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1.
Cadmium and mercury concentrations were measured in the tissues of 64 individual albatrosses [23 wandering albatrosses (Diomedea exulans), 9 royal albatrosses (Diomedea epomophora) and 32 shy albatrosses (Thalassarche cauta)] which were killed as by-catch in longline fishing activities between 1991 and 1994. Mercury concentrations were also determined
for 33 shy albatross eggs (excluding shells). The birds were all sexed and assigned to one of two age classes (immature and
adult). The three species exhibited differences both in overall concentrations of cadmium and mercury, and also in the pattern
of accumulation of metals with age and sex. Wandering albatrosses exhibited the highest mercury concentrations with a mean
concentration in adult liver samples of 920.0 ± 794.1 μg g−1 dry weight. Shy albatrosses had the lowest mercury concentrations with mean concentrations in adult livers of 36.3 ± 21.4 mg
g−1 dry weight. The highest mercury concentration was 1800 μg g−1 for an adult female wandering albatross. Cadmium concentrations were less variable, with adult royal albatrosses having the
highest average concentrations (180.0 ± 165.0 in adult kidneys) and adult shy albatrosses the lowest (40.1 ± 20.0 in adult
kidney). The highest individual cadmium concentration was 287 μg g−1 for a juvenile wandering albatross. There was no evidence of increased accumulation of cadmium with age in any of the species,
but wandering albatrosses showed higher mercury concentrations in adults than juveniles. Female wandering albatrosses also
had significantly higher mercury concentrations than males. The mercury contents of the shy albatross eggs were very low,
with a maximum concentration of 5.4 μg g−1. The results of this study are consistent with the findings of previous work on albatrosses and support the notion that the
life-history strategy of these species (i.e. long-lived with low reproductive output) may be an important determinant in the
concentrations of some metals found in their tissues.
Accepted: 15 February 1999 相似文献
2.
Øystein Wiig Vidar Berg Ian Gjertz Dana J. Seagars Janneche U. Skaare 《Polar Biology》2000,23(4):272-278
Skin and blubber samples of ten adult male Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) from Alaska were used to investigate the relationship between organochlorine (OC) levels in skin and blubber of individuals.
For analyses we selected 11 components that were quantified in the blubber of all individuals: hexachlorocyclohexanes (αHCH
and βHCH), the DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) metabolite p,p′DDE, oxychlordane, and 7 individual PCB congeners, 28, 99, 105, 118, 138, 153 and 180. The correlation between the levels
in the two types of tissues was significant and the relation was isometric for all components. The regression coefficient
between levels in blubber (dependent variable) and levels in skin (independent variable) was different from 1 for only four
of the components. The mean levels in the two types of tissues were significantly different for 3 of the 11 chemical components
(βHCH, oxychlordane, and PCB28). Although this analysis is based on only ten individuals, we propose that skin samples taken
by biopsy darts can be used to monitor OC levels in walruses. In August 1993 skin biopsies were collected from 25 adult male
Atlantic walruses (O. r. rosmarus) at haul-out sites in southeastern Svalbard in the Norwegian Arctic and from 28 walruses of different sex and age at haul-out
sites at Franz Josef Land in the Russian Arctic. The mean levels of OCs were 2–10 times higher at Svalbard than at Franz Josef
Land. The dominant OC component was PCB153 in both areas. A principal component analysis detected differences between areas
in OC levels but not in patterns. Since the Franz Josef Land samples were mainly taken from females and young individuals
and the Svalbard samples were taken largely from adult males, we believe the differences in tissue OC levels observed from
these areas can be explained by differences in sex and age of the walrus sampled. Comparable organochlorine levels in skin
samples from walruses from other areas are not available. However, compared to the corresponding OC levels found in walrus
blubber in other areas, the OC levels from Svalbard and Franz Josef Land are higher. The high levels of OCs in walruses from
Svalbard and Franz Josef Land may be a combined effect of high pollution level in the environment and seal-eating habits.
In the present study we show that it is possible to use skin biopsies taken by a non-destructive method to assess OC levels
in walruses.
Accepted: 24 October 1999 相似文献
3.
Morphometric data are given for 41 adult male Atlantic walruses ( Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) immobilized at Svalbard. Total body weight ranged from 960 to 1450 kg. Standard body length ranged from 258 to 380 cm, while curvilinear tusk length ranged from 17 to 65 cm. Immobilized animals were selected for their large size. The sample is therefore biased towards larger animals. Based on regression equations developed for walruses caught in Greenland, the weights of Svalbard walruses were estimated from standard body length and axillary girth. Estimated weights ranged from 632 to 1883 kg. The present data suggest that Atlantic walruses at Svalbard can attain the same body size as Pacific ( O. r. divergens ) and Laptev walruses (O. r. laptevi). 相似文献
4.
A. Jaffal S. Paris-Palacios S. Jolly A. F. Thailly L. Delahaut E. Beall H. Roche S. Biagianti-Risbourg S. Betoulle 《Polar Biology》2011,34(3):397-409
The subantarctic Kerguelen Islands (49°S, 70°E) contain freshwaters among the most isolated in the world from direct human
activities. Cadmium and copper concentrations were analyzed in muscle and liver tissues of 57 non-migratory brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) inhabiting the Sud River of Kerguelen Islands. The mean cadmium concentration in liver was 1.13 μg/g dry wt, within the
range of levels measured in liver of marine fish from the Southern Ocean. Muscular Cd levels (0.12 μg/g dry wt) were roughly
ten times higher than those measured in Kerguelen’s marine fish species. Copper levels were very high in the two organs (62.27 μg/g
dry wt in liver and 3.02 μg/g dry wt in muscle) compared to those detected in fish from the Southern Ocean. Regarding the
seasonal trend, the highest Cu and Cd muscular levels were measured in fish at the end of the austral winter, whereas the
highest hepatic levels were observed at the end of the austral summer. Moreover, hepatic cadmium levels were higher in females
than in males. These results could be related to brook trout spawning physiological preparations and foraging behavior during
the summer period. We provide here the first results about Cu and Cd levels in liver and muscle of a freshwater fish species
in an insular subantarctic context. They are in agreement with the high cadmium contamination found in fish of the Southern
Ocean. 相似文献
5.
Concentrations of cadmium, copper and zinc were measured in 34 octopuses over a large range of size and weight, caught in
the Kerguelen shelf waters. Compared with levels normally encountered in European cephalopods, Cd concentrations in both species
were very high: 30.7–47.1 and 27.3–54.4 μg/g dry weight in Graneledone sp. and Benthoctopus thielei, respectively; Cu concentrations were generally low while Zn concentrations exhibited similar levels. Distribution of Cd
in tissues showed that the high levels of Cd in Kerguelen octopuses resulted from very high levels of the metal in the digestive
gland (369 and 215 μg/g dry wt in Graneledone sp. and Benthoctopus thielei, respectively). The digestive gland accumulated about 90% of the total Cd in the whole animal. Due to the very high concentrations
of Cd in the Kerguelen octopuses, we hypothesize that these species play an important role in the process of Cd transfer throughout
the food chain to top vertebrate predators in this area.
Received: 2 June 1997 / Accepted: 30 October 1997 相似文献
6.
Al-Saleh I Shinwari N Mashhour A Mohamed Gel-D Ghosh MA Shammasi Z Al-Nasser A 《Biological trace element research》2006,112(1):13-29
The association between elevated blood pressure and blood cadmium and mercury levels was examined (2001–2002) in 185 Saudi
women previously selected for a case-control study of lead and hypertension risk. Blood pressure was measured twice according
to the World Health Organization recommendations. Cadmium and mercury were determined with graphite furnace and hydride system-atomic
absorption spectrometry, respectively. Mean blood cadmium concentrations were 0.874±0.995 μg/L in hypertensive and 0.785±0.665
μg/L in controls. While blood mercury concentrations for hypertensives and controls were 3.506±3.617 μg/L and 3.687±3.186
μg/L, respectively. Participants were classified according to the median of blood cadmium and mercury levels. After adjustment
for potentially confounding variables, the final logistic regression analyses revealed that women with blood cadmium ≥0.627
μg/L were 3.934 times were more likely to be hypertensive than those with blood cadmium levels <0.627 μg/L, although this
was marginally significant (p=0.098). This was likely the result of the small number of subjects, resulting in the weak power to detect a strong significant
difference between hypertensives and control cases. On the other hand, the final regression model showed no association between
hypertension and mercury. However, this finding should not be conclusive because of the inappropriate choice of the biomarker
indicator. Nevertheless, our study supports the hypothesis that exposure to cadmium might increase the risk of hypertension. 相似文献
7.
Eighteen metals were estimated in the scalp hair samples from cancer patients (n = 111) and normal donors (n = 113). Nitric acid–perchloric acid wet digestion procedure was used for the quantification of the selected metals by flame
atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In the scalp hair of cancer patients, highest average levels were found for Ca (861 μg/g),
followed by Na (672 μg/g), Zn (411 μg/g), Mg (348 μg/g), Fe (154 μg/g), Sr (129 μg/g), and K (116 μg/g), whereas in comparison,
the dominant metals in the scalp hair of normal donors were Ca (568 μg/g), Zn (177 μg/g), Mg (154 μg/g), Fe (110 μg/g), and
Na (103 μg/g). The concentrations of Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sr, and Zn were notably higher in the
hair of cancer patients as compared with normal donors, which may lead to a number of physiological disorders. Strong positive
correlations were found in Mn–Pb (0.83), Cd–Cr (0.82), Cd–Li (0.57), Fe–Pb (0.56), and Fe–Mn (0.55) in the hair of cancer
patients whereas Na–Cd, Li–Cr, Li–Co, Co–Cd, Li–Cd, Na–Co, Na–Li, Ca–Mg and Na–Cr exhibited strong relationships (r > 0.50) in the hair of normal donors. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the data revealed seven PCs, both for cancer
patients and normal donors, but with significantly different loadings. Cluster Analysis (CA) was also used to support the
PCA results. The study evidenced significantly different pattern of metal distribution in the hair of cancer patients in comparison
with normal donors. The role of trace metals in carcinogenesis was also discussed. 相似文献
8.
Tascilar ME Ozgen IT Abaci A Serdar M Aykut O 《Biological trace element research》2011,143(1):188-195
The quality of the diet of obese children is poor. Eating habits may alter micronutrient status in obese patients. In this
study, we determined the serum levels of selenium, zinc, vanadium, molybdenum, iron, copper, beryllium, boron, chromium, manganese,
cobalt, silver, barium, aluminum, nickel, cadmium, mercury, and lead in obese Turkish children. Thirty-four obese and 33 healthy
control subjects were enrolled in the study. Serum vanadium and cobalt levels of obese children were significantly lower than
those of the control group (0.244 ± 0.0179 vs. 0.261 ± 0.012 μg/l, p < 0.001, and 0.14 ± 0.13 vs. 0.24 ± 0.15 μg/l, p = 0.011, respectively). There was no significant difference between groups regarding the other serum trace element levels.
In conclusion, there may be alterations in the serum levels of trace elements in obese children and these alterations may
have a role in the pathogenesis of obesity. 相似文献
9.
Rahman A Azad MA Hossain I Qusar MM Bari W Begum F Huq SM Hasnat A 《Biological trace element research》2009,127(2):102-108
The purpose of the study was to determine the concentration of trace elements present in scalp hair sample of schizophrenic
patients and to find out the relationship between trace elements level and nutritional status or socioeconomic factors. The
study was conducted among 30 schizophrenic male patients and 30 healthy male volunteers. Patients were recruited from Bangabandhu
Sheikh Mujib Medical University by random sampling. Hair trace element concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption
spectroscopy and analyzed by independent t test, Pearson’s correlation analysis, regression analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Mn, Zn, Ca, Cu, and Cd concentrations
of schizophrenic patients were 3.8 ± 2.31 μg/gm, 171.6 ± 59.04 μg/gm, 396.23 ± 157.83 μg/gm, 15.40 ± 5.68 μg/gm, and 1.14 ± 0.89 μg/gm
of hair sample, while those of control subjects were 4.4 ± 2.32 μg/gm, 199.16 ± 27.85 μg/gm, 620.9 ± 181.55 μg/gm, 12.23 ± 4.56 μg/gm,
and 0.47 ± 0.32 μg/gm of hair sample, respectively. The hair concentration of Zn and Ca decreased significantly (p = 0.024; p = 0.000, respectively) and the concentration of Cu and Cd increased significantly (p = 0.021; p = 0.000, respectively) in schizophrenic patients while the concentration of Mn (p = 0.321) remain unchanged. Socioeconomic data reveals that most of the patients were poor, middle-aged and divorced. Mean
body mass indices (BMIs) of the control group (22.26 ± 1.91 kg/m2) and the patient group (20.42 ± 3.16 kg/m2) were within the normal range (18.5−25.0 kg/m2). Pearson’s correlation analysis suggested that only Ca concentration of patients had a significant positive correlation
with the BMI (r = 0.597; p = 0.000) which was further justified from the regression analysis (R
2 = 44%; t = 3.59; p = 0.002) and one-way ANOVA test (F = 3.62; p = 0.015). A significant decrease in the hair concentration of Zn and Ca as well as a significant increase in the hair concentration
of Cu and Cd in schizophrenic patients than that of its control group was observed which may provide prognostic tool for the
diagnosis and treatment of this disease. However, further work with larger population is suggested to examine the exact correlation
between trace element level and the degree of disorder. 相似文献
10.
We used spot checks of stigmatic pollen deposition and hand-pollination experiments to test whether fruit production in Cape
wildflower populations is limited by pollen availability. Natural levels of stigmatic pollen deposition were very low (median = 30.0%
of flowers) in populations of 33 orchid species. We found similarly low levels of fruit set (median = 32% of flowers per plant)
in six Orchidaceae and four Amaryllidaceae species. Experimental hand pollination at the whole plant level caused significant
increases in fruit production in 11 of the 12 study populations. These results indicate that pollen limitation of fruit set
may occur frequently among some plant families in the Cape flora.
Received: 15 April 1996 / Accepted: 10 November 1996 相似文献
11.
Thirty-four walruses ( Odobenus rosmarus ) were fitted with satellite transmitters (PTTs) from 1990 to 1993 in order to study the distribution of the population in the Svalbard area. Twenty-eight were caught at Svalbard and six at Franz Josef Land. All were males except one female caught at Franz Josef Land. At Svalbard, one walrus was caught on the west coast of Spitsbergen, while the others were caught at southern Edgeøya. All walruses were caught in the period from mid-July to early September. The PTTs provided information on location for periods ranging from 0 to 212 days. The results of the satellite trackings show that there is a migration of male walruses between most of the walrus areas at Svalbard and Franz Josef Land. In particular, it seems that migration of males from southern Edgeøya to Kvitøya, Viktoria Island, and Franz Josef Land is common. The walruses winter in the southern parts of Svalbard, as well as within the winter pack-ice of north-eastern Svalbard, which contains numerous open leads. The only walrus at Franz Josef Land that was followed to mid-winter stayed in the area and therefore supports the view that walruses also winter in that area. It is assumed that the majority of walruses at Svalbard are males from one common Svalbard-Franz Josef Land stock. The walrus in the Svalbard-Franz Josef Land area today belong to a recovering population. Their current distribution and behaviour may therefore differ from that found in Svalbard in former times. 相似文献
12.
Rune Dietz Erik Wolder Born Carsten Thye Agger Christian Overgaard Nielsen 《Polar Biology》1995,15(3):175-185
Muscle, liver, and kidney tissues from 38 polar bears (Ursus maritimus) caught in the Scoresby Sound area, Central East Greenland, were analysed for zinc, cadmium, mercury and selenium. In general, cadmium concentrations were low in muscle, liver and kidney tissue, with geometric means (g.m.) of 0.022 (range: <0.015–0.085), 0.841 (range: 0.092–3.29) and 13.1 (range: 1.04–115) g Cd/g wet weight (ww) respectively. This finding can be explained by low cadmium levels in the blubber of ringed seals. The concentration of mercury in muscle tissue was low (g.m. 0.071; range: 0.039–0.193 g Hg/g ww), whereas concentrations in liver and kidney tissue were relatively high (liver: g.m. 7.87; range: 1.35–24.8 g Hg/g ww, and kidney: g.m. 15.2; range: 1.59–66.6 g Hg/g ww). Mercury and cadmium were positively correlated with age in liver and kidney. Zinc was positively correlated with age in kidney, and selenium was correlated with age in liver. Contrary to other marine mammals, polar bears had higher mercury levels in the kidneys than in the liver. In all three tissues polar bears had significantly lower cadmium levels than ringed seals from the same area. Mercury levels were likewise significantly lower in the muscle tissue of polar bears than in ringed seals, whereas levels in the liver and kidney were significantly higher. The previous geographic trend for cadmium and mercury found in Canadian polar bears could be extended to cover East Greenland as well. Hence cadmium levels were higher in Greenland than in Canada, while the opposite was the case for mercury. Greenland polar bears had higher mercury and cadmium contents in livers and kidneys than polar bears from Svalbard. The mercury levels in muscle and liver tissue from polar bears from East Greenland were twice as high as found in bears from western Alaska, but half the levels found in northern Alaska. Cadmium and zinc were partially correlated in kidney tissue, and this was found for mercury and selenium as well. Cadmium and zinc showed molar ratios close to unity with the highest concentrations occurring in kidney tissue, while the levels of zinc exceeded cadmium in muscle and liver tissue by up to several decades. Mercury and selenium showed molar ratios close to unity in liver and kidneys. 相似文献
13.
Barton HJ 《Biological trace element research》2011,143(2):637-658
The population of about 300 6-year-old preschool children was studied for lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in deciduous teeth, scalp
hair, and capillary blood. Zinc (Zn) content in hair was also measured due to its possible interferences with the elements
studied. The Pb and Cd contents were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman background correction,
and Zn, by flame method. Metal levels found were comparable to those in European countries. Positive correlations between
Pb and Cd in the same and different tissues were widespread (r = 0.23–0.68). A positive correlation was found between Pb in teeth and blood (r = 0.65, p < 0.001). Pb blood threshold 100 μg L−1 referred to 2.6 μg g−1 Pb in teeth. Predictability of this Pb teeth limit was 14% vs. 5% for Pb blood. Strong negative correlation was found between
hair Pb and Zn (r = −0.68, p < 0.001). Enhanced Cd and Zn levels in hair were associated with the household drinking water hardness. The associations
with some other environmental and behavioral factors were also presented and discussed. The results proved the advantage of
analysis of primary teeth for Pb exposure screening of preschool children. 相似文献
14.
Hans-Joachim Peters Heinz Köhler Hans-Joachim Duck Kurt Rudolf Günther Hans Pankau 《Biological trace element research》1982,4(2-3):241-243
In the case of experimental heart muscle infarction, the infarcted tissue of 18 pigs had a cadmium content of 0.38 μg/g dry
weight and a cobalt content of 0.45 μg/g dry weight. In 25 non-infarcted pig hearts, the cadmium concentration amounted to
0.27 μg/g dry weight and the cobalt concentration to 0.37 μg/g dry weight. Thus, as far as the infarcted heart muscle tissue
is concerned, there is a highly significant increase in the cadmium content (p<0.01) and a significant increase in cobalt content (p<0.05) compared to a non-infarcted heart. No differences were established with regard to chromium concentrations. 相似文献
15.
Hawkes WC Richter BD Alkan Z Souza EC Derricote M Mackey BE Bonnel EL 《Biological trace element research》2008,122(2):107-121
The essential nutrient selenium is required in microgram amounts [recommended dietary allowance (RDA) = 55 μg/day, 699 nmol/day]
and has a narrow margin of safety (upper tolerable intake limit = 400 μg/day, 5 μmol/day). We conducted a randomized placebo-controlled
study of high-selenium yeast, the form used in most supplements (300 μg/day, 3.8 μmol/day), administered to 42 free-living
healthy men for 48 weeks. Dietary intakes of selenium, macronutrients, and micronutrients were not different between groups
and did not change during the study. Supplementation more than doubled urinary selenium excretion from 69 to 160 μg/day (876
to 2,032 nmol/day). Urinary excretion was correlated with recent selenium intake estimated from 3-day diet records: urinary
selenium excretion = 42 μg/day (533 nmol/day) + 0.132 × dietary selenium intake, p < 0.001. Dietary selenium intake was not significantly correlated with the other indicators of selenium status, presumably
because urinary selenium excretion reflected recent intake, and tissue selenium was homeostatically controlled. After 48 weeks
of supplementation, plasma selenium was increased 60% from 142 to 228 μg/l (1.8 to 2.9 μmol/l), and erythrocyte selenium was
approximately doubled from 261 to 524 μg/l (3.3 to 6.6 μmol/l). Selenium concentrations increased more modestly in hair (56%)
and platelets (42%). Platelets were the only blood component in which glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly related
to selenium content. Selenium levels decreased rapidly after the end of supplementation, and there were no significant differences
in selenium status indicators between groups by week 96. The absorption, distribution, and excretion of selenium from high-Se
yeast were similar to selenium in foods. 相似文献
16.
Henry Bernard Ikki Matsuda Goro Hanya Abdul Hamid Ahmad 《International journal of primatology》2011,32(1):259-267
Primates spend about half of their lives at sleeping sites, and their choice of sleeping sites may affect individual survival.
We identified a total of 88 trees used by proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) as night sleeping sites on 16 nights from June to September 2008 in riverine, mangrove, and mixed mangrove–riverine forests
along the Garama River, a tributary of the Klias River, in the west of Sabah, Malaysia. We recorded 11 variables for each
tree, including the species, physical structure, distance from the riverbank, and connectivity with surrounding trees. We
compared sleeping trees with 114 trees with ≥30 cm girth at breast height (GBH) located ≤50 m of the riverbank in 8 botanical
plots (total 1 ha). Trees in the plots represented the general vegetation patterns of the study area. Choice of sleeping trees
did not depend on the tree species. Although sleeping trees included trees ≤46 m from the river, those closer to riverbanks
(5–35 m, n = 76) were more likely to be used as sleeping sites. Compared to the available trees, sleeping trees had larger trunks (mean±SD = 143.6 ± 56.9 cm
GBH), and were taller (mean±SD = 34.3 ± 8.1 m), with greater number (median = 6; range = 12) and larger (mean±SD = 24.1 ± 15.2 cm
circumference) main branches. They were also located near to other trees, with overlapping branches, creating good arboreal
connectivity. Choice of sleeping trees by proboscis monkeys is likely to be related to risks of predation and injury from
falling, as well as ease of social interaction and efficiency of locomotion. 相似文献
17.
Hair Tissue Mineral Analysis and Metabolic Syndrome 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Deficiency of minerals causes functional abnormality of enzymes, frequently resulting in metabolic disturbance. We investigated
possible relationship between minerals and metabolic syndrome by analysis of hair tissue minerals. We selected 848 subjects
older than 20 years of age at Ajou University Hospital from May 2004 to February 2007. We excluded the subjects who had cancers,
steroid and thyroid medication, and incomplete record from the study. Finally, 343 subjects were eligible. We performed cross-sectional
analysis for the relationship between minerals and metabolic syndrome. The contents of calcium, magnesium, and copper in the
metabolic syndrome group were significantly lower than those of the normal group, whereas the amounts of sodium, potassium,
and mercury in the metabolic syndrome group were significantly higher than those of the normal group. By dividing the subjects
into quartile with the level of calcium, magnesium, and mercury concentrations, we carried out logistic regression analysis
to study the subjects and found that the subjects in the third quartile of calcium and magnesium concentrations had significantly
lower odds ratio (OR) of the metabolic syndrome compared with that of the lowest quartile group [OR = 0.30, confidence interval
(CI) = 0.10–0.89; OR = 0.189, CI = 0.063–0.566] and that the subjects in the highest mercury quartile had significantly higher
OR of the metabolic syndrome compared with that of the lowest mercury quartile group (OR = 7.35, CI = 1.73–31.1). As part
of the metabolic syndrome, the optimal calcium and magnesium concentrations in hair tissue may reflect decreased risk of metabolic
syndrome, whereas high mercury concentration in hair tissue may indicate increased risk of metabolic syndrome. 相似文献
18.
Lead and cadmium are toxic to humans at excessive levels, and monitoring the human body burden of these metals is important
in preventing adverse health effects. In this study, we assessed the exposure to lead and cadmium among an elderly population
60 years of age or older. Based on data from 115 participants, we found that the geometric mean lead concentrations in hair
and fingernails were 1.11 μg/g [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78–1.58] and 1.11 μg/g (95% CI 0.81–1.51), respectively. The
lead concentrations in hair and fingernails were significantly related to cigarette smoking. The geometric mean cadmium concentrations
in hair and fingernails were 52.6 ng/g (95% CI 42.0–65.9) and 40.1 ng/g (95% CI 29.9–53.9), respectively. Cadmium concentrations
in hair were significantly related to body mass index and cigarette smoking, whereas higher fingernail cadmium concentrations
were related to alcohol drinking. Correlations between hair and fingernail concentrations of lead and of cadmium were slightly
positive. Our findings suggest that the body burden of lead and cadmium varies according to demographic factors, and hair
and fingernails could be used differentially as a biological medium for metal exposure. 相似文献
19.
Deficiencies in Cu, Se, and Zn impair one or more biochemical functions, and excess are associated with toxicity. Baseline
studies on the Ghanaian population are scanty. The study was undertaken to determine whether significant rural/urban differences
in the serum levels of Cu, Se, and Zn did exist. Forty males/60 females from rural and 50 males/50 females from urban Ghanaian
communities were sampled. Serum Cu, Se, and Zn were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Cu level for rural
and urban subjects was 997 ± 333 and 979 ± 290 μg/L, respectively (p = 0.68). However, Cu levels were significantly higher in the rural females (1,063 ± 367 μg/L) than the rural males (898 ± 249 μg/L;
p = 0.0085). Se levels for rural/urban subjects were 97 ± 36 and 87 ± 31 μg/L, respectively (p = 0.03). Zn levels in the rural/urban subjects were 312 ± 218 and 150 ± 102 μg/L, respectively (p = 0.002). Additionally, Zn was significantly higher in rural females (428 ± 204 μg/L) than the urban females (166 ± 103 μg/L;
p = 0.0002). Finally, Zn was significantly higher in rural females (428 ± 204 μg/L) than males (172 ± 116 μg/L; p = 0.0028). In conclusion, Cu, Se, and Zn were higher in the rural group compared to the urban group, and the generally low
Zn levels were confirmed in another cohort follow-up study. 相似文献
20.
H. N. A. Grooten J. Ritskes-Hoitinga J. N. J. J. Mathot A. G. Lemmens A. C. Beynen 《Biological trace element research》1991,28(2):147-155
Cadmium concentrations were determined in the hair of 226 school children in an industrial and in a rural area of Tarragona
Province (NE Spain). The influence of sex, age, hair color, smoking habits of the household members, and parents’ occupation
on the children’s hair cadmium levels was also evaluated. Children living in the industrial area had much more cadmium in
their hair than those living in the rural area (median: 0.327 vs 0.002; arithmetic mean: 0.401 vs 0.119 μg/g). Girls had more
cadmium in their hair than boys, and cadmium levels decreased with the age independently of the sex. Smoking habits and parents’
occupation also influenced the hair cadmium content in the children examined. In contrast, hair color has no influence on
hair cadmium values. 相似文献