亚麻籽及其功能成分干预2型糖尿病的Meta分析

目的：评价亚麻籽及其功能成分对2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者多指标的影响。方法：计算机检索数据库,纳入亚麻籽及其功能成分对T2DM患者的随机对照试验,检索时限均为建库至2021年1月,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入了12项研究,有607名T2DM患者参与。用亚麻籽及其功能成分对T2DM患者干预后,糖化血红蛋白降低［SMD=-0.29,95%CI（-0.48,-0.10）,P=0.003］,空腹血糖降低［SMD=-0.28,95%CI（-0.47,-0.09）,P=0.004］,空腹胰岛素降低［SMD=-0.29,95%CI（-0.50,-0.08）,P=0.008］,胰岛素抵抗指数降低［SMD=-0.26,95%CI（-0.48,-0.04）,P=0.02］,对总胆固醇和甘油三酯的干预效果不明显,总胆固醇［SMD=-0.46,95%CI（-0.97,-0.05）,P=0.08］,甘油三酯［SMD=-0.12,95%CI（-0.29,-0.06）,P=0.18］。结论：亚麻籽及其功能成分能够有效改善T2DM患者的多项指标,但对T2DM患者血脂方面的影响需进一步研究。     

益生菌制剂对脑卒中患者肠道菌群及肠道功能影响的Meta分析

目的探讨益生菌制剂对脑卒中患者肠道菌群及肠道功能的影响。方法通过检索PubMed、EMbase、Cochrane Library、CNKI、维普和万方数据库,收集各数据库从建库至2020年3月发表的所有关于脑卒中患者应用益生菌制剂的随机对照试验,由2名研究者独立筛选文献,按照系统评价的要求对文献质量进行评估,使用RevMan 5.3和Stata 14.0统计软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入19篇文献(1 528例患者),Meta分析结果显示,2组患者肠道中肠球菌的数量差异没有统计学意义[SMD=-0.74,95%CI(-1.64,0.17),P=0.110],而益生菌组患者肠道中大肠埃希菌的数量低于对照组[SMD=-1.27,95%CI(-1.81,-0.73),P0.001];益生菌组患者肠道中乳杆菌和双歧杆菌数量高于对照组[SMD=1.50,95%CI(0.96,2.03),P0.001;SMD=1.66,95%CI(1.16,2.15),P0.001]。益生菌组患者血清中二胺氧化酶(DAO)和D-乳酸水平低于对照组[SMD=-1.76,95%CI(-2.39,-1.13),P0.001;SMD=-2.21,95%CI(-2.92,-1.51),P0.001];益生菌组患者粪便中分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)的量高于对照组[SMD=1.76,95%CI(0.84,2.68),P0.001]。结论在肠内营养的基础上添加益生菌制剂对脑卒中患者进行营养治疗,能够有效调节患者肠道菌群,改善患者的肠道功能。     

利拉鲁肽联合二甲双胍对肥胖2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢、血管内皮功能及微炎症状态的影响

目的:探讨利拉鲁肽联合二甲双胍对肥胖2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者糖脂代谢、血管内皮功能及微炎症状态的影响。方法:选取2016年7月~2019年4月期间我院收治的117例T2DM肥胖患者。根据随机数字表法分为对照组(n=58,二甲双胍治疗)和研究组(n=59,利拉鲁肽联合二甲双胍治疗),比较两组患者体质量指数(BMI)、糖脂代谢指标[高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、空腹血糖(FPG)、甘油三酯(TG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)]、血管内皮功能指标[内皮素(ET)、一氧化氮(NO)]及微炎症状态指标[C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)以及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)],记录两组治疗期间不良反应情况。结果:治疗12周后,两组BMI、FPG及HbA1c、TG、TC、LDL-C、ET、CRP、TNF-α及IL-6均低于治疗前,且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗12周后,两组HDL-C、NO高于治疗前,且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较无差异(P>0.05)。结论:利拉鲁肽联合二甲双胍治疗肥胖T2DM患者,可有效控制其体内糖脂代谢紊乱,改善血管内皮功能及微炎症状态,且用药安全性较好。     

钠-葡萄糖转移蛋白抑制剂2治疗糖尿病合并牙周病的临床观察

目的:探讨钠-葡萄糖转移蛋白酶抑制剂2对2型糖尿病(T2DM)伴牙周病患者疗效。方法:选择近三年来北京中医药大学第三附属医院、北京市和平里医院口腔科收治的72例T2DM伴牙周病为研究对象,观察组(A组)患者行牙周基础治疗并加用列净类药物,对照组(B组)40例患者接受牙周基础治疗加用磺脲类降糖药物。两组治疗前及治疗后3个月牙周探诊深度(I'D)、龈沟出血指数(SBI)、附着丧失(AL)值、空腹血糖CFPG)糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、内脂素、瘦素及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α水平的变化。结果:治疗后,两组FPG、HbA1c水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组TC、TG、LDL及HDL均显著低于对照组(P0.05)血清内脂素、瘦素及TNF-α水平均高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:钠-葡萄糖转移蛋白酶抑制剂2可显著改善T2DM伴牙周病患者的糖脂代谢紊乱水平。     

2型糖尿病患者APPL1、AFABP与胰岛素抵抗指数的相关性研究

目的:分析2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者磷酸酪氨酸衔接蛋白(APPL1)、脂肪细胞型脂肪酸结合蛋白(AFABP)与稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)的相关性。方法:选择2015年6月~2016年5月至我院就诊T2DM患者100例作为患病组,选取同期在我院健康体检者100例作为健康组,对研究对象进行指标如空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹血清胰岛素(FINS)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、APPL1、AFABP等检测,并根据公式计算HOMA-IR、及体重指数(BMI),分析APPL1、AFABP与各指标相关性。结果:患病组与健康组TC、HDL、LDL水平无明显差异(P0.05),患病组BMI、FPG、FINS、Hb A1c、TG、HOMA-IR、APPL1、AFABP与健康组比较明显较高(P0.05);APPL1与BMI、FINS、Hb A1c、HOMA-IR呈负相关性(P0.05),与FPG呈正相关性;AFABP与BMI、FPG、FINS、Hb A1c、HOMA-IR呈正相关性(P0.05)。结论:T2DM患者APPL1、AFABP较高,APPL1、AFABP与HOMA-IR呈直线相关性,表明APPL1、AFABP与T2DM患者胰岛素抵抗密切相关,该研究为APPL1、AFABP可以作为T2DM治疗的新靶点提供了理论依据。     

老年2型糖尿病患者血清ANGPTL4、Betatrophin、Vaspin水平与血糖、血脂及下肢血管病变的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨老年2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血清脂肪因子血管生成素样蛋白4（ANGPTL4）、促代谢因子（Betatrophin）、腹腔脂肪型丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂（Vaspin）水平与血糖、血脂、下肢血管病变（LVD）的关系。方法：选取我院2018年8月～2019年8月收治的老年T2DM患者108例,根据患者是否合并LVD,分成LVD组（n=38）和无LVD组（n=70）,比较两组临床资料、血清ANGPTL4、Betatrophin、Vaspin水平、血糖指标[空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2 h血糖（2hPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）]、血脂指标[总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）]。经Pearson线性相关分析患者血清ANGPTL4、Betatrophin、Vaspin水平与血糖、血脂指标相关性。经Logistic多因素回归模型分析患者LVD发生的影响因素。结果：LVD组舒张压、收缩压均高于无LVD组（P＜0.05）。LVD组血清Betatrophin水平及TC、TG、LDL-C、FPG、2hPG、HbA1c高于无LVD组,血清ANGPTL4、Vaspin水平及HDL-C低于无LVD组（P＜0.05）。Pearson线性相关分析显示,血清ANGPTL4、Vaspin与TC、TG、LDL-C、FPG、2hPG、HbA1c呈负相关,与HDL-C呈正相关（P＜0.05）。血清Betatrophin与TC、TG、LDL-C、FPG、2hPG、HbA1c呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关（P＜0.05）。Logistic多因素回归模型分析结果显示,血清ANGPTL4、Betatrophin、Vaspin以及舒张压、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、FPG、2hPG、HbA1c是患者LVD发生的影响因素（P＜0.05）。结论：老年T2DM合并LVD患者的血清ANGPTL4、Vaspin水平明显下降,而血清Betatrophin水平升高,且三者与血糖、血脂指标均存在相关性,并且是患者发生LVD的影响因素,临床可考虑通过检测血清ANGPTL4、Betatrophin、Vaspin水平,辅助评估LVD的发生风险。     

含乳杆菌的益生菌制剂干预2型糖尿病疗效及安全性的Meta分析

目的 系统评价益生菌类制剂治疗2型糖尿病的疗效及安全性，尤其是包含乳杆菌的益生菌制剂的疗效。方法 运用计算机检索Embase、Cochrane、Pubmed数据库，搜索益生菌干预2型糖尿病的临床随机对照试验。应用Review manager 5.4.1软件进行Meta分析，最终纳入16项研究，包含1 015名患者。结果 试验组的干预方式在改善患者空腹血糖[SMD=–0.37,95%CI（–0.52，–0.23）,P<0.01]、改善胰岛素抵抗[SMD=–0.39,95%CI（–0.55，–0.24）,P<0.01]、提高高密度脂蛋白[SMD=0.22,95%CI(0.07,0.38),P<0.01]、降低甘油三酯[SMD=–0.18,95%CI（–0.33，–0.03）,P=0.02]水平方面优于对照组，而在患者体质量指数[MD=0.27,95%CI（–0.45,1.00）,P=0.46]、胆固醇[SMD=0.01,95%CI（–0.13,0.15）,P=0.94]、高敏C-反应蛋白[SMD=–0.15,95%CI（–0.33,0.02）,P=0.09]、收缩压[MD...     

9758 例健康体检者血糖与血脂的关系分析

目的:探讨健康体检人群血糖与血脂现况及两者之间的相关性。方法:采集我院9758例健康体检者的空腹静脉血,检测其空腹血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)水平,比较不同FPG水平组间各血脂水平,分析FPG水平与血脂的相关性。结果:各年龄组FPG、TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C水平差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);FPG均与TC、TG和LDL-C水平呈现正相关(r=0.127,0.189,0.141,P0.005),而与HDL-C呈现负相关(r=-0.112,P0.005);根据FPG水平由高到低分为糖尿病(DM)组,血糖调节受损(IFG)组及血糖正常组,其中对TC和LDL-C水平异常率而言,IFG组DM组血糖正常组;对TG、HDL-C水平异常率而言,DM组IFG组血糖正常组。结论:健康人群中血糖和血脂水平呈现一定的相关性,两者的水平异常会增加慢性疾病的发生风险。     

血清Fractalkine、Apelin水平与糖尿病视网膜病变患者血糖、血脂以及病程的关系研究

目的:研究血清Fractalkine(FKN)、爱帕琳肽(Apelin)水平与糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)患者血糖、血脂以及病程的关系。方法:选取我院于2015年1月至2016年12月收治的160例糖尿病患者为研究对象,行眼底荧光造影、裂隙灯显微镜检查,按照检查结果将其区分为非增生型DR组(稳定组,43例)、背景期DR组(背景组,62例)和增殖期DR组(增殖组,55例),另外于同期选取我院40例健康体检者为健康对照组(健康组),测量4组血清FKN、Apelin、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)水平,使用Pearson相关性分析分析血清FKN、Apelin与FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、HDL-C、LDL-C、TG、TC、糖尿病病程的相关性。结果:血清FKN、Apelin水平比较:增殖组背景组稳定组健康组,各组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);血清FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、LDL-C、TG、TC水平比较:增殖组背景组稳定组健康组,各组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);血清HDL-C水平比较:健康组稳定组背景组增殖组,各组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);采用Pearson相关性分析显示,血清FKN水平与FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、LDL-C、TG、TC、糖尿病病程呈正相关性(r=0.321、0.215、0.645、0.154、0.215、0.325、0.578,P0.05),与HDL-C呈负相关性(r=-0.547,P0.05);血清Apelin水平与FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、LDL-C、TG、TC、糖尿病病程呈正相关性(r=0.245、0.574、0.951、0.357、0.357、0.159、0.546,P0.05),与HDL-C呈负相关性(r=-0.459,P0.05);糖尿病病程、HbA1c、LDL-C、HDL-C、FKN和Apelin为DR病程的相关影响因素。结论:糖尿病伴发DR患者血清FKN、Apelin水平随着病程的加重逐渐增加,且这两种因子的水平与患者血糖、血脂代谢关系密切。     

短期胰岛素泵强化治疗对2型糖尿病患者血清C-反应蛋白水平的影响

目的:通过比较短期胰岛素泵持续皮下胰岛素输注(CSⅡ)治疗前后初诊2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP),胰岛素抵抗水平(Insulin Resistance,IR)和胰岛β细胞功能(β-cell function)的变化,评价CSⅡ对初诊T2DM患者CRP的改善情况.方法:对空腹血糖(FPG)＞13mmol/L或餐后两小时血糖＞15 mmol/L的初诊T2DM患者63例(男33例,女30例)行为期2周的CSⅡ治疗,并于治疗前后测定血清CRP、FPG、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、餐后两小时血糖(2hPG),对各指标进行分析.结果:1.治疗后CRP和HOMA-IR明显低于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).2.治疗后HOMA-β明显高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).3.CRP水平与FPG(r=0.26,P＜0.05),HOMA-IR(r=0.21,P＜0.05)呈正相关.结论:对伴有明显高血糖的初诊T2DM患者,CSⅡ治疗可以改善CRP水平和胰岛素抵抗.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.