脑海绵状血管瘤的MRI与临床特征及其治疗（附二例报告）

目的：探讨脑海绵状血管瘤的临床特征。方法：回顾分析29例脑海绵状血管瘤的临床资料,对其临床表现、诊断和治疗进行总结。结果：主要临床表现为头痛和癫痫发作,删有助于明确诊断。结论：MRI是诊断脑海绵状血管瘤最敏感的方法,对有症状施行积极的显微外科治疗能收到良好效果。     

海绵状血管瘤的MRI诊断

本文总结了我院自89年以来的24例经手术和病理证实的海绵状血管瘤,就期MRI表现特征,诊断与鉴别诊断要点作了较详细的分析研究。认为MRI对此病的检出率及定位正确性有着传统方法及CT不可比拟的优点,但其定性诊断的正确率有待进一步提高。随着MRI仪的不断普及和放射科医生经验的不断积累,人们对海绵状血管瘤这一少见的血管性病变的认识一定会不断提高。     

脑血吸虫与脑肺吸虫病的MRI 诊断与鉴别诊断

目的:探讨总结脑血吸虫病与脑肺吸虫病MRI影像特点,更好的指导临床早期诊断。方法:回顾分析10例脑血吸虫及9例脑肺吸虫的MRI影像特点,总结分析其影像征象及价值。结果:脑血吸虫和肺吸虫病临床表现类似,均以颅内压增高和癫痫为主要变现。MRI扫描脑血吸虫病呈多发结节信号,周围大片水肿,增强均匀或不均匀强化;肺吸虫呈斑片样及囊样信号,周围大片水肿,增强扫描环状及斑絮样强化。结论:脑血吸虫与脑肺吸虫病临床表现类似,但MRI有特定的影像特点,可以用来进行诊断。     

鞍旁海绵状血管瘤的MRI诊断及误诊分析

目的:分析鞍旁海绵状血管瘤MR影像特点及误诊原因,提高对该疾病的诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法:收集我院经手术病理证实的13例鞍旁海绵状血管瘤,术前均行MRI平扫及增强扫描,5例行3D-ASL检查,分析其影像学资料。结果:9例表现为横向哑铃状,鞍旁大,鞍内小,病灶主体位于颈内动脉外侧,颈内动脉海绵窦段被病灶包绕;1例鞍旁与鞍内病灶大小相似,1例病灶主体位于颈内动脉内侧,2例病灶完全位于颈内动脉外侧;7例垂体显示不清,6例垂体受推移;6例T2W I表现为类似脑脊液的极高信号;仅5例行3D-ASL检查,病灶均呈低灌注。误诊9例,其中4例误诊垂体腺瘤,5例误诊脑膜瘤。结论:横向哑铃状、病灶主体位于颈内动脉外侧及T2W I类似脑脊液的极高信号是鞍旁海绵状血管瘤的典型影像特征。对于不典型病变,借助3D-ASL可以减少误诊,充分掌握MRI影像特征及鉴别诊断的要点,对提高临床术前诊断水平具有重要价值。     

脑血吸虫与脑肺吸虫病的MRI诊断与鉴别诊断

目的：探讨总结脑血吸虫病与脑肺吸虫病MRI影像特点,更好的指导临床旱期诊断。方法：回顾分析10例脑血吸虫及9例脑肺吸虫的MRI影像特点,总结分析其影像征象及价值。结果：脑血吸虫和肺吸虫病临床表现类似,均以颅内压增高和癫痫为主要变现。MRI扫描脑血吸虫病呈多发结节信号,周围大片水肿,增强均匀或不均匀强化;肺吸虫呈斑片样及囊样信号,周围大片水肿,增强扫描环状及斑絮样强化。结论：脑血吸虫与脑肺吸虫病临床表现类似,但MRI有特定的影像特点,可以用来进行诊断。     

C T、常规MRI 序列和SWI 诊断弥漫性轴索脑损伤比较

目的:探讨弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)的CT、常规MRI序列和磁敏感加权成像(SWI)表现与诊断价值。方法:回顾分析42例DAI患者的影像资料,分析、比较CT、MRI和SWI的信号特征及脑内病灶显示率。结果:SWI显示病灶最多、最敏感;脑CT扫描次之;常规MRI序列敏感性差,只有部分病灶显示。结论:CT、MRI和SWI对DAI早期诊断、治疗及评价预后具有重要参考价值,SWI是诊断DAI最有效的首选影像学检查方法。     

磁共振磁敏感加权成像在颅脑疾病中的应用研究

目的探讨磁敏感加权成像在脑部疾病中的临床应用价值。方法对65例临床疑是脑血管病变患者行常规T1WI、T2WI、DWI、SWI序列及增强T1WI、MRA,探讨SWI序列在显示小出血灶、小静脉及含铁血黄素、钙化等顺磁性物质的优越性。结果①海绵状血管瘤,SWI能鉴别出血与血管,发现更多的小出血灶;②动静脉畸形,SWI能够发现更多的细小静脉向大静脉引流;③急性脑梗死,SWI可发现小的出血灶;④脑肿瘤,SWI显示出小的引流静脉;⑤帕金森病,SWI能显示脑内多发异常低信号铁沉积。结论 SWI对低流量血管畸形、小静脉结构、多发细小出血以及铁钙沉积十分敏感,为常规MRI的重要补充,应用于中枢神经系统疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

颅内静脉系统血栓形成6 例临床分析

目的:探讨颅内静脉系统血栓形成(CVT)的临床表现、影像学特征以及治疗方法对临床诊断的意义。方法:回顾性分析首都医科大学宣武医院收治的6例CVT患者的临床表现及影像学特征与治疗方法。结果:6例临床表现无特殊,4例经MRI+MRV确诊,3例DSA检查确诊,1例介入治疗,4例抗凝治疗,2例保守,无死亡患者。结论:静脉系统血栓形成临床症状缺乏特异性,临床遇到急性起病的头痛、呕吐,伴或不伴有局灶性神经功能缺损或癫痫发作、意识障碍的青中年人,应高度怀疑CVT。早期应用抗凝、溶栓等治疗方法,对改善预后具有较高的临床应用价值。     

4例线粒体脑肌病的临床分析

目的:探讨线粒体脑肌病的临床特征,为其临床诊断提供帮助。方法:对4例线粒体脑肌病患者的临床与病理资料进行了回顾性分析。结果:4例患者均有身材矮小、智力下降、有视力或听力障碍、曾反复被诊断为病毒性脑炎的特点。4例患者血乳酸水平均升高,头部影像学有异常表现,肌肉活检均可见特征性的蓬毛样红纤维。结论:4例线粒体脑肌病患者临床表现貌似病毒性脑炎,结合临床肌肉活检可明确诊断。     

颌面部血管瘤和血管畸形的整形手术治疗模式研究

目的:探讨口腔颌面部软组织血管瘤和血管畸形以整形外科手术为原则的治疗效果.方法:对科室26例采用整形外科手术治疗口腔颌面部血管瘤和血管畸形的患者进行回溯性研究,其中男性15例,女性11例.术前通过B超、MRI和CT等影像学检查明确病变部位及性质,为手术治疗模式提供帮助,手术方法为肿瘤手术切除同时用邻位皮辩或血管化皮辩移植修复;治疗后经6个月至3年随访,评价疗效效果.结果:治疗后无严重并发症发生;疗效分析表明患者都有一定的改善,其中治愈率、显效率分别为61.5%和34.6%.结论:制定完善的诊断和序列治疗方案是保证血管瘤和血管畸形治疗效果和减少并发症的关键,整形外科为原则进行手术治疗在外形和功能均可获满意疗效而且安全.     

颅内静脉系统血栓形成合并脑出血的临床特点、危险因素、诊断方法以及治疗方案分析

目的:探讨颅内静脉系统血栓形成(CVST)合并脑出血的临床特点、危险因素、诊断方法以及治疗方案。方法:选择我院于2002年2月到2017年5月收治的CVST确诊患者38例为研究对象,按照是否合并脑出血分为脑出血组16例与对照组22例,比较两组患者的临床特点、危险因素、诊断方法、治疗方案与预后。结果:脑出血患者MRI显示受累横窦8例、海绵窦6例、乙状窦2例;对照组显示受累横窦10例、海绵窦8例、乙状窦4例。脑出血组的头痛、意识改变、运动障碍等临床症状发生率明显高于对照组(P0.05),两组感觉障碍、视力下降与痫性发作比例对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。二分类变量Logistic回归分析显示脑膜炎、贫血、先天性凝血酶原疾病为导致CVST合并脑出血发生的主要独立危险因素(P0.05)。所有患者均给予脱水降颅压及支持对症治疗,脑出血组预后不良8例,不良率为50.0%;对照组预后不良4例,不良率为18.2%,脑出血组的预后不良率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:CVST合并脑出血在临床上比较常见,多表现为头痛、意识改变、运动障碍等,MRI诊断有很好的效果,脑膜炎、贫血、先天性凝血酶原疾病为导致CVST合并脑出血发生的危险因素,抗凝、溶栓等治疗能取得较好的效果。     

High Levels of Glycine and Serine as a Cause of the Seizure Symptoms of Cavernous Angiomas?

Abstract: Cavernous angiomas are vascular malformations that cause neurodegeneration and symptoms including epileptiform seizures, headache, and motor deficits. Following neurosurgical removal of the angiomas, patients mostly recover well and become seizure-free. This study reports on the levels of certain amino acids in angiomas, obtained from 13 patients. Distinct zones of the angiomas were analyzed, from the thrombotic core, via gliotic, hemosiderin-infiltrated intermediate zones, to a periphery without macroscopic abnormalities. The neurotransmitter amino acids glutamate, aspartate, and GABA as well as phosphoethanolamine displayed decreasing levels from the periphery to the core, reflecting the gradual neuronal loss. Compared with normal brain tissue, there was a marked increase in the levels of serine (fivefold), glycine (10-fold), and ethanolamine (20-fold) in the peripheral zone of the cavernous angiomas. The results are discussed in relation to seizures and NMDA receptor activation, neuron-glia interactions, membrane phospholipids, and blood-brain barrier function.     

Clinical and Imaging Characteristics of Cerebral Schistosomiasis

In recent years, there has been a trend for increased incidence of cerebral schistosomiasis. It is often misdiagnosed because of the diversity of clinical symptoms. We wished to explore clinical characteristics and imaging findings in cerebral schistosomiasis. We retrospectively analyzed clinical data, laboratory tests, CT, and MRI results in 11 patients with cerebral schistosomiasis. All patients had chronic cerebral schistosomiasis (five with epilepsy type, five with brain tumor type, and one patient with stroke type). All patients with brain tumor type were misdiagnosed as having gliomas. There were typical findings on CT and MRI. In conclusion, clinical manifestations of cerebral schistosomiasis are variable, and the rate of misdiagnosis is high. For more precise diagnosis, a combination of laboratory and imaging data is required.     

Congenital hemihypertrophy. Tendency to association with other abnormalities and/or tumors

Nine cases of congenital hemihypertrophy of an entire half of the body ("true" hemihypertrophy) were investigated in relation to literature data. The left side was more often affected (7:2) and the abnormality was more frequent in females (5:4). Associated abnormalities were present in all cases: a single abnormality in 3 cases (mental retardation, iris heterochromia and, respectively, left foot gigantism) and 3 to 13 abnormalities in the other 6 cases. Prominent hemiface, asymmetric macroglossia on the affected side, unequally developed breasts, unilateral gigantism of the foot, iris heterochromia, duplication of the renal pelvis, were considered important signs which easily draw attention. Out of nine cases investigated, three presented associated tumors: two tumors, one cerebral (malignant ependymoma) and the other hepatic (cavernous hemangioma) in one case, hepatoblastoma in another case, and multiple skin angiomas in the affected side of the third one. The case presenting two tumors had also the greatest number (twelve) of associated abnormalities.     

Unusual MRI findings of dural arteriovenous fistula: Isolated perfusion lesions mimicking TIA

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of transient ischemic attack (TIA) based on clinical history and objective findings, even including multiparametric MRI, can be misleading. We report two patients who presented with TIA-like deficits with isolated perfusion lesions in corresponding areas but were finally diagnosed as transient neurological symptoms associated with dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF). CASE PRESENTATION: Two patients presented with transient focal neurological symptoms lasting less than one hour. An isolated perfusion deficit with no diffusion change in the clinically relevant area was shown on brain MRI, indicating transient ischemia as the most plausible cause of neurological symptoms. However, cerebral angiography let to diagnosis of dAVF in both cases. Intracerebral hemorrhage occurred after the initial diagnosis of TIA in one patient, and the small area of perfusion abnormality accompanied by the enlarged cortical vein in the other case helped to identify the dAVF through the further investigation. The pattern of perfusion-weighted imaging in both cases revealed increase of mean transit time and relative cerebral blood volume denoting the venous congestion in a clinically corresponding area. CONCLUSION: Reported cases are uncommon clinical presentation of a dAVF, which can be misdiagnosed as TIA on clinical grounds. In rare cases, the isolated perfusion deficits could be attributable to venous congestion, despite the similar pattern of clinical presentation, such as with TIA.     

脑梗塞的临床表现与CT显示的关系

探讨脑梗塞的临床表现和ＣＴ显示关系。回顾性分析５８例脑梗塞病例的临床资料和ＣＴ图像。ＣＴ显示脑梗塞病灶８小时内阳性显示率最低,５％（１／２０）;２４￣４８小时阳性显示率最高,７８．２％（４３／５５）。脑干及小脑部位梗塞ＣＴ不易显示,ＭＲＩ能明确诊断。根据临床表现和熟悉脑梗塞的病理过程,采取合理的ＣＴ检查和复查时机极为重要,从而提高脑梗塞检查和诊断中ＣＴ检查的敏感性和准确性。提高临床的诊治率,减少后