西藏牦牛血液酶活性与生产性能的相关性研究

测定了 2 8头西藏牦牛血液中 6种酶的活性 ,探讨了 6种酶活性与生产性能的关系。相关分析表明 ,LDH活性与产奶量、CAT活性与腹毛长呈极显著的正相关 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,AKP活性与体重、Amy活性与体重呈显著正相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,SOD活性与体重呈显著负相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。逐步回归分析表明 ,可以用LDH活性预测牦牛产奶量 ,用AKP、CAT、Amy 3种酶活性预测牦牛体重 ,用CAT、Amy活性预测牦牛腹毛长。因此 ,有望将LDH、AKP、CAT和Amy等酶活性作为生化遗传标记应用于牦牛产奶量、体重、腹毛长的选择中     

内皮素-1预处理对培养乳鼠心肌细胞低氧损伤的保护作用

实验观察了 0 0 1- 1nmol/L内皮素 1(ET 1)预处理对低氧孵育 ( 3 %O2 5 %CO2 ,12h)的培养乳鼠心肌细胞乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)释放量、培养液上清超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性以及丙二醛 (MDA)含量的影响。用Fluo 3 /AM负载培养的心肌细胞 ,在激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下监测急性低氧的心肌细胞 [Ca2 +]i 的变化和ET 1预处理对低氧所致 [Ca2 +]i 变化的影响。结果如下 :( 1)心肌细胞低氧孵育 12h后 ,培养液上清LDH活力和MDA含量较常氧对照组明显升高 ,分别为 43 3 3± 1 2 1U/Lvs 19 3 3± 1 0 3U/L和 1 71± 0 0 2nmol/Lvs 0 91± 0 0 3nmol/L (P<0 0 1) ,SOD活性为 16 93± 1 11U/ml明显低于常氧对照组的 3 3 48± 1 15U/ml (P <0 0 1) ;0 0 1- 1nmol/LET 1预处理呈浓度依赖性抑制低氧培养心肌细胞LDH释放 ,减少培养液上清MDA含量、提高SOD活性 (P <0 0 1)。 ( 2 )低氧灌流后 2 9± 1 5s (n =2 3 )心肌细胞自发性钙瞬变完全终止 ,[Ca2 +]i 升高了 10 7± 13 2 % (P <0 0 0 1) ;0 0 1- 1nmol/LET 1能明显加快心肌细胞钙瞬变的频率 (P <0 0 1) ;ET 1预处理后低氧所致钙瞬变终止的时间较单纯低氧组明显推迟 ,[Ca2 +]i过度升高被明显减轻 (P <0 0 1)。上述结果表明 ,0 0 1- 1nmol/LET 1预处理可减轻培     

西藏牦牛血液酶活性与生产性能的相关性研究

测定了28头西藏牦牛血液中6种酶的活性,探讨了6种酶活性与生产性能的关系。相关分析表明,LDH活性与产奶量、CAT活性与腹毛长呈极显著的正相关（P＜0．01）,AKP活性与体重、Amy活性与体重呈显著正相关（P＜0．05）,SOD活性与体重呈显著负相关（P＜0．05）。逐步回归分析表明,可以用LDH活性预测牦牛产奶量,用AKP、CAT、Amy 3种酶活性预测牦牛体重,用CAT、Amy活性预测牦牛腹毛长。因此,有望将LDH、AKP、CAT和Amy等酶活性作为生化遗传标记应用于牦牛产奶量、体重、腹毛长的选择中。     

东方田鼠昼夜活动节律观察

在半自然条件下观察了洞庭湖区东方田鼠的昼夜活动节律。该鼠昼夜均活动 ,两个活动高峰分别出现在日出和日落前后 ,夜间活动明显多于白昼。该鼠昼夜均取食、饮水 ,昼夜间差异不显著。雌鼠巢外活动、取食和饮水分别为 ( 1 0 85 0± 35 1 0 )s、( 1 1 0 3± 6 4 3)s和 ( 96 0± 5 0 4 )s;雄鼠分别为 ( 1 1 4 2 3±6 0 5 9)s、( 1 2 93± 733)s和 ( 1 2 0 1± 5 6 1 )s,巢外活动、取食及饮水时间量及频次雌雄间差异均不显著。雌雄同巢时间为 ( 1 0 4 42± 5 2 4 9)h。     

马麝生理生化正常值的测定

对甘肃兴隆山国家级自然保护区人工养麝场的马麝 3项临床指标、6项血液生理指标和 1 3项血清生化指标进行了测定。结果表明 ,成麝体温为 ( 39 94± 0 87)℃ ,呼吸 ( 1 2 4 67± 1 7 2 9)次 min ,心率( 1 2 4 67± 1 7 2 9)次 min;红细胞 ( 2 0 1 9± 4 95 )× 1 0 12 L ,白细胞计数 ( 1 2 4 76± 5 4 96)× 1 0 9 L ,PCV 0 5 78±0 0 3;血糖 ( 8 2 64± 2 0 5 6)mmol L ,K( 4 4 85± 0 2 4 3)mmol L ,Na ( 1 38 2± 1 6 64)mmol L ,Ca ( 2 75 8± 0 31 )mmol L ,总蛋白 ( 74 70 5± 8 1 5 9)g L ,白蛋白 ( 5 2 77± 2 2 32 )g L ,球蛋白 ( 2 1 4 8± 7 2 76)g L等。     

腺苷抗豚鼠室性心律失常的电生理研究

实验用全细胞膜片钳技术在单个豚鼠心室肌细胞上研究了腺苷 (Ado)对正常及异丙肾上腺素 (Iso)致豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位、迟后除极 (DAD)、L 型钙电流 (ICa.L)和短暂内向电流 (Iti)的作用。结果表明 :(1)Ado在2 0～ 10 0 μmol/L时对豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位和ICa .L无明显直接作用 ,但却可明显降低Iso所致的动作电位时程(APD)延长和ICa .L峰值增大 ,Iso (10nmol/L)使细胞APD50 从 3 40± 2 1ms延长到 486± 2 8ms (P <0 0 1) ,APD90从 3 61± 17ms延长至 5 0 1± 2 9ms (P <0 0 1) ;ICa .L峰值从 - 6 5 3± 1 4pA/pF增大到 - 18 2 8± 2 4pA/pF (P <0 0 1) ,电流电压曲线明显左移和下移 ;Ado (5 0 μmol/L)使APD50 和APD90 降至 40 3± 19ms和 419± 2 6ms ,但并不影响动作电位其它参数 ,使ICa.L峰值降低至 - 10 2± 1 5pA/pF (P <0 0 1)。 (2 )Iso (3 0nmol/L)可诱发心室肌细胞产生DADs,其发生率为 10 0 % ;Ado (5 0 μmol/L)可完全抑制Iso引发DADs;细胞经 - 40～ +2 0mV、时程 2s的除极电压 ,Iso (3 0nmol/L)诱导出Iti,其发生率为 10 0 % ;Ado (5 0 μmol/L)可明显抑制Iso致Iti的发生 ,其发生率降为 14 3 %。研究结果提示 ,Ado对豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位和ICa.L无明显直接作用 ,但却可显著降低Is     

肺结核病患者PBMC膜白介素-2受体(CD25)表达及其临床意义

目的 :探讨外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC)膜白介素 - 2受体 m IL- 2 R,(CD2 5 )表达在肺结核病鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法 :用生物素 -链霉亲和素 (BSA)法检测肺结核、支气管肺炎患者 T细胞亚群及植物血凝素 (PHA)诱导前后 CD2 5表达水平。结果 :支气管肺炎患者 CD+ 3、CD+ 4、CD+ 8水平分别为 (6 2 .32±6 .34) %、(47.5 2± 7.16 ) %、(32 .12± 6 .5 5 ) % ,CD+ 4/ CD+ 8比值为 1.5 2± 0 .4 3,PHA诱导前后 CD2 5水平分别为 (4.5 6± 1.5 2 ) %、(35 .12± 7.2 1) %。空洞型肺结核 CD+ 3、CD+ 4、CD+ 8、CD+ 4/ CD+ 8水平分别为 (41.13±5 .2 5 ) %、(43.38± 5 .15 ) %、(36 .2 5± 3.4 6 ) %和 1.15± 0 .2 1,非空洞型肺结核 CD+ 3、CD+ 4、CD+ 8、CD+ 4/ CD+ 8水平分别为 (46 .2 9± 5 .6 0 ) %、(47.2 1± 4 .86 ) %、(32 .36± 4 .0 3) %、1.4 6± 0 .2 5 ,相互比较 CD+ 3、CD+ 3/CD+ 8差异均有显著性 (P<0 .0 1和 P<0 .0 5 )。空洞型肺结核与非空洞型肺结核患者 PHA诱导前后 CD2 5水平分别为 (2 .13± 1.14 ) %、(2 7.2 5± 3.5 0 ) %和 (3.4 3± 1.35 ) %、(31.14± 4 .11) % ,两者相比差异均有显著性 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :肺结核病患者体内存在明显的细胞免疫功能紊乱 ,主要表现为 CD2 5表达水平降     

西藏牦牛微卫星DNA的遗传多样性

为了解西藏牦牛品种或类群的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,文章选用8对微卫星标记引物,利用PCR和复合电泳银染技术,通过计算基因频率(P)、有效等位基因数(Ne)、群体杂合度(He)、多态信息含量(PIC)和遗传距离(D),对西藏11个牦牛类群共480个个体进行了遗传多样性和系统进化分析。结果表明:(1)8个微卫星标记在西藏牦牛类群中均表现出多态性,且均属高度多态位点,遗传多样性丰富;(2)8个微卫星标记的平均多态信息含量在西藏牦牛类群中均高于0.5,其中HEL13最高为0.8496,TGLA57最低为0.7349;在11个牦牛类群中,桑日牦牛的平均多态信息含量最高(0.7949),该群体内部存在较多的遗传变异;丁青牦牛最低(0.7505),则群体相对较纯;(3)在11个牦牛类群中,其杂合度大小分别为:桑日(0.8193)>江达(0.8190)>桑桑(0.8157)>巴青(0.8150)>康布(0.8123)>嘉黎(0.8087)>工布江达(0.8054)>斯布(0.8041)>类乌齐(0.8033)>帕里(0.8031)>丁青(0.7831),西藏东部牦牛的遗传多样性较西部的遗传多样性大,预示西藏东部可能是牦牛的发源地之一;(4)根据遗传距离,用UPGMA法构建聚类关系,表明西藏11个牦牛类群可以分为三大类,即嘉黎牦牛、帕里牦牛、桑桑牦牛、巴青牦牛、类乌齐牦牛、康布牦牛聚为一类,斯布牦牛、工布江达牦牛、桑日额牛、江达牦牛聚为一类,丁青牦牛单独成为一类。综上所述,西藏牦牛的遗传多样性较丰富,所选微卫星标记可用于西藏牦牛遗传多样性的评估。     

一氧化氮供体对过氧化氢引起的心肌细胞损伤的保护作用

关于一氧化氮(NO)对心肌细胞是否具有保护作用目前尚存在争议,为探讨NO对过氧化氢(H2O2)引起的心肌细胞损伤是否具有保护作用及其可能的机制,实验将体外培养的新生大鼠心肌细胞分为3组(1)阴性对照组(Normal组);(2)H2O2组H2O2(0.1mmol/L)与心肌细胞共育4h;(3)S-亚硝基-N-乙酰青霉胺(SNAP)+H2O2组NO供体SNAP(0.5mmol/L)处理心肌细胞10min后,加入H2O2与心肌细胞共育4 h.用流式细胞术检测心肌细胞凋亡率,心肌细胞损伤程度以心肌细胞存活率和乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)活性来表示,同时检测心肌细胞超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量.通过激光共聚焦显微术检测在不同处理条件下心肌细胞胞内钙的变化.结果表明,正常心肌细胞LDH活性和细胞存活率分别为631.4±75.6 U/L和93.1±6.2%,细胞凋亡率为0;H2O2处理细胞后可使细胞LDH活性显著增高(1580.5±186.7 U/L,P＜0.01),细胞存活率明显下降(58.3±7.6%,P＜0.01),流式细胞仪检测到大量心肌细胞凋亡,凋亡率为26.4±5.7%;SOD活性较正常细胞19.67±0.85 NU/ml显著下降,为14.73±1.68 NU/m(P＜0.01),MDA含量较正常细胞6.95±0.83μmol/L显著增高,为15.35±3.49μmol/L(P＜0.01).SNAP预处理细胞可显著提高心肌细胞存活率(79.7±9.3%,P＜0.01),降低LDH活性和细胞凋亡率(分别为957.8±110.9 U/L和9.1±3.3%,P＜0.01);并提高细胞抗氧化能力,表现为较H2O2处理组的SOD活性增高(21.36±3.11 NU/ml,P＜0.01),MDA含量下降(9.12±1.47 μmol/L,P＜0.01).激光共聚焦显微镜检测结果表明,H2O2可升高细胞内钙,而SNAP则可降低细胞内钙,SNAP预处理细胞后可取消H2O2升高细胞内钙的作用.上述结果提示,NO供体SNAP可对抗H2O2对心肌细胞的损伤,其机制与提高心肌细胞抗氧化损伤能力和对抗H2O2引起的细胞内钙超载有关.     

螺旋藻过氧化氢酶的比较研究*

采用碘量法对毛乌素沙地碱湖的钝顶螺旋藻S1 与国外引进的钝顶螺旋藻S2 和极大螺旋藻S3 的过氧化氢酶 (CAT)进行了比较研究。结果表明 :S1 、S2 和S3CAT活性在 2 5℃、pH 7 0时分别为 41 0 7U/g·FW、 550 4U/g·FW和 370 3U/g·FW ;Km值分别为 5 0× 1 0 ^{- 2}mol/L、 5 4× 1 0 ^{- 2} mol/L和 3 8× 1 0 ^{- 2} mol/L ;最适温度分别为 2 5℃     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.