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1.
Qaisara Pasha Salman A. Malik Nazia Shaheen Munir H. Shah 《Biological trace element research》2010,134(2):160-173
Trace elements including Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sr, and Zn were analyzed in the scalp hair
samples of women with malignant breast lesions, women with benign breast lesions, and healthy donors using atomic absorption
spectrophotometric method. In the scalp hair of malignant-tumor patients, the highest average concentration was shown by Ca
(1,187 μg/g), followed by Na (655 μg/g), Mg (478 μg/g), Zn (391 μg/g), Sr (152 μg/g), Fe (114 μg/g), and K (89.8), while in
the case of benign-tumor patients, the average estimated element levels were 1,522, 1,093, 572, 457, 217, 80.4, and 74.7 μg/g,
respectively. Most of the elements exhibited non-normal distribution evidenced by large spread, standard error, and skewness
values. Mean concentrations of Ca (634 μg/g), Zn (206 μg/g), Mg (162 μg/g), Fe (129 μg/g), and Na (82.1 μg/g) were noteworthy
in the scalp hair of healthy women. Average levels of Na, Sr, K, Cd, Co, Pb, Mg, Ca, Zn, Ni, Sb, and Mn were revealed to be
significantly higher in the hair of malignant and benign patients compared to the healthy women; however, Fe, Cu, Al, and
Cr were not significantly different in the scalp hair of the three groups. The quartile distributions of Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, K,
Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Sr revealed maximum spread in the scalp hair of malignant and benign groups; nevertheless, Al,
Cu, Fe, and Zn exhibited almost comparable quartile levels in the three groups. Strong correlation coefficients were found
between Fe and Cd, Al and Na, Mn and Sr, Co and Cr, Cd and Cr, Pb and K, Pb and Mn, Cu and Na, and Al and Fe in the scalp
hair of malignant-tumor patients, while Fe and K, Cd and Co, Na and Co, and Cr and Pb showed strong correlations in the scalp
hair of benign-tumor patients, both of which were significantly different compared with the healthy subjects. Multivariate
cluster analysis also revealed divergent clustering of the elements in the scalp hair of malignant and benign patients in
comparison with the healthy women. 相似文献
2.
The pathogenesis of heart disease has been associated with changes in the balance of certain trace elements. The aim of this
study was to evaluate the Zn, Fe, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Cd contents in scalp hair samples of myocardial infarction (MCI) patients
hospitalized in the cardiac ward of National Hospital in Hyderabad city (Pakistan). Scalp hair samples were collected from
193 patients (104 male, 89 female) of 3 age groups (46–60, 61–75, and 76–90 yr), for a comparative study, 200 normal, healthy
subjects (103 male, 97 female) of the same age groups residing in the same city were selected. All metals in scalp hair samples
were assessed by a flame/graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer, prior to microwave-assisted and conventional
wet acid digestion methods. Results were calculated in micrograms per gram.
The mean values of Fe and Zn of scalp hair samples of MCI patients were significantly reduced compared to the control subjects
of both genders. The mean Fe concentrations in male patients were 19.42, 12.36, and 6.98 vs 30.69, 24.42, and 16.75 for the
control patients in the three age groups (46–60, 61–75, and 76–90 yrs, respectively). The mean Zn concentration in male patients
were 169.2, 149.4, and 107.7 μg/g vs 206.1, 188.0, and 154.4 μg/g for the control group (p<0.002, 0.004, and 0.001) in all three age groups, respectively. These differences were also observed in the female study
groups. The mean values of Pb, Cd, and Ni were significantly high in patients compared to healthy subjects (mean Pb in male
patients: 11.85, 12.89, and 14.52 those of female patients were 11.88, 12.73, and 14.21 vs the male controls patients (6.08,
7.56, and 8.56) and female controls (5.99, 7.41, and 8.25) for all three age groups, respectively. The concentration of Ni
and Cd in the scalp hair samples of the heart patients of both sexes were significantly higher compared to the control; in
the case of Ni the range of significant difference for males was found to be p<0.001–0.009 and for females to be p<0.0.002–0.007 and significantly high concentration of Cd were observed in hair samples of patients than in controls in the
range for males (p<0.001–0.009) and in females (p<0.001–0.011). The Zn/Cu and Zn/Cd ratios in the scalp hair (p<0.01) of the diseased groups were significantly lower than that of the healthy groups.
Deficiency of essential trace metals and high level of toxic metals might play a role in the development of heart disease
in the subjects of this study. Toxic metals might also cause diminished absorption of essential elements. 相似文献
3.
Five brands of antidiabetic herbal formulations as tablets, Diabetex, Divya Madhu Nashini, Jambrushila, Diabeticin, and Madhumeh Nashini, from different pharmacies were analyzed for six minor (Na, K, Ca, Cl, Mg, and P) and 20 trace (As, Ba, Br, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs,
Cu, Fe, Hg, La, Mn, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Th, V, and Zn) elements by thermal neutron irradiation followed by high-resolution
gamma ray spectrometry. Further Ni, Cd, and Pb were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Most elements vary
in a narrow range by a factor of 2–4 while a few others vary in a wide range, e.g., Na (0.05–0.67 mg/g), Mn (26.7–250 μg/g),
and V (0.26–2.50 μg/g). All the five brands contain K, Cl, Mg, P, and Ca as minor constituents along with mean trace amounts
of Cr (2.11 ± 0.67 μg/g), Cu (15.7 ± 7.11 μg/g), Fe (459 ± 171 μg/g), Mn (143 ± 23 μg/g), Se (238 ± 112 ng/g), and V (0.99 ± 0.93 μg/g).
Jambrushila is enriched in Na, Ca, Mg, Cl, Fe, Cu, Se, and Zn, essential nutrients responsible for curing diabetes. Dietary intake of
Mn, Fe, and Cu are greater than 10% of the recommended dietary allowance, whereas that for Zn and Se is less than 2%. Mean
contents of toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) were found below permissible limits except in Jambrushila. Cr and Zn were inversely correlated with r = −0.81, whereas Rb and Cs exhibit linear correlation (r = 0.93) in five brands. C, H, N analysis showed C ∼ 55%, H ∼ 12%, and N ∼ 2% with a total of ∼70% organic matter. However,
thermal decomposition studies at 700°C suggest less than 5% nonvolatile metal oxides. Herbal formulations contain minor and
trace elements in bioavailable forms that favorably influence glucose tolerance and possibly increase the body’s ability to
ameliorate development of diabetes. 相似文献
4.
Kazi TG Jalbani N Kazi N Arain MB Jamali MK Afridi HI Kandhro GA Sarfraz RA Shah AQ Ansari R 《Biological trace element research》2009,127(1):16-27
The determination of toxic metals (TMs) in the biological samples of human beings is an important clinical screening procedure.
The aim of this work is to determine total content of TMs, aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in scalp
hair samples of chronic kidney male patients (CKPs) on maintenance hemodialysis, during the period of 2005–2007. The study
included 115 CKPs (all smokers) and 150 controls or referents [82 (nonsmokers) and 68 (smokers)]. Both controls and patients
(males) were of the same age group (ranged 25–55 years), socioeconomic status, localities, and dietary habits. The scalp hair
samples were analyzed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer, prior to microwave-induced acid digestion. The accuracy
of the total Al, Cd, Ni, and Pb measurements was tested by simultaneously analyzing certified reference material (human hair
NCS ZC81002). No significant differences were observed between the analytical results and the certified values (paired t test at p > 0.05). The levels of TMs in scalp hair samples of patients were found to be higher as compared to control nonsmoker and
smokers. Moreover, the study shows that levels of Al, Cd, Ni, and Pb in scalp hair samples may be useful to evaluate the impact
of cigarette smoking in kidney failure patients. 相似文献
5.
Lung cancer is seriously threatening human health and exposure to trace metals is the most important aetiology for lung cancer. Selected essential/toxic metals (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Zn, Cu, Sr, Li, Co, Mn, Ni, Cr, Cd and Pb) are measured in the scalp hair and nails of lung cancer patients and controls by atomic absorption spectrophotometric method employing nitric acid-perchloric acid-based wet digestion. Average concentrations of Pb, Cd, Mn, Co and Cu are found to be significantly higher (p?<?0.05) in the scalp hair and nails of lung cancer patients compared with the controls, however, appreciably higher concentrations of Zn, Ca, Na, Mg and Cr are noted in the scalp hair of the controls. Most of the metal levels reveal higher dispersion and asymmetry in the scalp hair/nails of the patients compared with the controls. Average metal levels are also compared to investigate probable differences based on sex, abode, food and smoking habits. The correlation study shows significantly diverse mutual variations of the metals in the scalp hair and nails of the patients and controls. Considerable variations in the metal levels are also noted for various stages and types of lung cancer (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma and small cell lung cancer). Multivariate apportionment of the metals in the scalp hair and nails of the patients and controls are also significantly diverse. The study reveals considerably divergent variations in the metal levels in lung cancer patients in comparison with healthy subjects. 相似文献
6.
The lelvels of seven heavy metals and their toxicity towardGanoderma lucidum under various cultivation conditions were assessed. The contents of Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb and U in the fruitbodies of cultivatedG. lucidum, and sawdust substrates were determined to be at trace levels for U, 0.01–0.1 μg/g for Cd and Hg, and 1–5 μg/g for Pb, 10–120
μg/g for Mn, Cu and Zn. The effects of heavy metals, on the growth of mycelia ofG. lucidium in pure cultures were examined over a wide range of concentrations (10–3,000 μg/ml), and their toxicities were found to decrease
in the order: Hg>Cd>Cu>U>Pb>Mn=Zn. The translocation and accumulation of Zn from contaminated substrates (at 10 μg/g) in fruitbodies
were investigated by using65Zn tracer, andG. lucidum was found to take up Zn with an efficiency of >60%, leading to accumulation of >100 μ/g, in fruitbodies and >80 μ/g Zn in
basidiospores. 相似文献
7.
Rahman A Azad MA Hossain I Qusar MM Bari W Begum F Huq SM Hasnat A 《Biological trace element research》2009,127(2):102-108
The purpose of the study was to determine the concentration of trace elements present in scalp hair sample of schizophrenic
patients and to find out the relationship between trace elements level and nutritional status or socioeconomic factors. The
study was conducted among 30 schizophrenic male patients and 30 healthy male volunteers. Patients were recruited from Bangabandhu
Sheikh Mujib Medical University by random sampling. Hair trace element concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption
spectroscopy and analyzed by independent t test, Pearson’s correlation analysis, regression analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Mn, Zn, Ca, Cu, and Cd concentrations
of schizophrenic patients were 3.8 ± 2.31 μg/gm, 171.6 ± 59.04 μg/gm, 396.23 ± 157.83 μg/gm, 15.40 ± 5.68 μg/gm, and 1.14 ± 0.89 μg/gm
of hair sample, while those of control subjects were 4.4 ± 2.32 μg/gm, 199.16 ± 27.85 μg/gm, 620.9 ± 181.55 μg/gm, 12.23 ± 4.56 μg/gm,
and 0.47 ± 0.32 μg/gm of hair sample, respectively. The hair concentration of Zn and Ca decreased significantly (p = 0.024; p = 0.000, respectively) and the concentration of Cu and Cd increased significantly (p = 0.021; p = 0.000, respectively) in schizophrenic patients while the concentration of Mn (p = 0.321) remain unchanged. Socioeconomic data reveals that most of the patients were poor, middle-aged and divorced. Mean
body mass indices (BMIs) of the control group (22.26 ± 1.91 kg/m2) and the patient group (20.42 ± 3.16 kg/m2) were within the normal range (18.5−25.0 kg/m2). Pearson’s correlation analysis suggested that only Ca concentration of patients had a significant positive correlation
with the BMI (r = 0.597; p = 0.000) which was further justified from the regression analysis (R
2 = 44%; t = 3.59; p = 0.002) and one-way ANOVA test (F = 3.62; p = 0.015). A significant decrease in the hair concentration of Zn and Ca as well as a significant increase in the hair concentration
of Cu and Cd in schizophrenic patients than that of its control group was observed which may provide prognostic tool for the
diagnosis and treatment of this disease. However, further work with larger population is suggested to examine the exact correlation
between trace element level and the degree of disorder. 相似文献
8.
Afridi HI Brabazon D Kazi TG Naher S Nesterenko E 《Biological trace element research》2011,143(3):1367-1382
The abnormal metabolism of metal ions plays an important role in health and disease conditions, and studies about them have
been attracting significant interest. The aim of our study was to assess the heavy metals (cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), lead
(Pb), and zinc (Zn)) in scalp hair samples of 50 Irish and 78 Pakistani hypertensive patients of an urban population together
with 50 Irish and 96 Pakistani non-hypertensive male subjects in the age group of 30–50 years. The concentrations of trace
and toxic elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrophotometer and atomic absorption spectrophotometer
before microwave-assisted acid digestion. The validity and accuracy of the methodology were checked using certified reference
materials, and by the conventional wet acid digestion method on the same certified reference materials and on real samples.
The recovery of all the studied elements was found to be in the range of 97.5–99.7% in certified reference material. The results
of this study showed that the mean values of cadmium, nickel, and lead were significantly higher in scalp hair samples of
both Pakistani and Irish hypertensive patients than in referents (p < 0.001); whereas, the concentration of zinc was lower in the scalp hair samples of hypertensive patients of both genders.
The deficiency of zinc and the high exposure of trace and toxic metals may be the risk factors associated with hypertension. 相似文献
9.
Barton HJ 《Biological trace element research》2011,143(2):637-658
The population of about 300 6-year-old preschool children was studied for lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in deciduous teeth, scalp
hair, and capillary blood. Zinc (Zn) content in hair was also measured due to its possible interferences with the elements
studied. The Pb and Cd contents were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman background correction,
and Zn, by flame method. Metal levels found were comparable to those in European countries. Positive correlations between
Pb and Cd in the same and different tissues were widespread (r = 0.23–0.68). A positive correlation was found between Pb in teeth and blood (r = 0.65, p < 0.001). Pb blood threshold 100 μg L−1 referred to 2.6 μg g−1 Pb in teeth. Predictability of this Pb teeth limit was 14% vs. 5% for Pb blood. Strong negative correlation was found between
hair Pb and Zn (r = −0.68, p < 0.001). Enhanced Cd and Zn levels in hair were associated with the household drinking water hardness. The associations
with some other environmental and behavioral factors were also presented and discussed. The results proved the advantage of
analysis of primary teeth for Pb exposure screening of preschool children. 相似文献
10.
The plasmas of breast cancer patients and healthy donors were analyzed for selected trace metals by a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. In the plasma of breast cancer patients, mean concentrations of macronutrients/essential metals, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn were 3584, 197.0, 30.80, 6.740, 5.266, and 6.170 ppm, respectively, while the mean metal levels in the plasma of healthy donors were 3908, 151.0, 72.40, 17.70, 6.613, and 2.461 ppm, respectively. Average concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sr, and Zn were noted to be significantly higher in the plasma of breast cancer patients compared with healthy donors. Very strong mutual correlations (r > 0.70) in the plasma of breast cancer patients were observed between Cd–Pb, Cr–Li, Li–K, Li–Cd, K–Cr, Li–Pb, Cr–Co, Cu–Ni, Co–K, Cd–K, and K–Pb, whereas, Al–Cr, Ca–Zn, Cd–Sb, Cd–Zn, Ca–Mg, Fe–Zn, and Na–Mn exhibited strong relationships (r > 0.60) in the plasma of healthy donors. The cluster analysis revealed considerably different apportionment of trace metals in the two groups of donors. The average metal concentrations of different age groups of the two donor categories were also evaluated, which showed the build-up of Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Li, Pb, Sb, and Zn in the plasma of breast cancer patients. The role of some trace metals in carcinogenesis is also discussed. The study indicated appreciably different patterns of metal distribution and correlation in the plasma of breast cancer patients in comparison with the healthy population. 相似文献
11.
Hassan Imran Afridi Tasneem Gul Kazi Naveed Kazi Ghulam Abbas Kandhro Jameel Ahmed Baig Mohammad Khan Jamali Mohammad Balal Arain Abdul Qadir Shah 《Biological trace element research》2011,139(3):368-268
The pathogenesis of some cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has been altered with changes in the balance of certain trace and
toxic elements. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) in smoker and nonsmoker
male CVD patients (n = 457) of two age groups (31–45) and (46–60). The both elements were determined in biological samples (scalp hair, blood,
and urine) of CVD patients and healthy referents for comparison purpose. The concentrations of Zn and Cd were measured by
atomic absorption spectrophotometer prior to microwave-assisted acid digestion. It was observed that the mean values of Cd
were significantly higher in the biological samples of smokers CVD as compared to nonsmoker CVD patients, while the level
of Zn was lower in both smoker and nonsmoker patients. The concentrations of Zn in whole blood and scalp hair samples were
lower in CVD patients as compared to referents (p > 0.001). Results showed significant changes of levels of Cd and Zn in blood and scalp hair samples of CVD patients when
compared with healthy referents, while reverse in the case of urine samples. It was observed that low Zn levels were associated
with both smoker and nonsmoker CVD patients, while increased cadmium accumulation was observed in smoker patients as compared
to nonsmoker patients (p > 0.025). 相似文献
12.
Trace element content in hair is affected by the age of the donor. Hair samples of subjects from four counties in China where
people are known to have long lifespan (“longevity counties”) were collected and the trace element content determined. Samples
were subdivided into three age groups based on the age of the donors from whom these were taken: children (0–15 years); elderly
(80–99 years); and centenarians (≥100 years). We compared the trace element content in hair of different age groups of subjects.
Support vector machine classification results showed that a non-linear polynomial kernel function could be used to classify
the three age groups of people. Age did not have a significant effect on the content of Ca and Cd in human hair. The content
of Li, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cr, Cu, and Ni in human hair changed significantly with age. The magnitude of the age effect on trace element
content in hair was in the order Cu > Zn > Ni > Mg > Mn > Cr > Li. Cu content in hair decreased significantly with increasing
age. The hair of centenarians had higher levels of Li and Mn, and lower levels of Cr, Cu, and Ni comparing with that of the
children and elderly subjects. This could be a beneficial factor of their long lifespan. 相似文献
13.
Kazi TG Afridi HI Kazi N Jamali MK Arain MB Jalbani N Kandhro GA 《Biological trace element research》2008,122(1):1-18
There is accumulating evidence that the metabolism of several trace elements is altered in diabetes mellitus and that these
nutrients might have specific roles in the pathogenesis and progress of this disease. The aim of present study was to compare
the level of essential trace elements, chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) in
biological samples (whole blood, urine, and scalp hair) of patients who have diabetes mellitus type 2 (n = 257), with those of nondiabetic control subjects (n = 166), age ranged (45–75) of both genders. The element concentrations were measured by means of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer
after microwave-induced acid digestion. The validity and accuracy was checked by conventional wet-acid-digestion method and
using certified reference materials. The overall recoveries of all elements were found in the range of (97.60–99.49%) of certified
values. The results of this study showed that the mean values of Zn, Mn, and Cr were significantly reduced in blood and scalp-hair
samples of diabetic patients as compared to control subjects of both genders (p < 0.001). The urinary levels of these elements were found to be higher in the diabetic patients than in the age-matched healthy
controls. In contrast, high mean values of Cu and Fe were detected in scalp hair and blood from patients versus the nondiabetic
subjects, but the differences found in blood samples was not significant (p < 0.05). These results are consistent with those obtained in other studies, confirming that deficiency and efficiency of
some essential trace metals may play a role in the development of diabetes mellitus. 相似文献
14.
Hair samples of 15 adult male Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) collected from anaesthetized individuals at Svalbard, Norway, were analysed for cadmium and total mercury. The mean level
of cadmium was 0.860 ± 0.321 μg/g dry weight (median = 0.811, range = 0.349–1.51 μg/g dry weight) and the mean level of mercury
was 0.235 ± 0.100 μg/g dry weight (median = 0.251, range = 0.121–0.424 μg/g dry weight). Levels of cadmium and mercury in
hair of walruses from other areas are not known. Both cadmium and mercury levels in hair of walruses from Svalbard are relatively
low compared to the levels found in the hair of other marine mammal species. It has been documented from a number of marine
species, including marine mammals such as ringed seals and polar bears, that both cadmium and mercury levels at Svalbard are
lower than in other areas. It is uncertain as to what degree levels in hair reflect levels in internal organs in walruses.
In rare and highly endangered species or populations tissue samples can be difficult to collect. In walruses, it is possible
to collect hair from anaesthetized individuals or at the haul-out sites during moult, to monitor heavy metal levels of the
population.
Accepted: 6 December 1998 相似文献
15.
In the present study, the association of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and nickel between scalp hair samples and mortality from
myocardial infarction (MI) patients at first, second, and third heart attack was studied. The biological samples of 130 MI
patients (77 male and 53 female) age ranged (45–60 years), were collected and 61 healthy persons of same age group (33 male
and 28 female) was selected as control subjects. The toxic elements (TEs) in biological samples were assessed by the electrothermal
atomic absorption spectrophotometry prior to microwave-assisted acid digestion. The validity of methodology was checked by
the certified human hair reference material (BCR 397). It was observed during the study that 78% of 32 patients of the third
MI, age >50 years were expired. In these subjects, the level of As, Cd, Ni, and Pb were increased by 10.6%, 19.5%, 15.7%,
and 9.8% in the scalp hair as compared to those who tolerated third MI attack (p = 0.12). The high level of toxic metals may play a role in the development of heart disease in the subjects of this study. 相似文献
16.
Imbalances in the concentrations of trace metals have become an increasingly recognized source of infirmity worldwide particularly in the development of ischemia heart disease (IHD). Present study is intended to analyze the concentrations of Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Pb, Sr, and Zn in the blood and scalp hair of the patients and counterpart controls by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after wet-acid digestion. On the average, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Li, Mn, Na, and Pb revealed significantly elevated concentrations in the blood of the patients compared with the controls (p < 0.05), whereas mean levels of Ca, Cd, Fe, K, Li, Pb, and Sr in the scalp hair were significantly higher in the patients than the controls (p < 0.05). Most of the metals exhibited noticeable disparities in their concentrations based on gender, abode, dietary/smoking habits, and occupations of both donor groups. The correlation study and multivariate statistical analyses revealed some significantly divergent associations and apportionment of the metals in both donor groups. Overall, comparative variations of the metal contents in blood/scalp hair of the patients were significantly different than the controls; thus, evaluation of trace metals status may be indicative of pathological disorders, such as IHD. 相似文献
17.
Postpartum scalp hair samples from 82 term-pregnancy mother/neonate pairs were analyzed for their concentration of zinc (Zn),
copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Maternal and neonatal Zn concentrations
had geometric means (and 99% confidence intervals) of 122.5 μg/g (117.9–131.5 μg/g) and 146.9 μg (141.5–156.7 μg/g) respectively.
Corresponding Cu values were 18.4 μg/g (17.6–23.8 μg/g) and 6.7 μg/g (6.3–7.6 μg/g). Those of Cd were 0.49 μg/g (0.47–0.69
μg/g) in the mothers and 0.57 μg/g (0.55–0.86 μg/g) in the neonates. For Pb, they were 7.95 μg/g (7.60–9.32 μg/g) and 4.56
μg/g (4.39–5.56 μg/g). Cigaret smoking, despite its relatively low prevalence (19.5%), was associated with lower Zn and higher
Cd and Pb concentrations and in lower Zn/Cd and Zn/Pb molar concentration ratios. Smoking also altered interelemental relationships,
particularly those of Zn with Cd and Pb and those between Cd and Pb. Smoking frequency appeared to show negative dose-response
effects on maternal and neonatal Zn concentrations, Zn/Pb molar concentration ratios, and birth weight. Mothers with a history
of oral contraceptive (OC) usage had significantly higher Cu concentrations and lower Zn/Cu molar concentration ratios than
nonusers, with the highest Cu concentrations and lowest Zn/Cu values being associated with third-generation OCs. No similar
effects were elicited in the respective neonatal Cu concentrations. Neither alcohol consumption nor prenatal supplementation
with iron and/or folic acid had discernible effects on the maternal or neonatal elemental concentrations. The data from this
study suggest that in a given population of term-pregnancy mothers and neonates, significant interindividual variations in
hair trace element concentrations can occur, irrespective of commonality of general environment, and that lifestyle factors,
including cigaret smoking and OC usage history, can be significant contributory factors to such variations. The data are discussed
in relation to the effects of smoking-associated exposure to Cd and Pb exposure on Zn availability for placental transfer,
as well as on the quantitative maternal Zn supply levels to the fetus resulting from the known tendency of smokers to have
lower dietary intakes of Zn. The higher Cu concentrations in OC users are discussed in relation to altered Cu metabolism,
characterized by increased synthesis of the Cu-binding protein, ceruloplasmin, as an acute-phase antioxidant response to altered
lipid profile and increased lipid oxidation. 相似文献
18.
The concentrations of arsenic (As), beryllium (Be), cadmium (cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni),
lead (Pb), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), and vanadium (V) were determined in a number of food items purchased in zones of Tarragona,
County (Catalonia, Spain) near a hazardous waste incinerator (HWI), which has been operating since 1999. Food samples corresponded
to the following groups: meat, fish and seafood, pulses, cereals, vegetables, fruits, tubers, whole milk, yogurt, eggs, and
sugar. Be and Tl were under their respective limits of detection in all samples. For the analyzed trace elements, the dietary
intake by the general population of Tarragona was 458.5 μg/d for As, 14.3 μg/d for Cd, 88.3 μg/d for Cr, 5.3 μg/d for Hg,
2421.4 μg/d for Mn, 138.3 μg/d for Ni, 44.8 μg/d for Pb, 34.6 μg/d for Sn, and 28.9 μg/d for V. Results were compared with
those found in a baseline survey carried out in the same area during the construction of the HWI (1996–1998). In general terms,
the dietary intake of metals in 2003 was comparatively similar to those found in the baseline survey. For the most toxic elements
(As, Cd, Hg, and Pb), it was under their respective Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) estabished by the FAO/WHO. 相似文献
19.
The present study was carried out to assess the impact of wastewater on parsley (Petroselinum crispum). The parameters determined for soil were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic matter (SOM), nutrient elements
(Ca, Mg, Na, K, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Fe), and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb), while the parameters determined for the plant
included pigment content, dry matter, nutrient element, and heavy metals. SOM, EC, and clay contents were higher, and pH was
slightly acidic in soil treated with wastewater compared to control soil. The enrichment factors (EF) of the nutrient elements
in contaminated soil are in the sequence of Na (2) > Ca (1.32) > Mn = Mg (1.17) > Cu (1.11) > Zn (1.08) > Fe (1.07) > K (0.93),
while EF in parsley are Na (6.63) > Ca (1.60) > Mg (1.34) > Zn (1.15) > Fe (0.95) > Cu = K (0.90) > Mn (0.85). Application
of wastewater significantly decreased dry matter, while photosynthetic pigment content increased in parsley. The enrichment
of the heavy metals is in the sequence: Cd (1.142) > Pb (1.131) > Ni (1.112) > Cr (1.095). P. crispum shows a high transfer factor (TF > 1) for Cd signifying a high mobility of Cd from soil to plant. Thus, although the wastewater
irrigation in parsley production aims to produce socioeconomic benefits, study results indicated that municipal wastewater
is not suitable for irrigation of parsley because it has negative effects on plant and causes heavy metal accumulation. 相似文献
20.
This study is a part of a monitoring program for the determination of metals in various human tissues of the population living
in the vicinity of a new hazardous waste incinerator (HWI) in Constantí (Tarragona County, Spain). Concentrations of arsenic
(As), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), thallium
(Tl), and vanadium (V) were determined in brain, bone, kidney, liver, and lung autopsy samples collected in 2003 from 22 individuals
who had been living for at least 10 yr in the area under evaluation. Results were compared with the metal levels obtained
in a baseline study, which was performed during the construction of the HWI (1996–1998). In the present survey, As, Be, Tl,
and V levels were not detected in any of the analyzed tissues, while Cr concentrations were very close to the limit of detection.
The highest levels of Cd and Hg were found in kidney (17.46 μg/g and 0.23 μg/g, respectively), those of Mn in liver (1.07
μg/g), and those of Ni, Pb, and Sn in bone (1.16 μg/g, 2.11 μg/g, and 0.34 μg/g, respectively). In comparison to the results
of the baseline study, a general reduction of most metal concentrations was observed in the current survey. 相似文献