白细胞介素-1受体I型在正常大鼠胰腺的表达

目的研究白细胞介素-1的Ⅰ型受体(IL-1RI)蛋白在正常大鼠胰腺的表达。方法Western blotting和免疫荧光双重染色。结果胰腺组织的Western blotting结果表明,阳性反应条带出现在80 kD处,与IL-1RI分子量一致。免疫荧光双重染色证实,胰岛素(胰岛β细胞的标志物)免疫反应阳性的细胞均为IL-1RI阳性;胰腺外分泌部细胞呈胰岛素免疫反应阴性,但IL-1RI为阳性。结论大鼠胰腺胰岛的β细胞和外分泌部细胞均表达IL-1RI,提示促炎性细胞因子可能对胰腺的内、外分泌功能都有影响。     

人胰腺内分泌细胞中CD 57免疫反应性的表达

CD57是一种分子量为110 KD的糖蛋白,它是人类自然杀伤细胞(NK)和杀伤细胞(K)的特异性表面抗原。用它免疫小鼠产生的抗CD57单克隆抗体可特异性识别人的NK 和K 细胞表面抗原。本文应用ABC 免疫组织化学染色结合葡萄糖氧化酶DAB-硫酸镍铵显色技术研究了CD 57在人胰腺的表达和分布。结果发现,CD 57免疫反应(CD 57一IR)细胞主要分布在胰腺的内分泌部(胰岛),偶见于胰腺外分泌部的腺泡和导管上皮中。多数CD 57-IR 细胞呈典型内分泌细胞的形态特征。相邻切片法证明大多数Glu,SS,HPP 和PS 免疫反应细胞呈CD 57阳性。胰腺内神经纤维亦呈CD 57阳性。少数呈CD 57阳性的NK 和K 细胞散布在胰腺结缔组织中。本文对CD 57免疫反应性在人胰腺内分泌细胞中表达的意义进行了讨论。     

Ghrelin在绵羊体内卵母细胞和早期胚胎的表达

为了明确ghrelin是否参与了卵母细胞成熟及胚胎早期发育进程,本研究利用免疫荧光技术和实时定量RT-PCR技术检测了绵羊卵母细胞和体内早期胚胎中ghrelin蛋白的表达定位和ghrelin mRNA水平相对表达变化规律。免疫荧光染色结果表明,ghrelin蛋白主要分布于卵母细胞胞质内;实时定量RT-PCR结果揭示绵羊卵母细胞和早期胚胎ghrelin mRNA的相对表达量依据发育阶段的不同而呈现一定变化规律,即在成熟卵母细胞,2细胞胚胎期和8细胞胚胎期显著高于未成熟卵母细胞和4细胞胚胎期(P<0.05),囊胚期表达量最高。卵母细胞和早期胚胎中ghrelin蛋白的表达及ghrelin mRNA特定的表达模式,揭示这一新型分子在绵羊卵母细胞成熟以及胚胎早期发育过程中具有潜在的调控作用。     

CCK—8、M—ENK免疫反应结构在猫延髓吻侧腹侧区的分布

用免疫组化 ABC 技术,观察了八肽缩胆囊素(CCK—8),甲硫氨酸脑啡肽(M—ENK)免疫反应(IR)结构在猫延髓吻侧腹侧区的分布。结果表明:CCK—8—IR 细胞分内、外两群:内侧群细胞分布于巨细胞网状核(NGc)、旁巨细胞外侧核(PGL)以及下橄榄核背外侧的网状结构,从吻侧向尾侧逐渐减少;外侧群细胞分布于外侧网状核(LRN)及其背内侧网状结构,从吻侧向尾侧逐渐增多。在中缝苍白核(Rpa)、中缝大核(Rm)仅见少量 CCK—8—IR 细胞。察见 CCK—8—IR纤维主要有3种:粗、细和终末前纤维。CCK—8—IR 纤维在面后核、疑核以及二核紧邻的网状结构最为密集;在 PGL 密度中等;在 NGc、LRN、Rpa 和 Rm 稀疏分布。M—ENK—IR 细胞和纤维分布于 Rpa、Rm、NGc、PGL 和 LRN,此外在面后核、疑核以及二核紧邻的网状结构可见较密集的纤维。     

小鼠胚胎心包内动脉心外膜的形成及其细胞的分布变化

目的探讨小鼠胚胎心包内动脉心外膜的起源、形成及其所含细胞在心包内主、肺动脉管壁发育过程中可能的作用。方法取胚龄E9.5—E16的小鼠胚胎石蜡包埋连续切片,进行免疫组织化学染色。提取及培养E13小鼠胚胎心包内主、肺动脉组织原代心外膜祖细胞,进行免疫荧光染色。结果 E9.5—E10.5小鼠胚胎,心外膜逐渐形成并分布于心房、房室管和心室壁外表面,但流出道壁心外膜尚未形成;E11—E11.5小鼠胚胎,流出道非心肌部逐渐分隔为心包内升主动脉和肺动脉干,动脉心外膜开始出现在心包腔背侧壁以及与之相连的流出道壁远端;E12.5—E16小鼠胚胎,心包内主、肺动脉完全分隔,第二生心区前体细胞与动脉心外膜向平滑肌细胞分化,动脉瓣膜内也可见动脉心外膜来源的心外膜细胞。结论小鼠胚胎流出道非心肌部心外膜来自于动脉端心包腔背侧壁脏壁中胚层,动脉心外膜来源的间充质细胞可以进入动脉中膜,参与动脉壁的发育,同时参与动脉瓣膜的发育。     

小鼠早期胚胎发育期间TGF-β_1免疫组织化学定位

用兔抗人血小板TGF-β_1 N末端1—29氨基酸残基人工合成多肽抗血清作探针以及免疫荧光和免疫酶染色技术,分析了1—12天小鼠早期发育期间胚胎的TGF-β_1物质分布。结果表明,着床前胚胎包括卵裂细胞,桑椹胚和胚泡的ICM及滋养外胚层等细胞均显示TGF-β_1阳性免疫荧光染色。免疫酶染色还证明,沿囊胚腔顶部单层排列的原始内胚层细胞比邻近的ICM细胞有较深的染色反应。随着胚胎着床和进一步发育,7天龄胚胎中胚层早期形成阶段,紧靠中胚层一侧的外胚层胞质中含有浓集的棕色颗粒;各胚层的部分区域也存在着染色强度上差别。8—12天龄胚胎中,体节,心壁、间质细胞和肠道以及卵黄囊的脏壁中胚层均有显著的TGF-β_1免疫酶阳性物质。这些结果表明,着床前小鼠胚胎富含TGF-β_1物质,着床后的胚外组织,例如卵黄囊也为胚胎进一步发育提供了富含TGF-β_1物质的微环境;同时也提示,小鼠早期胚胎发育期间的胚泡形成,ICM细胞分化出原始内胚层,卵柱期中胚层形成,以及以后的神经管、体节和肢芽形成阶段等一系列形态发生和器官形成过程中,TGF-β_1可能是参与重要作用的一种生长调节因子。     

大鼠胰腺γ-氨基丁酸免疫组织化学定位

本文用ABC—GDN免疫组织化学方法,研究了γ-氨基丁酸(Gamma—Aminobutyric Acid,GABA)在大鼠胰腺的定位和分布,并用相邻切片法,观察它与胰岛素的共存关系。结果发现GABA免疫反应阳性细胞主要分布于胰腺内分泌部(胰岛)。在外分泌部亦有少许分布。大部分胰岛细胞呈GABA免疫反应阳性,集中位于胰岛的中央部。相邻连续切片免疫染色证实GABA与胰岛素共存于胰岛B细胞中。外分泌部胰腺GABA免疫反应阳性细胞,呈零散分布于腺泡和导管上皮间。本文为进一步探讨GABA在胰腺的生理作用提供了形态学依据。     

5-羟色胺在豚鼠胰腺分布的免疫组织化学研究

本研究用ABC免疫染色法,结合葡萄糖氧化酶-DAB-硫酸镍铵(Glucose oxidase-DAB-Nickle,GDN)显色技术,在Bouin液固定的常规石蜡切片上,研究了5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamin,5-HT)在豚鼠胰腺内的定位和分布,并用相邻切片免疫双标记,观察了它与胰岛素的共存关系,结果发现,在豚鼠胰腺内,外分泌部均有5-HT免疫反应细胞分布。在胰腺内分泌部(胰岛)5-HT免疫反应细胞分布均匀,大部分胰岛细胞呈阳性5-HT样免疫反应,用相邻薄切片免疫双标记技术证明,胰岛内的5-HT免疫反应细胞主要是B细胞。在胰腺外分泌部,5-HT免疫反应细胞呈单个分散或聚集分布,主要位于腺泡和导管等处,偶见于结缔组织间隔中。本文对研究5-HT在胰腺的生理作用及其机制提供了形态学依据。     

扬子鳄胚胎胰腺内分泌细胞发生的免疫组织化学研究

目的 研究13种特异性激素在扬子鳄胚胎胰腺早期发育中的表达。方法 应用免疫组织化学方法。结果 显示生长抑素（SS）,5-羟色胺（5-HT）,胰高血糖素（GLU）,表皮生长因子（EGF）,胰多肽（PP）免疫反应性（IR）细胞出现于第8天,P物质（SP）IR细胞出现于第18天,P53,胃泌素,睾酮,嗜铬素A,血管活性肠肽,上皮膜抗原,胰岛素在各期扬子鳄胚胎胰腺中均未发现。结论 表明SS、5-HT,GLU,EGF、PP和S害扬子鳄胚胎胰腺形成的分化的不同阶段发挥着重要作用。     

再生胰腺提取物诱导人羊膜间充质干细胞定向分化为胰岛素分泌细胞

利用天然生物诱导剂大鼠再生胰腺提取物(Rgenerating pancreatic extract,RPE)定向诱导人羊膜间充质干细胞(Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells,hAMSCs)向胰岛素分泌细胞分化。切除大鼠60%胰腺刺激胰腺再生,而后制备RPE,以终浓度为20 mg/L的RPE诱导hAMSCs。实验通过形态学鉴定、双硫腙染色、免疫荧光分析、RT-PCR基因检测和高糖刺激胰岛素分泌等实验鉴定细胞诱导结果。实验结果显示P3代hAMSCs经RPE诱导后形态变化明显,诱导15 d后细胞呈簇状生长,经双硫腙染色可见棕红色细胞团;免疫荧光染色结果显示诱导细胞呈胰岛素阳性表达;RT-PCR实验证明诱导细胞阳性表达人胰岛相关基因Pdx1和insulin;高糖刺激实验证明培养液中有胰岛素成分产生,且分泌量随刺激时间的延长先增加而后趋于稳定。实验结果表明hAMSCs在体外经RPE诱导可以分化为胰岛素分泌细胞。     

小鼠肺静脉起源和肺静脉心肌的形成

目的探讨小鼠胚胎心脏静脉端肺静脉α-横纹肌肌节肌动蛋白（α-SCA）、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）的表达特征,研究肺静脉起源及肺静脉心肌的形成。方法妊娠小鼠经乙醚麻醉,收集9—17天胎龄胚胎。对小鼠胚胎心脏进行石蜡连续切片,用抗α-SCA、抗α-SMA单克隆抗体对连续切片进行免疫组化PAP法染色。结果小鼠胚胎发育第11天,心背系膜内α-SCA、α-SMA表达皆阴性的内皮性肺静脉出现,肺静脉开口于原始房间隔左侧。小鼠胚胎发育第12天,肺静脉周围出现α-SCA、α-SMA阳性细胞。小鼠胚胎发育第12天以后,伴随肺静脉纵向延伸,α-SMA阳性细胞出现在肺静脉周围的间充质中,肺静脉周围α-SCA、α-SMA阳性细胞逐渐增多,在第12-13天之间增加最明显,小鼠胚胎发育至14、15d两种抗体表达至高峰。胚胎发育第16,17天,开口于左房发育渐成熟的肺静脉。α-SMA表达明显下降,α-SCA的表达还维持在较高水平。结论肺静脉不在静脉窦中发育,肺静脉始基和内皮性肺静脉与原始心房或左心房直接连接;肺静脉心肌来源于周围邻近的间充质细胞。     

Hybrid insulin genes reveal a developmental lineage for pancreatic endocrine cells and imply a relationship with neurons

Insulin appears in the developing mouse pancreas at embryonic day 12 (e12). Transgenic mice harboring three distinct hybrid genes utilizing insulin gene regulatory information first express the transgene product two days earlier, at e10, in a few cells of the pancreatic bud. Throughout development and postnatal life, all of the insulin-producing (beta) cells coexpress the hybrid insulin gene. In addition, islet cells containing glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, and the neuronal enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase coexpress the transgene when they first arise. Similarly, coexpression of these normally distinct islet cell markers occurs during differentiation of the four endocrine cell types. The transgene product also appears transiently during embryogenesis in cells of the neural tube and in neural crest. The results suggest a common precursor for the endocrine cells of the pancreas. Moreover, they imply a relationship between neural and pancreatic endocrine tissue.     

神经元限制性沉默因子与胰岛素在成年小鼠胰腺中的表达

目的:观察神经元限制性沉默因子(NRSF)在正常成年小鼠胰腺组织中的表达情况。方法:以6～8周BALB/c小鼠胰腺为实验材料,制备冰冻切片,与地高辛标记的NRSF cDNA探针进行原位杂交,观察mRNA表达,并结合免疫组织化学方法检测NRSF和胰岛素的表达。结果:原位杂交显示,NRSF mRNA仅表达于胰腺组织外分泌部腺泡腺细胞中,胞浆呈蓝紫色,与免疫荧光组织化学检测NRSF蛋白表达的部位一致,而胰岛细胞中无NRSF mRNA及蛋白的表达。免疫酶组织化学染色显示,胰岛大部分细胞中表达胰岛素,胞浆染成黄棕色,而腺泡腺细胞则不表达胰岛素。结论:NRSF与胰岛素不存在共定位关系,即成年小鼠胰岛细胞不表达NRSF,而表达胰岛素。提示NRSF蛋白表达的消失可能是建立完全分化成熟、具有完好分泌反应的胰岛细胞所必需的。     

大鼠生后发育期间胰腺IAPP免疫组织化学定位研究

本文应用免疫组织化学ＰＡＰ法对正常雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠生后发育期间胰腺ＩＡＰＰ－ＩＲ阳性细胞进行了定位研究。结果表明;生后１天的大鼠胰岛内即已存在ＩＡＰＰ－ＩＲ阳性细胞,双染法证实ＩＡＰＰ与胰岛素共存于胰岛Ｂ细胞的胞质内。ＩＡＰＰ细胞免疫反应强度随生后发育而变化,２８天以后趋于稳定。胰腺外分泌部也有散在的ＩＡＰＰ－ＩＲ细胞。本文初步探讨了上述结果的生物学意义。     

SD大鼠原代胰岛细胞分离、纯化及培养技术的改进

目的:探讨大鼠胰岛细胞分离、纯化及培养的方法,并评价其生物学功能。方法:选用8~10周龄健康SD大鼠,采用胆总管逆行注射预冷胶原酶P溶液,37℃水浴静止消化,30目不锈钢筛网过滤,Ficoll400非连续密度梯度离心纯化。分离后的胰岛用DTZ染色计算胰岛产量,胰岛素释放试验评价其生物学功能。结果:胰岛细胞分布于Ficoll400浓度为23%~20%和20%~11%的界面之间。DTZ染色呈红色细胞团,胰岛产量为(606±56)IEQ/胰腺。纯度高达80~90%,活率≥90%,胰岛素释放功能良好。结论:胶原酶P溶液原位消化,Ficoll400纯化是一种高效简便的胰岛分离方法,分离的胰岛细胞数量多、纯度高及活性好。     

大鼠胰腺发育阶段Mesothelin的表达

目的:研究Mesothenlin在大鼠胰腺发育阶段的表达和细胞定位。方法:运用RT-PCR和Western Blot技术分别检测Mesothenlin在大鼠胰腺发育阶段的mRNA和蛋白表达水平;运用免疫荧光检测不同时期Mesothenlin在胰腺的组织细胞学定位。结果:RT-PCR结果显示E18.5 Mesothelin mRNA的表达水平显著增高,至P14达到高峰,成年较低。Western Blot结果显示其蛋白表达趋势与mRNA完全相同。免疫荧光结果显示在不同发育时期Mesothenlin与胰岛β细胞和间充质细胞共表达。结论:Mesothenlin在大鼠胚胎胰岛形成及生后结构重塑中出现显著性高表达,并表达于胰岛β细胞和间充质细胞。     

Localization of calcitonin gene-related peptide and islet amyloid polypeptide in the rat and mouse pancreas

Summary It was previously demonstrated that the two chemically related peptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) both occur in the pancreas. We have now examined the cellular localization of CGRP and IAPP in the rat and the mouse pancreas. We found, in both the rat and the mouse pancreas, CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers throughout the parenchyma, including the islets, with particular association with blood vessels. CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were regularly seen within the islets. In contrast, no IAPP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were demonstrated in this location. Furthermore, in rat islets, CGRP immunoreactivity was demonstrated in peripherally located cells, constituting a major subpopulation of the somatostatin cells. Such cells were lacking in the mouse islets. IAPP-like immunoreactivity was demonstrated in rat and mouse islet insulin cells, and, in the rat, also in a few non-insulin cells in the islet periphery. These cells seemed to be identical with somatostatin/CGRP-immunoreactive elements. In summary, the study shows (1) that CGRP, but not IAPP, is a pancreati neuropeptide both in the mouse and the rat; (2) that a subpopulation of rat somatostatin cells contain CGRP; (3) that mouse islet endocrine cells do not contain CGRP; (4) that insulin cells in both the rat and the mouse contain IAPP; and (5) that in the rat, a non-insulin cell population apparently composed of somatostatin cells stores immunoreactive IAPP. We conclude that CGRP is a pancreatic neuropeptide and IAPP is an islet endocrine peptide in both the rat and the mouse, whereas CGRP is an islet endocrine peptide in the rat.     

胰岛淀粉样多肽在豚鼠胰腺分布的免疫组织化学研究

本文用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法,研究了胰岛淀粉样多肽（Ｉｓｌｅｔａｍｙｌｏｉｄｐｏｌｙｐｅｐｔｉｄｅ,ＩＡＰＰ或称Ａｍｙｌｉｎ）在豚鼠胰脏的分布,并用邻片免疫组织化学双标记法,观察了ＩＡＰＰ与胰岛素（Ｉｎｓｕｌｉｎ,ＩＮＳ）、生长抑素（ＳｏｍａｔｏｓｔａｔｉｎＳＳ）的共存关系。结果显示,豚鼠胰岛内绝大多数细胞都呈ＩＡＰＰ阳性免疫反应,在胰外分泌部的腺泡和导管内也散在分布有ＩＡＰＰ免疫反应阳性细胞。多数ＩＡＰＰ免疫反应阳性的细胞都显示ＩＮＳ免疫反应阳性,胰岛内少数ＩＡＰＰ阳性细胞也呈ＳＳ免疫反应阳性。说明ＩＡＰＰ主要分布在豚鼠的胰岛内．但也少量存在于外分泌部。ＩＡＰＰ主要和ＩＮＳ共存于Ｂ细胞内。但也和ＳＳ共存于Ｄ细胞内,提示ＩＡＰＰ可能通过自分泌途径调节ＩＮＳ和ＳＳ的分泌。     

An immunohistochemical study of the insulin-, glucagon- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells in the developing pancreas of the chicken embryo

The distributions and relative frequencies of insulin-, glucagon- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were studied in dorsal, ventral, third and splenic lobes of developing chicken pancreas during embryonic periods (10 days of incubation to hatching) by immunohistochemical methods. The regions of pancreas were subdivided into three regions: exocrine, light and dark islet. Round, oval and spherical shaped immunoreactive cells were detected in all four lobes. According to developmental stages, the types of lobes and the regions of pancreas showed various distributions and relative frequencies. In the splenic lobes, insulin, glucagon and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were detected in exocrine, dark islet and light islet from time differentiation of splenic lobes, 13 days of incubation. The insulin- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells of the third lobes were detected in exocrine and light islets from 10 days of incubation, and in dark islets from 15 and 11 days of incubation respectively. Glucagon-immunoreactive cells were detected in exocrine, dark and light islets from 16, 11 and 19 days of incubation respectively. These immunoreactive cells of the ventral lobes were detected in exocrine and light islets. However, dark islets were not found in this lobe. Insulin-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated from 10 days of incubation in these two regions. Glucagon-immunoreactive cells were detected from 17 days of incubation in exocrine and 16 days of incubation in the light islets. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated from 11 days of incubation in exocrine and 14 days of incubation in the light islets. In the dorsal lobes, insulin-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in exocrine, dark and light islets from 12, 14, and 13 days of incubation, respectively. Glucagon- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were detected in dark and light islets from 13 and 14 days of incubation, respectively. Glucagon- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated from 10 and 11 days of incubation in exocrine respectively. Generally, insulin-immunoreactive cells were increased in light islets but decreased in light islets with developmental stages. However, glucagon-immunoreactive cells were decreased in light islets but increased in dark islets. In addition, somatostatin-immunoreactive cells showed the same frequencies in light and dark islets with developmental stages except exocrine which increased with developmental stages.