黄土高原冬小麦田光谱特征变化及其与二氧化碳日收支的相关分析

根据光谱辐射仪对黄土高原冬小麦整个生育期光谱反射率的连续观测数据及CO₂通量观测数据,对冬小麦田光谱特征变化及其与CO₂日收支的相关性进行了分析.结果表明：冬小麦田不同波长光谱反射率和归一化植被指数（NDVI）呈现明显的日变化和季节变化.同一天内,反射率随太阳高度角的变化而变化,变化最大的波段（550 nm左右、700～1 050 nm）表现为峰.不同生育期同一时刻,可见光波段（350～670 nm）反射率变化不大,近红外波段（700～1 050 nm）出现较大差异,在出苗期、分蘖期和越冬期后红边位置向长波方向“红移”;越冬期前出现向短波方向“蓝移” 的现象;但成熟期“蓝移”现象不明显,表现为突变;其他生育时期没有观测到波谱位移.NDVI的日变化呈U型,13：00左右最低,16：00后出现较大波动,与抛物线有较好的拟合效果,小麦生长旺盛时期,对其地面遥感观测应选择在NDVI变化不大的13：00左右进行;整个冬小麦生长季11:00反射率及NDVI以播种后第140天为中心对称,NDVI的季节变化表现为M型,可用四次多项式拟合;在整个小麦生育期中NDVI与CO₂的日收支呈极显著负相关,但正午左右的相关性稍差.     

植物绿叶对光的吸收规律的实验研究

实验结果表明:(1)光线照射到植物绿叶时,光的反射不仅仅发生在叶子表面,还发生在表面以下各组织层;(2)在190—860nm之间,绿叶在190—500nm段出现一个吸收区,在680nm处出现一个吸收峰,它们的吸收比均高达85％以上;(3)虽然710—750nm的红光对叶片的反射比大于500—570nm的绿光,但人眼看到叶片仍然是绿色,我们对这一现象进行了解释。本文将为研究绿叶的光学性质和光合作用等提供有用的参数。     

关于植物光合作用的量子分析

以无限深势阱为模型,应用量子力学微扰理论计算了叶绿素中电子跃迁几率,并且求得电子对阱壁产生的压力以及所做的构像功。研究结果表明：只有外场频率与叶绿素的固有频率相等时电子才发生跃迁,从而导致叶绿素吸收中心波长432nm的蓝光和662nm红光。当电子跃迁到高能级,对阱壁的压力增大,阱壁被拓宽,激发电子做了构像功,激发了酶的活性,促使植物光合作用。     

与实验条件相关的基因功能模块聚类分析方法

针对细胞内基因功能模块化的现象,定义了“基因功能模块”和“特征功能模块”两个概念,并基于这两个概念提出一种“与实验条件相关的基因功能模块聚类算法”。该算法综合利用基因功能知识与基因表达谱信息,将基因聚类为与实验条件相关的基因功能模块。向基因表达谱中加入水平逐渐升高的数据噪音,根据基因功能模块对数据噪音的抵抗力,确定最稳定的基因功能模块,即特征功能模块。加噪音实验显示,在基因芯片技术可能发生的噪音范围内,该算法对噪音的稳健性优于层次聚类和模糊C均值聚类。将模块聚类算法应用在NCI60数据集上,发现了8个与实验条件高度相关的特征功能模块。     

“叶绿体中色素的提取和分离”实验中的几种特殊现象及其原因探究

针对“叶绿体中色素的提取和分离”实验中出现的一些特殊现象．如在点样处仍留有一条绿色的条带;在点样处留有其他颜色（非绿色）的色素带;4条色素条带不整齐等现象,设计了相关实验进行分析验证,以探究出现这些现象的原因。     

一维映射与Monte Carlo方法在生态系统中的应用

自从Feigenbaum的理论经实验验证后,混沌理论的重要性逐渐为人所知。它揭示了一大类非线性系统在外参量逐步变化过程中,会出现从稳态经由倍周期分岔过渡到混沌现象的特征,它也揭示了一个由确定论方程决定的系统也可以出现“内在随机性”的结果。这一理论现已广泛地应用于力、热、光、声、电学乃至医学、生物学等各个领域中。在生态学     

黄土丘陵区不同立地条件下沙棘光合生理日变化特征比较

在自然状态下测定了不同立地条件下沙棘光合生理生态日变化特征。结果表明,沙棘光合速率日变化基本为双峰曲线,均有不同程度的“午休”现象,山地沙棘出现在14：00左右,而川地出现在12：00前后,两峰值出现的时间因立地条件和水分条件而变化,山地沙棘雨后峰值出现时间推迟,但“午休”时间未变,这可能是沙棘适应川地、山地不同环境条件的结果。蒸腾速率日变化也呈双峰曲线,最低点与光合“午休”点重合,水分利用效率基本为“V”字型,以光合”午休”点为转折点。对大气因子日变化的同步测定表明,川地气温日均值较高,相对湿度较低,因而在干旱季节里川地沙棘更可能较山地沙棘受到大气干旱影响。山地较高的相对湿度有利于缓解土壤干旱对沙棘光合的影响,在水分利用上趋向于效率的提高。     

初级视觉皮层“简单”与“复杂”神经元动力学的计算建模

本文回顾了我们在哺乳动物视觉皮层的建模工作.利用初级视觉皮层的大规模神经元网络模型,我们解释了初级视觉皮层里“简单”与“复杂”神经元现象的网络机制.所谓的“简单”细胞对视觉刺激的反应近似线性,而“复杂”细胞对视觉刺激是非线性的.我们的模型成功地再现了简单和复杂细胞分布的实验数据.     

基于“珠海一号”高光谱遥感影像的薇甘菊入侵监测

采用“珠海一号”卫星高光谱遥感影像,结合薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha)地面光谱数据,利用决策树分层分类提取方法,实现大范围薇甘菊入侵信息识别提取。结果表明,“珠海一号”OHS高光谱数据能准确反映薇甘菊精细光谱特征;在OHS高光谱数据的32个波段中,Band13 (665 nm)、Band22 (780 nm)、Band25 (833 nm)、Band26 (850 nm)、Band27 (865 nm)、Band28 (880 nm)是识别提取薇甘菊的最佳波段;利用OHS高光谱数据监测薇甘菊分布提取精度达82.6 %,可满足薇甘菊入侵监测日常业务需要,为薇甘菊精准防治提供有力支撑。     

钾离子影响气孔开度实验条件的优化选择

按张志良先生（1998）主编的《植物生理学实验指导》（以下简称“指导”）一书中“钾离子对气孔开度的影响”实验原理和操作步骤,应得到的表皮气孔开度大小依次为K^＋〉Na^＋〉对照。但在具体实验中,我们经常见到实验组与对照组（蒸馏水）的气孔开度差异不大,或实验组中K^＋的作用不明显,甚至出现结果相反的现象。为此,我们依据实验原理,对取材、溶液浓度、对照、处理时间等实验条件进行了探索,并用测微尺准确测量气孔的开度,得到了预期的效果。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.