花生与药材套种对土壤微生物区系的影响

通过茅苍术、京大戟、黄姜（盾叶薯蓣）、半夏和阔叶麦冬5种药用植物与花生套种的盆栽试验,测定了不同时期花生土壤中的细菌、放线菌、霉菌和酵母菌数量,探讨利用药用植物套种花生缓解花生连作障碍的可行性.结果表明：茅苍术组和京大戟组抑制土壤霉菌效果最好,在花生花针期分别比对照组减少了53.87%和29.59%;在花生收获后的土壤中霉菌数量增加,有利于物质循环和养分还田.茅苍术、京大戟和半夏组土壤中细菌数量增加. 在花生花针期,5种药用植物套作组土壤中酵母菌数量均高于对照.霉菌形态鉴定结果表明,在茅苍术、京大戟和黄姜套作组中均未检测出花生常见病原菌.药用植物和花生套种可以有效调节土壤微生物区系.     

内生真菌与苍术粉对连作花生根际微生物区系和微量元素的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了内生真菌拟茎点霉B3(Phomopsis liquidambari)及苍术(Atractylodes lancea)粉联合施用对连作花生根际土壤微生物区系、酶活性及有效态微量元素(Mo、B、DTPA-Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn)含量的影响。结果表明:内生真菌B3和苍术粉复合处理比内生真菌B3处理的荚果和秸秆产量分别增加10.28%和14.11%,内生真菌B3处理与正常施肥相比显著提高了根瘤数量、荚果和秸秆产重,各处理组与正常施肥对照相比分枝数和根长无显著差异。B3处理与对照相比显著提高了种子期、结荚期和成熟期根际土壤可培养细菌和放线菌数量,B3和苍术粉复合处理与对照相比显著提高种子期、花期和成熟期可培养真菌和放线菌数量;细菌DGGE指纹图谱聚类分析表明,B3和苍术粉复合处理相对于正常施肥处理,显著改变种子期、苗期、花期和成熟期花生根际土壤细菌群落结构,同时苗期、花期和结荚期的细菌条带数和香农指数也有所提高,真菌DGGE指纹图谱聚类分析表明,B3和苍术粉复合处理对真菌群落影响较大,除种子期以外的生育期真菌条带数和香农指数都有明显提高,花期真菌群落结构变化最大,相似度仅为49.6%。花生关键生育期(花期和结荚期)根际土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性B3处理和复合处理都显著高于正常施肥对照,促进了连作花生生态系统的物质循环和能量流动。B3和苍术粉复合处理促进了花生生长发育必需微量元素Mo、B、Fe、Zn、Mn的活化,花生叶片和籽粒中微量元素Mo、B、Fe的积累显著增加。研究结果表明,内生真菌和苍术粉联合施用能有效改善连作花生根际微生物区系,提高土壤酶活性,促进微量元素的活化和吸收,对缓解花生连作障碍具有重要意义。     

施加内生真菌对花生连作土壤微生物和酶活性的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了在土壤中施加植物内生真菌拟茎点霉NJ4.1菌株、B3菌株和角担子菌B6菌株在花生不同生育时期对土壤微生物学特性及酶活力的影响.结果表明:B3处理显著提高花生荚果产量,为对照的1.2倍;施加内生菌NJ4.1、B3和B6能显著增加花生根瘤数量,分别为对照的1.2、1.3和1.3倍.3个加菌处理全生育期平均细菌和放线菌数量高于对照,萌发期和苗期土壤微生物生物量碳(SMBC)显著高于对照,微生物生物量氮(SMBN)在花生萌发期升高,开花期降低.花生开花期土壤DGGE图谱表明,B3处理土壤细菌和真菌条带数量以及多样性最高.从萌发期到成熟期,与对照相比,3个加菌处理的土壤蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性提高,脲酶活性无显著变化.表明施加内生菌对连作花生土壤环境有一定的改善作用,其中施用B3效果最好.     

加工番茄连作对农田土壤酶活性及微生物区系的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了连作及活性炭处理对加工番茄土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:加工番茄连作对其微生物区系及土壤酶活性产生一定影响。随连作年限的增加,过氧化氢酶活性呈上升趋势,而脲酶、多酚氧化酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶活性呈下降趋势,通过活性碳处理后,脲酶、土壤蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶、磷酸酶活性比对照(未活性炭处理)增加,而过氧化氢酶活性降低。随连作年限的增加,连作2a和3a的细菌数量分别比1a降低12.1%和16.8%,真菌数量连作2a和3a分别比种植1a时提高20%和60%,放线菌数量连作2a和3a土壤中分别是种植1a的1.04倍和1.12倍,通过活性碳处理后,细菌的数量在连作2a和3a时分别比对照增加5.8%和1.6%,放线菌和真菌数量比对照分别降低13.0%、23.1%和8.3%、50%。反硫化细菌数量随连作年限延长而增加,硝酸细菌和好氧性自身固氮菌数量减少。可见通过活性炭处理可减轻自毒物质对加工番茄土壤酶和微生物的影响,从而缓解加工番茄连作障碍。     

拟茎点霉B3与有机肥配施对连作草莓生长的影响

通过盆栽试验探讨了内生拟茎点霉B3与有机肥配施对连作草莓土壤的改善及对草莓生长的影响。试验共设5个处理,分别为对照(CK)、施有机肥与灭菌固体培养基(A)、施有机肥与内生拟茎点霉B3固体菌种(B)、施有机肥与绿色木霉、黑曲霉、枯草芽孢杆菌固体菌种(C)、施加有机肥与绿色木霉、黑曲霉、枯草芽孢杆菌和内生拟茎点霉B3固体菌种(D)。结果表明:A、B、C和D处理平均单果鲜重分别为对照(CK)的1.1、1.4、0.9和1.1倍。B处理比对照增产19.7%,A处理增产8.2%,C和D处理产量均比CK低。B处理草莓生长最好,植株株高及叶面积均值比其它4个处理大。发病率及病情指数结果表明B处理抗病效果最明显,推断内生拟茎点霉B3可以用作生防菌剂。进一步的研究表明土壤真菌和细菌数量在整个生育期先上升后下降,在花期达到最大。成熟期A、B、C、D处理的土壤放线菌数量分别比CK增加7.2%、160.3%、124.5%及82.6%。在花期,B处理及D处理蔗糖酶酶活达到最大,其中A、B、C及D处理的蔗糖酶酶活分别比CK高11.1%、69.4%、50.3%及77.2%。B处理整个生育期都保持较高的土壤蔗糖酶活性。花期是草莓生长的关键期,需氮量较高。A、B、C及D处理脲酶酶活分别比CK处理高250.0%、700.0%、250.0%及175.0%,B处理花期土壤脲酶酶活性显著高于其它4个处理,促进了有机氮向速效氮的转化。花期A、C处理磷酸酶酶活比对照低67.0%、46.7%,B、D处理比对照高122.5%,227.5%。B处理在整个生育期都有较高的土壤磷酸酶酶活, D处理组在花期土壤磷酸酶酶活较高。可见含内生拟茎点霉B3菌的B及D处理组能增加土壤磷酸酶酶活。B处理在苗期和花期土壤纤维素酶活较低,而结果期和成熟期较高。说明内生拟茎点霉B3菌剂与有机肥配施可以改善连作草莓土壤微生物区系,提高土壤酶活性,增强草莓抗病能力,增加草莓产量,是一种有效缓解草莓连作障碍的方法。     

木薯/花生间作对根际土壤微生态的影响

为了探明木薯/花生间作在增产增收的同时对土壤微生态的影响,研究木薯和花生以不同行距(30 cm,40 cm,50 cm)间作的根际土壤养分、微生物及相关酶活性的变化。结果表明:木薯/花生间作可增加根际土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌及总微生物数量和微生物多样性,30 cm间作行距的木薯、花生根际土壤微生物总数量分别比单作木薯、花生增加了129.6%和101.1%;间作根际土壤碱解氮、有效磷、有效钾和有机质含量相比单作增加,50 cm间作花生的根际土壤碱解氮、有效磷、有效钾量比单作花生增加了145.9%~195.9%,30 cm间作木薯的根际土壤有效钾、有效磷含量分别比单作木薯增加了161.8%和187.9%;木薯/花生间作的根际土壤过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶活性活性相比单作升高,间作土壤脲酶和蛋白酶活性相比单作降低,30 cm间作木薯的根际土壤过氧化氢酶活性比单作木薯增加了59.2%,50 cm间作花生的根际土壤蔗糖酶活性比单作花生增加了97.4%。可见,木薯/花生间作可改善根际土壤微生态坏境,且适宜的间作行距更利于土壤养分含量和微生物数量的增加。     

内生真菌重组漆酶rLACB3修复花生连作土壤

土壤中酚酸类物质的积累是导致花生连作障碍的主要原因之一,真菌漆酶可以有效地转化酚酸类物质,但还没有报道将漆酶直接应用于连作土壤的修复。本研究使用盆钵试验研究了不同浓度的漆酶rLACB3对连作土壤修复的效果。处理30 d后,施加500 U·kg-1漆酶处理的修复效果优于20和100 U·kg-1。在花生根际土壤中,500 U·kg-1漆酶处理的可培养细菌、放线菌、固氮菌数量和对照相比分别提高33.0%、37.7%和30.2%。使用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析根际土壤微生物区系表明,500 U·kg-1漆酶处理的细菌、真菌和固氮菌的Shannon多样性指数比对照分别提高9.0%、17.3%和14.8%。根际土壤中3种酚酸物质香豆酸、4-羟基苯甲酸和香草酸,500 U·kg-1漆酶处理比对照分别减少41.2%、43.8%和35.9%。花生生物量和结瘤数量,500 U·kg-1漆酶处理比对照分别增加17.9%和17.4%。综上表明,内生真菌重组漆酶rLACB3在连作土壤修复中具有较好的应用潜力。     

摩西斗管囊霉改善连作花生根际土壤的微环境

花生(Arachis hypogaea)长期连作导致土壤环境恶化,严重影响产量和品质。丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)作为有益真菌能够与80%的陆生植物根系形成共生关系,这种共生体能够改善植物根系微环境,提高植物对营养物质的吸收和对逆境胁迫的抗性。为了探究AMF对花生连作土壤微环境的影响,该研究通过对花生连作土壤接种和未接种摩西斗管囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae)试验,在花生不同生长期检测根际土壤的酶活性、土壤矿物质含量、土壤微生物群落结构和多度的变化情况,以及对连作花生产量和品质的影响。研究结果表明:1)摩西斗管囊霉能够显著提高花生根际土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和硝酸还原酶的活性; 2)摩西斗管囊霉显著增加花生连作土壤中全氮、全磷、全钾、速效磷和速效钾的含量; 3)摩西斗管囊霉显著降低土壤中有害真菌曲霉菌属(Aspergillus)的多度,减少镰刀菌属(Fusarium)和赤霉菌属(Gibberella)的多度,但是没有达到显著水平,显著增加有益细菌放线菌Gaiella属的多度; 4)摩西斗管囊霉显著提高连作花生的产量,增加籽仁中蛋白质、油酸和亚油酸的含量。因此,摩西斗管囊霉能够改善连作花生根际土壤微生态环境,增强连作土壤对致病菌的抵抗能力,从而缓解连作障碍对花生根系的危害。     

摩西斗管囊霉改善连作花生根际土壤的微环境

花生(Arachis hypogaea)长期连作导致土壤环境恶化, 严重影响产量和品质。丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)作为有益真菌能够与80%的陆生植物根系形成共生关系, 这种共生体能够改善植物根系微环境, 提高植物对营养物质的吸收和对逆境胁迫的抗性。为了探究AMF对花生连作土壤微环境的影响, 该研究通过对花生连作土壤接种和未接种摩西斗管囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae)试验, 在花生不同生长期检测根际土壤的酶活性、土壤矿物质含量、土壤微生物群落结构和多度的变化情况, 以及对连作花生产量和品质的影响。研究结果表明: 1)摩西斗管囊霉能够显著提高花生根际土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和硝酸还原酶的活性; 2)摩西斗管囊霉显著增加花生连作土壤中全氮、全磷、全钾、速效磷和速效钾的含量; 3)摩西斗管囊霉显著降低土壤中有害真菌曲霉菌属(Aspergillus)的多度, 减少镰刀菌属(Fusarium)和赤霉菌属(Gibberella)的多度, 但是没有达到显著水平, 显著增加有益细菌放线菌Gaiella属的多度; 4)摩西斗管囊霉显著提高连作花生的产量, 增加籽仁中蛋白质、油酸和亚油酸的含量。因此, 摩西斗管囊霉能够改善连作花生根际土壤微生态环境, 增强连作土壤对致病菌的抵抗能力, 从而缓解连作障碍对花生根系的危害。     

施加角担子菌B6对连作西瓜土壤微环境和西瓜生长的影响

在盆栽条件下,研究了施加角担子菌B6的菌丝对连作西瓜的土壤微生物区系以及产量的影响,以探索西瓜连作障碍的生物防治措施。施加B6的活菌丝(C)显著减少土壤中真菌的数量、增加细菌/放线菌的比例,在西瓜成熟期,与对照(A)和施加灭活的B6菌丝(B)相比,土壤中尖孢镰刀菌(FO)的数量分别减少了29.9%和63.3%。相比对照(A),在成熟期,C处理中土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶的活力分别提高了19.0%、159.0%和31.3%;西瓜超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性分别增加32.7%和4.6%,西瓜根系活力(TTC法)增强46.2%,丙二醛(MDA)含量减少51.4%。与对照(A)和施加灭活B6菌(B)相比,施加B6菌(C)后,西瓜单果重分别增加44.8%和40.9%,总产量分别增加103.8%和64.9%,可溶性糖含量分别增加35.1%和10.0%。施加B6的活菌丝能够通过改善土壤微环境,提高西瓜植株的抵抗力,进而增加产量。     

玉米/花生间作对土壤微生物和土壤养分状况的影响

通过大田试验,研究了玉米/花生间作对玉米和花生根区土壤微生物和土壤养分状况的影响.结果表明：与单作相比,间作能显著提高玉米和花生根区的土壤细菌数量;间作花生根区土壤真菌和放线菌数量与单作无显著差异;间作玉米根区土壤真菌和放线菌数量比单作明显提高;间作作物根区微生物群落功能多样性和代谢活性比单作有所改善.玉米/花生间作不同程度提高了整个间作系统根区的土壤碱解氮、速效磷、有机质含量及EC值,其中,间作玉米根区土壤养分的增加更为明显,说明玉米/花生间作可以较明显地改善两种作物根区的微生物和养分状况,土壤微生态环境的改善又会促进作物地上部的生长.     

Peanut/maize intercropping induced changes in rhizosphere and nutrient concentrations in shoots.

A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the rhizosphere effects on iron (Fe), phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) nutrition in peanut plants (Arachis hypogaea L.) by intercropping them with maize (Zea mays L.). In addition, we studied the release of phytosiderophores and the ferric reductase activity of roots, pH and acid phosphatases in the rhizosphere and bulk soil, and the secretion of acid phosphatases in roots. Our results revealed that shoot yields of peanut and maize plants were decreased by intercropping the plants, as compared to monocultured plants. Growing peanut plants in a mixture with maize, enhanced the shoot concentrations of Fe and Zn nearly 2.5-fold in peanut, while the Mn concentrations of peanut were little affected by intercropping. In the case of maize, the shoot concentrations of Fe, Zn and Mn were not significantly affected by intercropping with peanut. Intercropping also improved the shoot K concentration of peanut and maize, while it negatively affected the Ca concentration. In the intercropping of peanut/maize, the acid phosphatase activity of the rhizosphere and bulk soil and root secreted acid phosphatases were significantly higher than that of monocultured peanut and maize. In accordance, the shoot P concentrations of peanut and maize plants were much higher when they were intercropped with peanut or maize, respectively. The rhizosphere and bulk soil pH values were not clearly affected by different cropping systems. When compared to their monoculture treatments, the secretion of phytosiderophore from roots and the root ferric reducing capacity of the roots were either not affected or increased by 2-fold by the intercropping, respectively. The results indicate the importance of intercropping systems as a promising management practice to alleviate Fe deficiency stress. Intercropping also contributes to better nutrition of plants with Zn, P and K, most probably by affecting biological and chemical process in the rhizosphere.     

玉米 线辣椒套作系统中土壤养分与根际土壤微生物、酶活性的关系

采用玉米单作、线辣椒单作、玉米-线辣椒套作3种栽培模式,并在玉米-线辣椒套作的种间根部设3种不同隔离处理（膜隔、网隔和无隔）,研究了玉米-线辣椒套作系统中土壤生物因子与土壤养分的关系．结果表明：玉米-线辣椒套作具有明显优势;与两作物单作和玉米-线辣椒套作种间根区膜隔处理相比,玉米-线辣椒根区无隔和网隔处理复合群体中两作物根际土壤酶活性、微生物数量、土壤养分均显著提高;除有效镁与真菌种群数量、过氧化氢酶活性呈负相关外,其余速效养分与各生物因子均呈显著或极显著正相关．通径分析表明,该系统中促进有机质累积的主要生物因素是脲酶、过氧化氢酶、细菌和蛋白酶,蔗糖酶是影响碱解氮的最主要因子,脲酶是影响有效磷的最主要因子,细菌是影响有效钾的最主要因子,碱性磷酸酶、真菌只是选择性地对有机质的累积和氮、磷、钾有效养分的形成起作用,放线菌对土壤养分的直接作用系数为负,对土壤养分形成的作用较小．     

不同花生棉花间作模式对花生生育后期生理特性及产量的影响

棉花花生间作是充分利用土地资源、缓解棉油争地矛盾的重要种植方式。在大田栽培条件下,以‘花育25’和‘聊棉19’为试验材料,设置花生和棉花种植比例分别为4∶4(H₄M₄)、6∶4(H₆M₄)和4∶2(H₄M₂)3种间作模式,以单作花生(DH)和单作棉花(DM)为对照,研究不同花生棉花间作比例对花生生育后期生理特性、产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明: 与花生单作相比,棉花花生间作促进了花生茎秆的生长,但降低了叶面积指数、主茎绿叶数和干物质积累总量,易造成花生的旺长和倒伏。不同间作模式相比,H₆M₄和H₆M₄的花生叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、硝酸还原酶活性和根系活力显著高于H₄M₄,并提高了超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性,降低了丙二醛含量。不同间作模式显著降低了花生产量和棉花产量,但经济总产值较单作棉花增加。各间作模式间相比,在H₆M₄间作模式中,花生减产幅度最小,经济总产值显著高于其他处理且土地当量比大于1,具有明显的间作优势。说明在花生棉花间作种植体系中,适当减小棉花在间作中所占的比例能够维持花生较高的光合能力,促进根系对养分的吸收,有利于延缓衰老,减弱对花生产量的影响。     

Effect of peanut mixed cropping with gramineous species on micronutrient concentrations and iron chlorosis of peanut plants grown in a calcareous soil

To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of improvement of iron nutrition of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) intercropped with maize (Zea mays L.) in calcareous soil, both greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to investigate the rhizosphere (phytosiderophores) effects from maize, barley, oats and wheat with different phytosiderophores release rates on iron nutrition and other micronutrients in calcareous soil. Six cropping treatments were examined in a greenhouse experiment: peanut grown separately in monoculture, normal peanut/maize intercropping (two genotypes: Danyu13, Zhongdan12), peanut/barley intercropping, peanut/oats intercropping, and peanut/wheat intercropping. Additionally, we investigated in a field experiment the same five cropping systems as the greenhouse experiment (maize/peanut intercropping not including Zhongdan12). Our results show that the chlorophyll and active Fe concentrations in the young leaves of the peanut in the intercropping system with different gramineous species were much higher than those of the peanut in monoculture. In greenhouse conditions, the Fe concentration in the shoots of peanut plants grown in the intercropping systems of two maize genotypes separately were 1.40–1.44, 1.47–1.64 and 1.15–1.42 times higher respectively than those of peanut plants grown in monocropping at 55, 60 and 70 days. In particular, the Fe concentration in shoots of peanut plants grown in the intercropping systems of barley, oats and wheat were not only higher than those in monocropping but also higher than those in peanut intercropped cropping with maize. In the field, the concentration of Fe in shoot of intercropped peanut plants in rows 1–3 from gramineous species were significantly higher than in monocropping at the flowering stage. Simultaneously with iron nutrition variation in peanut, Zn and Cu concentrations of intercropped grown peanut increased significantly compared to those in monocropping in the greenhouse experiment, and different intercropping treatments generally increased the Zn and Cu content in the shoot of peanut in the field. Systemic mechanisms may be involved in adaptation to nutrient stresses at the whole plant level. The study suggests that a reasonable intercropping system of nutrient efficient species should be considered to prevent or mitigate iron and zinc deficiency of plants in agricultural practice.     

Nitrogen fixation and N transfer from peanut to rice cultivated in aerobic soil in an intercropping system and its effect on soil N fertility

The novel cultivation of paddy rice in aerobic soil reveals the great potential not only for water-saving agriculture, but also for rice intercropping with legumes and both are important for the development of sustainable agriculture. A two-year field experiment was carried out to investigate the yield advantage of intercropping peanut (Arachis hypogaea L., Zhenyuanza 9102) and rice (Oryza sativa L., Wuyujing 99-15) in aerobic soil, and its effect on soil nitrogen (N) fertility. A pot experiment was also conducted to examine the N₂-fixation by peanut and N transfer from peanut to rice at three N fertilizer application rates, i.e., 15, 75 and 150 kg N ha^–1 using a ¹⁵N isotope dilution method. The results showed that the relative advantage of intercropping, expressed as land equivalent ratio (LER), was 1.41 in 2001 and 1.36 in 2002. Both area-adjusted yield and N content of rice were significantly increased in the intercropping system while those of peanut were not significantly different between intercropping and monocropping systems. The yields of rice grain and peanut, for example, were increased by 29–37% and 4–7% in the intercropping system when compared to the crop grown in the monocropping system. The intercropping advantage was mainly due to the sparing effect of soil inorganic N contributed by the peanut. This result was proved by the higher soil mineral N concentration under peanut monocropping and intercropping than under the rice monocropping system.%Ndfa (nitrogen derived from atmosphere) by peanut was 72.8, 56.5 and 35.4% under monocropping and 76.1, 53.3 and 50.7% under the intercropping system at N fertilizer application rates of 15, 75 and 150 kg ha^–1, respectively. The ¹⁵N-based estimates of N transfer from peanut (%NTFL) was 12.2, 9.2 and 6.2% at the three N fertilizer application rates. N transferred from peanut accounted for 11.9, 6.4 and 5.5% of the total N accumulated in the rice plants in intercropping at the same three N fertilizer application rates, suggesting that the transferred N from peanut in the intercropping system made a contribution to the N nutrition of rice, especially in low-N soil.     

一株伯克霍尔德菌的筛选鉴定及溶磷性能优化

为解决我国大部分耕地土壤中可溶性磷含量不足、植物生长困难的问题,本研究对一株溶磷微生物(PB)进行了筛选鉴定及溶磷性能优化。结果表明: 菌株PB属于伯克霍尔德菌。该菌具有固氮和分泌吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)等植物促生能力,对大肠杆菌也表现出一定的抑制效果;在pH 8.0～10.0范围内,菌株PB仍然能够保持较高的活性和溶磷能力,具有良好的耐碱性;溶磷性能优化结果表明,在30 ℃、pH 7.0、180 r·min^-1条件下,以葡萄糖为碳源、硫酸铵为氮源、磷酸三钙为磷源和添加50 μmol·L^-1赖氨酸时,菌株PB的溶磷能力达到最优,溶磷量为569.33 mg·L^-1,是优化前的1.9倍。该菌代谢过程中主要分泌柠檬酸、丙二酸和葡萄糖醛酸,添加赖氨酸后其分泌的有机酸种类不变,含量明显增加。盆栽试验表明,施用 PB菌肥能够显著促进大蒜幼苗的生长,而添加赖氨酸后促进效果更明显。与对照相比,PB加赖氨酸处理苗高增长18.6%,苗直径增长16.7%,地上部分鲜重和干重分别增长15.7%和22.1%,地下部分鲜重和干重分别增长22.0%和28.7%。土壤磷含量检测结果表明,PB和PB加赖氨酸处理土壤速效磷含量分别为对照的2.1和2.3倍,表明施用PB菌肥能够提高土壤中可溶性磷含量,而添加赖氨酸可以进一步强化PB菌肥的溶磷性能。     

Effects of tobacco–peanut relay intercropping on soil bacteria community structure

A reasonable cultivation pattern is beneficial to maintain soil microbial activity and optimize the structure of the soil microbial community. To determine the effect of tobacco−peanut (Nicotiana tabacum−Arachis hypogaea) relay intercropping on the microbial community structure in soil, we compared the effects of relay intercropping and continuous cropping on the soil bacteria community structure. We collected soil samples from three different cropping patterns and analyzed microbial community structure and diversity using high-throughput sequencing technology. The number of operational taxonomic units (OTU) for bacterial species in the soil was maximal under continuous peanut cropping. At the phylum level, the main bacteria identified in soil were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria, which accounted for approximately 70% of the total. The proportions of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes increased, whereas the proportion of Proteobacteria decreased in soil with tobacco–peanut relay intercropping. Moreover, the proportions of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria among the soil bacteria further shifted over time with tobacco–peanut relay intercropping. At the genus level, the proportions of Bacillus and Lactococcus increased in soil with tobacco–peanut relay intercropping. The community structure of soil bacteria differed considerably with tobacco–peanut relay intercropping from that detected under peanut continuous cropping, and the proportions of beneficial bacteria (the phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, and the genera Bacillus and Lactococcus) increased while the proportion of potentially pathogenic bacteria (the genera Variibacter and Burkholderia) decreased. These results provide a basis for adopting tobacco–peanut relay intercropping to improve soil ecology and microorganisms, while making better use of limited cultivable land.