恢复区,对草丘个体的形成和发育具有促进作用,人工恢复区高移栽密度是导致草丘密度、盖度、生物量高于自然恢复区的主要因素.建议未来开展苔草草丘湿地恢复和保护时,应参考自然恢复湿地中草丘的分布特点,适当调整丘间距离(54.22～117.89 cm)和种群密度(1.9～3.1 墩·m^-2),同时采取干旱区春季适当补水措施,保持适宜的土壤含水量和水深,促进苔草草丘的生长发育和快速恢复,维持其种群长期健康稳定.     

中国湿地生态系统固碳现状和潜力

固碳是湿地重要的生态系统服务功能之一.通过资料调研和分析,对我国湿地的固碳速率和固碳潜力进行了评价.结果表明,我国各种类型沼泽湿地总的固碳能力为4.91TgC·a-1.红树林湿地和沿海盐沼的固碳速率最高.我国湖泊湿地的固碳潜力为1.98TgC·a-1, 其中东部平原地区湖泊湿地的固碳速率和能力最大.恢复湿地可以提高我国陆地生态系统的固碳潜力,其中退田还湖和退田还泽的固碳潜力分别为30.26 GgC·a-1和0.22 GgC·a-1,而湿地保护工程在2005～2010年之间的固碳潜力为6.57 GgC·a-1.     

土壤动物群落研究进展

许多研究表明:土壤动物群落与土壤环境有密切关系,土壤动物的群落结构、功能在土壤生态系统中有不可替代的重要作用,是系统正常运行的关键环节,土壤动物逐渐成为生态学和土壤学领域研究的热点之一。本文介绍了我国土壤动物区系研究进展,从群落结构、群落功能和群落演替三个方面分析了国内外土壤动物群落在森林和农业生态系统中最新研究现状,内容包括土壤环境评价、凋落物分解、土壤健康的指示作用、与污染环境的关系等几个方面,最后从全球环境变化、土壤生态系统过程和土壤生物多样性保护等三个重要领域提出土壤动物群落研究展望和建议。     

黑河中游湿地不同恢复方式对土壤和植被的影响——以张掖国家湿地公园为例

湿地是自然界最富生物多样性的生态景观和人类社会赖以生存和发展的环境之一,对维护生态系统功能和区域生态安全有着重要意义。为阐明不同湿地恢复方式对土壤和植被的影响,以黑河中游地区张掖国家湿地公园为研究对象,比较了自然恢复方式、恢复利用方式和恢复保护方式下植物多样性、植物生长状态、土壤pH、盐分、容重、水分含量、有机碳、全氮、全磷、速效氮、速效磷的变化特征,研究结果表明:在自然恢复方式下,湿地各层土壤全磷、土壤速效磷、土壤速效氮、物种多样性值最高,反映出自然恢复方式可能成为干旱区土壤磷固存的有效手段,适当干扰可能成为干旱区提高物种多样性的有效方法;恢复保护方式下,湿地植物多度最高165.67±25,表明恢复保护方式有助于植被的生长繁殖;恢复利用方式下,湿地各层土壤含水量、土壤有机碳、土壤全氮、植被盖度值最高,土壤盐分含量、土壤pH值最低,湿地物种多样性较高。表明恢复利用方式可以有效降低湿地土壤盐分,提高土壤碳、氮含量的潜力,适当人为管理可能成为干旱区湿地恢复过程中提高湿地物种多样性的有效管理方法。该研究结果对于干旱区湿地恢复、保护与重建的效应评估和恢复方式的选择提供一定的理论支持和决策参考。     

黄河三角洲芦苇湿地的恢复

近年来由于人类活动及自然灾害等多种因素的影响,黄河三角洲芦苇湿地生态系统的健康受到威胁,出现不同程度的退化。为进一步研究2002年开始实施的湿地恢复工程,选择未恢复区、恢复区比较其水、植被、土壤等生态特征,结合野外调查及实验分析数据,结果显示至2005年7月恢复区湿地水域面积比例增加,水质得到明显改善,植被群落呈正向演替,土壤达到中、轻度盐化土水平,水禽种类增加,生物多样性更加丰富。研究结果表明,以恢复湿地水文条件为核心措施的湿地恢复方案具有可行性。研究对于黄河三角洲其他类型湿地的恢复及改善其生态功能具有指导作用。     

西洞庭湖湿地杨树人工林扩张的时空特征

杨树人工林的快速扩张及其对湿地生态系统的影响是西洞庭湖生态系统管理亟待解决的关键问题.本研究基于遥感影像数据、西洞庭湖湖底高程数据以及西洞庭湖水文数据,分析2000—2014年杨树在西洞庭湖洲滩湿地的时空分布特征.结果表明: 2000—2011年,杨树面积大幅增加,从3233.5 hm²增加到10915.6 hm²,增速为698.4 hm²·a^-1,其中,2004—2007年增长速度最快,达到1000.6 hm²·a^-1;2011年达到峰值后逐渐减少,2014年杨树人工林面积回落到10153.1 hm².芦苇、水域泥滩地和草滩地对杨树人工林扩张的贡献度依次为41.8%、37.0%和21.2%.错误的鼓励性政策、经济利益驱动等人为因素是导致西洞庭湖杨树迅速扩张的主要影响因子,泥沙淤积以及三峡大坝运行之后,洞庭湖水文节律的变化为加速杨树人工林的扩张提供了客观条件.2013年以后,西洞庭湖开展“退林还湿”工程是扭转杨树林扩张、并造成2014年杨树林面积下降的主要原因.     

白洋淀湿地区土壤有机碳密度及储量的空间分布特征

湿地生态系统碳储量是陆地生态系统碳循环的重要组成部分,提供重要的生态系统服务功能。白洋淀湿地是国家重要生态湿地和华北平原最大的淡水湿地,同时是雄安新区的核心水系,湿地区土壤碳储量的估算研究将为湿地生态系统服务评估和湿地生态恢复提供数据支撑。研究通过对白洋淀湿地7种不同地类的105个土壤剖面进行分层取样,揭示了其湿地土壤有机碳密度及储量的空间分布特征,结果表明：（1）白洋淀湿地区土壤有机碳含量整体偏低,在各层土壤中,淹水芦苇湿地的有机碳含量均显著高于其他植被类型,约为其他类型土壤碳含量的3倍左右。（2）在各植被类型中土壤有机碳含量均以表层（0-20 cm）最高,其分配比例均集中在30%左右,随着土壤剖面深度的增加,湿地土壤的有机碳含量逐渐减少。（3）不同植被类型土壤有机碳含量与土壤有机碳密度的差异显著,具体表现为：乔木园地 < 旱地 < 常绿针叶林 < 落叶阔叶林 < 水田 < 台田芦苇 < 淹水芦苇。（4）根据估算,白洋淀湿地区的土壤有机碳储量约为5816.77×10³Mg。随着雄安新区环境治理工作的推进,白洋淀湿地区生态系统固碳将呈现持续向好态势,结合生态恢复和土地布局优化,尽量减少雄安新区建设中土地流转带来的碳排放影响,对提高区域生态效益具有重要意义。     

Variation of soil nutrients and particle size under different vegetation types in the Yellow River Delta

The Yellow River Delta wetland, located at the southern coast of Bohai Gulf, provides important ecosystem services such as flood control, water purification, biodiversity conservation, nutrient removal and carbon sequestration, shoreline stabilization, tourism attraction and wetland products maintains in the Yellow River Delta. This study assessed how agricultural activities in a reclamation wetland changed soil pH, soil electric conductivity, soil nutrient and soil particle size as compared to natural vegetation by using a combination of field experiments and lab analysis. The vegetation type included adjacent alfalfa field (Medicago sativa), cotton field (Gossypium spp.), Chinese tamarisk shrub (Tamarix chinensis), and reed marsh (Phragmites sage). The results indicated that the soil pH was higher (pH > 8) in alfalfa field and cotton field, and alfalfa field and reed marsh had significant function in reducing soil salt content, soil electric conductivity of alfalfa field at 0–30 cm were 140.38 ± 14.36, 114.48 ± 14.36, 125.30 ± 11.37 μs/cm. The effect of different vegetation types on soil nutrient was significant (P < 0.05). Soil organic matter at 0–10 cm in Chinese tamarisk shrub and reed marsh was 21.66 ± 3.82 g/kg and 16.51 ± 4.60 g/kg, which was higher than that of alfalfa field (10.47 ± 2.36 g/kg) and cotton field (9.82 ± 1.27 g/kg), but soil total nitrogen content in alfalfa field was the highest, which is significantly higher than that of cotton field, Chinese tamarisk shrub and reed marsh(P < 0.05), the content of soil total nitrogen at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm was 7.67 ± 0.38 g/kg and 5.97 ± 0.51 g/kg, respectively, while the content of available P and available K was reversed. The difference of soil particle size between layers was not significant (P > 0.05), the sand content of Chinese tamarisk shrub soils in 0–10 cm was the highest, the next was alfalfa field and cotton field, and the content of silt and clay in reed marsh was higher than the others. The correlation and significant degree between soil particle size and soil nutrient was related with vegetation types, and soil organic matter was significantly positively correlated with soil silt and clay content on the alfalfa field. The results demonstrated that wetland cultivation was one of the most important factors influencing on the nutrient fate and reserves in soil, which could lead to rapid nutrient release and slow restoration through abandon cultivation. Consequently, compared with cotton field, alfalfa field is more favorable to sustainable management of wetland cultivation in the Yellow River Delta. It should be considered in wetland restoration projects planning.     

黄河三角洲人工恢复芦苇湿地生态系统健康评价

研究目的是对黄河三角洲人工恢复芦苇湿地生态系统的健康状况进行评价。按照层次分析法的思想,从环境、植物群落和植物生理生化特征等3个方面构建评价指标体系。在专家意见的基础上,确定各个指标的权重,计算生态系统健康指数。通过与自然芦苇湿地对比,对人工恢复芦苇湿地的健康状况进行评价。结果显示:人工恢复芦苇湿地的土壤有机质、全氮和全盐含量、群落盖度、密度和地上生物量等指标显著低于自然芦苇湿地,地表水电导率、叶片的APX、DHAR、MDHAR等酶的活性显著高于自然芦苇湿地,其生态系统健康指数低于自然芦苇湿地。这说明在短时间内,人工恢复芦苇湿地的健康状况和自然芦苇湿地还存在一定差距。恢复时间对生态系统健康评价有重要影响,长时间尺度上监测数据的积累是全面、深入了解生态系统、评价生态系统健康状况所必需的。     

Ecosystem Development After Mangrove Wetland Creation: Plant–Soil Change Across a 20-Year Chronosequence

Mangrove wetland restoration and creation efforts are increasingly proposed as mechanisms to compensate for mangrove wetland losses. However, ecosystem development and functional equivalence in restored and created mangrove wetlands are poorly understood. We compared a 20-year chronosequence of created tidal wetland sites in Tampa Bay, Florida (USA) to natural reference mangrove wetlands. Across the chronosequence, our sites represent the succession from salt marsh to mangrove forest communities. Our results identify important soil and plant structural differences between the created and natural reference wetland sites; however, they also depict a positive developmental trajectory for the created wetland sites that reflects tightly coupled plant-soil development. Because upland soils and/or dredge spoils were used to create the new mangrove habitats, the soils at younger created sites and at lower depths (10–30?cm) had higher bulk densities, higher sand content, lower soil organic matter (SOM), lower total carbon (TC), and lower total nitrogen (TN) than did natural reference wetland soils. However, in the upper soil layer (0–10?cm), SOM, TC, and TN increased with created wetland site age simultaneously with mangrove forest growth. The rate of created wetland soil C accumulation was comparable to literature values for natural mangrove wetlands. Notably, the time to equivalence for the upper soil layer of created mangrove wetlands appears to be faster than for many other wetland ecosystem types. Collectively, our findings characterize the rate and trajectory of above- and below-ground changes associated with ecosystem development in created mangrove wetlands; this is valuable information for environmental managers planning to sustain existing mangrove wetlands or mitigate for mangrove wetland losses.     

Physiological mechanism for the reduction in soil water in poplar (Populus deltoides) plantations in Dongting Lake wetlands

The use of large-scale tree plantations has provoked increasing concern regarding the negative effects on local environments in different ecosystems. However, the physiological mechanism underlying the reduction in soil water by tree plantations in wetlands is not clear. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of poplar (Populus deltoides) plantations on soil water content and to elucidate the underlying physiological mechanisms. To this end, we conducted a 1-year fixed-plot investigation of soil water content (SWC), plant photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and water-use efficiency (WUE) of individual leaves of 11- and 5-year-old poplars and of reed (Triarrherca sacchariflora, a native herbaceous plant) in the Dongting Lake wetlands, China. SWC was highest in reed, intermediate in 11-year-old poplar, and lowest in 5-year-old poplar, suggesting that poplar plantations produce a lower soil water content in wetlands. From May to July, Pn was significantly higher in reed than in the two poplar stands, but did not differ between the different-aged poplars. As a whole, Gs and Tr were higher, but WUE was lower, in the poplar stands than in reed during the growing season, indicating that Gs and Tr are the key physiological mechanisms associated with the lower soil water in poplar stands. Relationships among Pn, Gs, and Tr showed positive correlations (P < 0.01) for each type of vegetation. These data suggest that poplar plantations may cause the transformation of wetlands into dry land due to a lower WUE leading to a massive water loss from soil. This, in turn, would have an influence on community composition and ecosystem function after establishment of the plantations.     

Spatial distribution of ant mounds and effects on soil physical properties in wetlands of the Sanjiang plain, China

Ants constitute a dominant element of soil mesofauna due to their biomass, abundance, richness of species and distribution within terrestrial ecosystems. They are important regulators of soil aggregate structure as they translocate large amounts of soil from the bottom to the soil surface. In doing so, they form biogenic structures (BS) made up of aggregates of different sizes and characteristics, i.e. ant mounds. These BS have varying characteristics according to the ant species and the soil where they carry their activities. Ants are considered soil engineers because of their effects on soil properties, availability of resource and flow of energy and nutrients in soil. Thus, it is important to gain information on their distribution and abundance. Relatively little is known about the spatial distribution of mounds and their role in the soil physical properties in wetlands of the Sanjiang plain, China. We conducted a survey of ant mounds and measured the density, height, and diameter and material composition of different ant mounds. The ecological characteristics of wetlands that ant mounds wide occurrence were also investigated, including soil type, hydrology characters and plant composition. Differences in soil particle composition, bulk density and soil moisture between ant mound and natural meadow were measured to assess the influences of ant mounds on soil physical properties. We also studied the effects of ant mounds on the microtopography of meadows. Ant mounds were found mainly in the transition zone between terrestrial and aquatic habitats, with wetland type, including Calamagrostis augustifolia wet meadow, C.augustifolia marsh meadow, shrubs marsh meadow and Carexmeyeriana–Carexappendiculata wetland, being a significant factor. Most of the mounds detected were inhabited by Lasius flavus Fabricius, Lasius niger Linnaeus and Formica sanguinea Latreille, which occupied 52.9%, 26.5% and 20.6% of the mounds surveyed, respectively. The density, height, diameter and mound composition were significantly different among the mounds of F. sanguinea Latreille, L. flavus Fabricius and L. niger Linnaeus. The average density and diameter of L. flavus mounds was significantly higher than those of other ant mounds. The average height of F. sanguinea mounds was highest among the mounds detected. Mound building activities changed soil particle size distribution, with the silt and clay content of mounds higher than for non-mound soil. Compared with adjacent, non-mound soil, the bulk density (0–30 cm) and water content (0–25 cm) of mound soil were significantly lower, but there were no significant differences between the mound soil of F. sanguinea Latreille and L. flavus Fabricius. The spatial distribution of ant mounds with different height and diameter also changed the micro-geomorphology of the soil surface, increasing the degree of fluctuation of the microtopography. The ant distribution characteristics and their ecological roles respond to a wide range of environmental alterations. The biogenic structures of ant and the specific environment associated with them have been defined as the “functional domain”, a sphere of influence that may significantly affect soil processes at certain spatial and temporal scales. Our results suggest that the distribution and structure of ant mounds can indicate wetland environmental changes, with mounds influencing ecosystem functions and enhancing wetland degradation.     

洞庭湖湿地3个林龄杨树人工林叶与土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量特征

选取洞庭湖洲滩湿地挖沟抬垄造林的6林龄、9林龄和13林龄杨树人工纯林为研究对象,通过比较不同林龄杨树叶及沟垄土壤的C、N、P含量差异,研究湿地杨树人工林不同生长阶段养分元素的分配格局及生态化学计量学特征,揭示杨树种植对洞庭湖湿地生态系统的影响。结果显示,叶N、叶P以及C∶P和N∶P与林龄显著相关,但叶C和C∶N与林龄不相关。3个林龄杨树人工林叶N∶P均大于16,说明P是限制洞庭湖杨树生长发育的主要因子,9林龄叶P量显著低于6林龄和13林龄,而N∶P和C∶P则显著高于6林龄和13林龄,说明P的限制在9林龄尤为显著。3个林龄湿地杨树人工林树垄和树沟土壤有机C、全N和C∶N呈现出与林龄和土层深度的负相关关系,但全P与两者没有显著关系。C∶P在树垄样地中呈现出与林龄和土层深度的负相关关系,而在树沟样地中呈现出与土层深度的正相关关系,与林龄无显著关系。N∶P在9林龄和13林龄树垄样地和6林龄树沟样地中与土层深度呈负相关关系,说明挖沟抬垄造林方式不利于土壤有机C和全N的积累,也不利于维持洞庭湖湿地土壤的肥力。