特定人群超重及肥胖与相关疾病患病分析

目的：分析特定人群超重患病率,以及超重与高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、脂肪肝等相关疾病的关系,为及早预防慢性非传染性疾病奠定基础。方法：对平房地区采取长效避孕措施的603名户籍农村已婚育龄妇女进行健康体检,按体重指数（BMI）分为正常组、超重组和肥胖组,比较各组间高血压、高血糖、高血脂、脂肪肝等相关疾病检出率的差异。结果：特定人群超重发病率及超重相关疾病检出率的差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：平房地区特定人群超重及肥胖发病率未明显高于国内平均水平及全市水平。但超重及肥胖与高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、脂肪肝等疾病存在较大相关关系,为了进一步降低心脑血管高危因素和死亡率。需采取早期、有效的措施控制超重和肥胖倾向。     

驻某地武警机关干部体质指数与代谢性疾病的关系

目的:探讨健康体检的驻某地武警机关干部体质指数(BMI)与代谢性疾病的关系。方法:采用横断面调查方法对健康体检的1920名驻某地武警机关干部和270名地方机关干部的体质指数情况进行比较分析,探讨超重肥胖与代谢性疾病的关系。结果:1.军人组超重率及肥胖率均低于地方组(P<0.01)。2.<50岁人群组随年龄增加,超重及肥胖检出率有增高趋势(P<0.01),40~49岁人群超重率和肥胖率最高;50~65岁人群超重与肥胖率最低。3.两组机关干部随BMI升高,高总胆固醇、高甘油三酯、高尿酸血症、脂肪肝检出率增高(P<0.01);军人组高尿酸血症发病率明显高于地方组(P<0.05);高血压、高血脂发病率明显降低(P<0.05);与地方超重组比较,军人超重组脂肪肝发病率明显升高(P<0.05)。4.在30~50岁的军人中,随着年龄升高,高血压、高血糖、高血脂、高尿酸,脂肪肝发病率明显升高(P<0.01)。结论:健康体检人群超重、肥胖率较高,控制体重对高血压、高血糖、高血脂及脂肪肝等慢性病的防治具有重要意义。军人组超重与肥胖率均低于地方,但高尿酸血症和高脂肪肝发病率升高,故建议有代谢性疾病的军人限制饮酒可能会受益。     

干休所健康体检人群糖尿病的发病率及相关危险因素分析

目的:探讨健康体检人群中糖尿病的发病率及相关危险因素,为糖尿病的预防提供参考。方法:对参加健康体检的500名离退休人员的空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(OGTT 2 h)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、体重指数(BMI)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度胆固醇(HDL-C)及甘油三脂(TG)进行检测。应用logistic分析糖尿病发生的相关危险因素。结果:500名参加体检的患者中,确诊糖尿病167例,糖尿病的发病率为33.4%,其中男性88例,占52.7%;女性59例,占47.31%。糖尿病患者的SBP、DBP、BMI、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C及TG水平与健康人群呈显著差异,数据具有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic分析结果显示血压、血脂异常、体重指数与糖尿病的发生呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:离退休人员发生糖尿病的比例较高,且高血压、高血脂、超重或肥胖等是糖尿病发生的危险因素,应引起临床的重视。     

燕麦β-葡聚糖与疾病关系

综述燕麦β 葡聚糖与糖尿病、血脂异常、心血管疾病、高血压、超重或肥胖、消化系统的健康、癌症、慢性肾病和肝损伤的关系的研究进展。     

广东丰顺地区老年高血压患者的危险因素及合并症的特征

目的:分析广东省丰顺地区老年高血压患者的临床特点,为临床治疗该地区老年高血压病提供参考。方法:选取广东省丰顺县人民医院等共3所医院2015年1月至2016年1月收治的老年高血压患者827例,并对所收集的临床资料进行整理,回顾性分析该地区老年人高血压病心脑血管危险因素的分布特征以及其合并症的发生情况。结果:本次纳入研究的827例老年高血压患者中,男性409人,占49.5%,女性418人,占50.5%,平均年龄(75.32±8.74)岁。其中,34.23%存在血脂异常,15.60%有吸烟史,4.47%有高血压家族史,肥胖占2.06%,23.10%合并糖尿病,29.02%合并冠心病,5.20%合并心力衰竭,28.78%合并脑血管疾病,25.83%合并肾功能不全。不同高血压级别合并脑血管病、冠心病、心力衰竭、肾功能不全的发生率存在显著差异(P=0.047,P0.001,P=0.026,P=0.041),而吸烟、血脂异常、肥胖、糖尿病的占比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:广东省丰顺地区老年高血压患者在心脑血管病危险因素中所占比重最大的是血脂异常,合并冠心病及脑血管疾病比例最大,这可能与血脂异常有着密切的关系。     

成都地区中老年居民血清尿酸相关危险因素分析

目的:分析成都地区中老年居民血清尿酸水平及其影响因素,为防治心脑血管事件提供策略支持。方法:利用2007代谢综合征研究调查资料(共1061人),把人群依据血尿酸水平分为增高组(男性>420umol/L,女性>357umol/L)及正常组(男性≤420umol/L,女性≤357umol/L),分析两组人群的多个代谢性指标的分布特征,并采用logistic回归分析寻找与尿酸相关的危险因素。结果:①两个分组间年龄、收缩压、男性比重、高血压家族史、人体质量指数、腰围、臀围、空腹血糖、肾功能等指标尿酸增高组明显高于尿酸正常组,舒张压则是尿酸增高组明显低于尿酸正常组。②血脂各成分中,总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白水平尿酸增高组高于正常组,其余甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白分组间无统计学差异。③尿酸增高组其代谢综合征、高血压、糖尿病、肥胖、腹型肥胖、血脂异常等患病率皆高于尿酸正常组,差异有统计学意义。④Logistic回归分析提示尿酸与你男性性别、年龄、收缩压、BMI、腰围、臀围、空腹血糖、肌酐、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白水平呈正相关,与女性性别及舒张压呈负相关。结论:成都地区尿酸与代谢性指标及肾功能相关指标关系密切,可能可以通过减少尿酸来减少心脑血管疾病、代谢性疾病及肾脏疾病的发生。     

新疆贫困地区维吾尔族农民肥胖与血脂异常相关性研究

肥胖及血脂异常研究很少涉及低收入地区。本研究分析了新疆低收入地区维吾尔族农民体质指数(BMI)、超重及肥胖与多种血脂分子异常的关系,探讨贫困地区筛查高危人群的适宜策略。在新疆喀什农村对3 286名年龄≥18岁个体(男1 585人,女1 701人) 进行问卷检查、体格检查及多项血脂分子的检测。数据采用Pearson相关性、ROC、Logistic回归等统计学分析。结果显示,在男女性中,随着BMI的增加,甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)的血浓度呈现递增趋势（P<0.01）;男/女性TG、LDLC、TC血浓度均与BMI有显著相关性(P<0.01)。单项或多项血脂异常率均随BMI增加而上升;同一个体2个血脂指标同时异常的高危组合分别是TG+HDLC(高密度脂蛋白胆固醇)和TC+TG。Logistic联合多变量ROC曲线分析表明, 单项指标HDLC(AUC=089)在血脂异常诊断中的权重最高;而组合指标TG+HDLC(AUC=095)的权重高于其它任何组合。单因素Logistic回归分析发现,超重和肥胖是代谢综合征相关血脂指标TG、TC和HDLC异常的危险因素(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,在南疆农村贫困维吾尔族人群中,男女性超重与肥胖者均与血脂指标异常升高相关;HDLC、TG和 TC 任意两个指标同时异常,为血脂异常的高危状态。肥胖伴有“TG+HDLC”异常升高可能是血脂异常相关疾病的“集合危险因素”,在贫困地区具有临床筛查参考价值。     

新疆贫困地区维吾尔族农民肥胖与血脂异常相关性研究

肥胖及血脂异常研究很少涉及低收入地区。本研究分析了新疆低收入地区维吾尔族农民体质指数(BMI)、超重及肥胖与多种血脂分子异常的关系,探讨贫困地区筛查高危人群的适宜策略。在新疆喀什农村对3 286名年龄≥18岁个体(男1 585人,女1 701人) 进行问卷检查、体格检查及多项血脂分子的检测。数据采用Pearson相关性、ROC、Logistic回归等统计学分析。结果显示,在男女性中,随着BMI的增加,甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)的血浓度呈现递增趋势（P<0.01）;男/女性TG、LDLC、TC血浓度均与BMI有显著相关性(P<0.01)。单项或多项血脂异常率均随BMI增加而上升;同一个体2个血脂指标同时异常的高危组合分别是TG+HDLC(高密度脂蛋白胆固醇)和TC+TG。Logistic联合多变量ROC曲线分析表明, 单项指标HDLC(AUC=089)在血脂异常诊断中的权重最高;而组合指标TG+HDLC(AUC=095)的权重高于其它任何组合。单因素Logistic回归分析发现,超重和肥胖是代谢综合征相关血脂指标TG、TC和HDLC异常的危险因素(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,在南疆农村贫困维吾尔族人群中,男女性超重与肥胖者均与血脂指标异常升高相关;HDLC、TG和 TC 任意两个指标同时异常,为血脂异常的高危状态。肥胖伴有“TG+HDLC”异常升高可能是血脂异常相关疾病的“集合危险因素”,在贫困地区具有临床筛查参考价值。     

大肠息肉的危险因素分析

目的:探讨大肠息肉在人群中的年龄、性别、病理类型的分布,并探讨体质量指数、吸烟饮酒、血脂水平、相关疾病、饮食习惯及运动状况对大肠息肉发生的影响。方法:选择2011年4月至2013年4月在海军总医院进行电子结肠镜检查的542例患者,将结肠镜检查发现大肠息肉并住院治疗的患者纳入息肉组,将内镜检查无明显异常的患者纳入对照组。比较两组患者的体质量指数、吸烟饮酒、血脂水平、相关疾病、饮食习惯及运动状况等。结果:大肠息肉人群中男性多于女性,40岁以上高发,超重及肥胖者达55.56%;经常饮酒、较少进食蔬菜、水果、粗纤维食物、运动量少及患有高脂血症、高血压、糖尿病、脂肪肝、胆系疾病者易发大肠息肉。结论:高体质量指数、吸烟、高血脂水平、相关疾病、不良饮食习惯、运动量小是大肠息肉发生的危险因素。     

儿童肥胖与代谢综合征相关性的研究进展

近年来,儿童肥胖的检出率呈逐年增长趋势,代谢综合征是以糖代谢异常、血脂异常、高血压、中心性肥胖等集聚于一体的症候群。儿童肥胖是儿童代谢综合征发生的中心因素,严重影响儿童的身心健康,应及早诊断及治疗,而控制儿童肥胖的发生和发展是预防代谢综合征,降低成人心血管疾病、糖尿病等发病率的重要因素。治疗上重在预防,建议合理饮食、加强锻炼,阻止儿童肥胖及代谢综合征的流行与发展。本文针对儿童肥胖与代谢综合征相关性的研究进展进行综述,并提出进一步研究的设想。     

Ethnic differences in lifestyle and overweight in the Netherlands

Objective: To study the effects of lifestyle variables and socioeconomic status on overweight among native Dutch and immigrants in The Netherlands. Research Methods and Procedures: Data were used from a survey sample (N = 2551) of native Dutch and immigrant respondents (Surinamese/Antilleans, Turks, and Moroccans). BMI was calculated using self‐reported weight and height. Lifestyle variables such as modern food habits (take‐out food and eating out) and participating in sports were included, as well as socioeconomic and demographic background variables. Bivariate and ordinary least squares analyses were performed to study BMI and the determinants of overweight among the different groups. Results: All immigrant groups had a higher prevalence of overweight than the Dutch, except Moroccans. Men were overweight more frequently than women. Take‐out food, eating out, and fresh vegetables were related to a decrease in BMI, whereas convenience foods were related to an increase in BMI. For ready‐to‐eat meals, the results were mixed. In all groups, age was associated with a higher BMI, and a higher level of education was associated with a lower BMI. Immigrants participated in sports less frequently than native Dutch people. Discussion: One percent to 5% of the total public health costs can be attributed to costs for overweight‐related diseases. Public health policies should aim at stimulating healthy lifestyles and discouraging bad food habits through higher taxes on high‐calorie foods. In particular, Dutch immigrants should be encouraged to lose weight, because they have a higher risk for overweight‐related diseases.     

Parent overweight predicts daughters' increase in BMI and disinhibited overeating from 5 to 13 years

Objective: To assess whether parental overweight status and disinhibited overeating are predictive of daughters’ accelerated weight gain and disinhibited overeating. Research Methods and Procedures: Participants were part of a longitudinal study of girls (N = 197) and their parents. Measured height and weight were used to calculate BMI [weight (kilograms)/height (meters)²]. Parents’ disinhibited eating behavior was assessed using the Eating Inventory. Girls’ disinhibited eating was assessed using a behavioral protocol to measure eating in the absence of hunger. Girls were classified based on parental overweight at study entry into four groups: neither, mother only, father only, or both parents overweight. Results: Girls with both parents overweight had the most rapid increases in BMI from 5 to 13 years of age; BMI increased most slowly among the neither parent overweight group, with intermediate increases in BMI among mother only and father only overweight groups. Daughters with both parents overweight at study entry were eight times more likely to be overweight at age 13, controlling for daughters’ weight at age 5. Girls with both parents overweight had higher levels of disinhibited eating across all ages than all other groups. Although girls in all parental weight status groups showed increases in disinhibited eating over time, girls with both parents overweight had larger increases in disinhibited eating over time compared with all other groups. Discussion: Girls growing up in families differing in parental overweight had divergent developmental trajectories for BMI and disinhibited overeating. Findings reveal the need to focus prevention efforts on overweight parents of young children.     

湘西地区农村7-15 岁儿童体重指数、血压及其相关性研究

目的:探讨湘西地区农村7-15岁儿童体重指数、血压及其相关性。方法:随机抽取湘西地区怀化市,吉首市,张家界市农村地区,于2011年1月到3月对7-15岁儿童进行调查。我们采用问卷调查法和体格检查法收集资料,采用中国肥胖问题工作组(WGOC)推荐的"中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体重指数值分类标准"。高血压诊断采用文献中国儿童青少年血压参照标准评价肥胖和高血压。结果:1755名7-15岁儿童中,男性938人、占53.4%,女性817人占46.6%。男性BMI正常组838人、超重组7人和肥胖组30人,SBP分别为101.1±23.5 mmHg、103.9±12.0 mmHg、106.9±8.8 mmHg,DBP分别为66.7±9.0 mmHg、69.8±7.4 mmHg、71.7±9.1 mmHg。女性BMI正常组768人、超重组43人和肥胖组17人;SBP分别为101.3±35.1 mmHg、104.5±18.0 mmHg、109.1±9.8 mmHg,差异显著,有统计学意义(P<0.05),DBP分别为66.2±8.1 mmHg、71.1±8.8 mmHg、72.0±7.9 mmHg,差异显著,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。制年龄和性别后,BMI与收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)成独立正相关关系(P<0.05);BMI正常组、超重组和肥胖组的高SBP发生率分别是1.3%、7.1%和15.2%,高DBP发生率分别是4.5%、9.2%和17.4%,高SBP发生率分别是5.3%、13.3%和32.6%,差异显著,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:儿童BMI与SBP和DBP密切相关,儿童超重和肥胖增加高血压的发生风险,且高血压发生率随肥胖程度的增加呈现成倍上升趋势。     

2型糖尿病内脏脂肪含量与胰岛β细胞功能及胰岛素抵抗的关系研究

目的:研究2型糖尿病患者内脏脂肪含量与胰岛β细胞功能及胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法:对65例初诊2型糖尿病患者采用256 CT平脐经L4、5水平进行扫描并测量皮下及内脏脂肪含量,并以BMI不同进行分组,即体重正常组、超重组、肥胖组。采用稳态模式评估法(HOMA)计算胰岛素抵抗指数、胰岛B细胞分泌功能,测量入组患者的相关人体指标、空腹血生化检查指标。结果:超体重组、肥胖组患者腰围、体重指数(body mass index, BMI)、甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C)、空腹血糖,(fasting blood-glucose, FBG)、空腹胰岛素(fasting insulin, FINS)INS、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, HOMA-IR)、胰岛β细胞功能指数(Homeostasis model assessment-β,HOMA-β)指标肥胖组、超重组均明显高于正常体重组(P0.05),超体重组、肥胖组内脏脂肪含量、内脏脂肪面积、皮下脂肪含量、脂肪总含量、脂肪百分比,超重组、肥胖组均明显高于正常体重组(P0.05),且肥胖组各项指标明显高于超重组(P0.05)。多元回归分析显示腹部脂肪总含量、内脏脂肪含量、皮下脂肪含量、内脏脂肪面积、BMI与胰岛素抵抗呈正相关,而其中内脏脂肪含量及面积关系最密切。结论:内脏脂肪含量是2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗及B细胞功能变化的独立影响因素。     

Central obesity as a risk factor for prostatic hyperplasia

Objective: Obesity‐related metabolic diseases may influence prostatic hyperplasia. This study examined the impact of obesity on prostate volume in men without overt obesity‐related metabolic diseases. Research Methods and Procedures: We recruited 146 men over the age of 40 years who did not have overt obesity‐related diseases, such as diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, hypertension, or dyslipidemia. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed on all subjects. The subjects were divided into three groups according to their BMI: normal (18.5 to 22.9 kg/m²), overweight (23 to 24.9 kg/m²), and obese (≥25 kg/m²), and two groups according to their waist circumference: normal waist (≤90 cm) and central obesity (>90 cm). The classification of the subgroups was based on the Asia‐Pacific criteria of obesity. We compared the prostate volume among subgroups and assessed factors related to prostatic hyperplasia. Results: Mean prostate volume was 18.8 ± 5.0, 21.8 ± 7.2, and 21.8 ± 5.6 mL in the normal, overweight, and obese groups, respectively, and was 20.0 ± 5.9 and 23.7 ± 5.3 mL in the normal waist and central obesity group, respectively. Prostate volume was significantly greater in the obese group than in the normal group (P = 0.03) and in the central obesity group compared with the normal waist group (P = 0.002). Prostate volume was positively correlated with BMI and waist circumference after adjustment for age. After adjusting for confounding factors, central obesity was an independent factor affecting prostatic hyperplasia, which was defined as a prostate volume >20 mL (odds ratio = 3.37, p = 0.037). Relative to men with both low BMI (18.5 to 22.9 kg/m²) and normal waist circumference, those with high BMI (≥25 kg/m²) and central obesity were at significantly increased risk of prostatic hyperplasia (odds ratio = 4.88, p = 0.008). However, those with high BMI (≥25 kg/m²) and normal waist circumference were not at significantly increased risk. Discussion: Prostate volume was greater in the obese and central obesity groups than in the normal group after patients with overt obesity‐related metabolic diseases were excluded. Although both BMI and waist circumference were positively correlated with prostate volume, central obesity was the only independent factor affecting prostate hyperplasia. We suggest that central obesity is an important risk factor for prostatic hyperplasia.     

Morbidity and mortality risk associated with an overweight BMI in older men and women

Background: There is controversy as to whether older adults with a BMI in the overweight range (25 to 29.9 kg/m²) are at increased health risk and whether they should be encouraged to lose weight. The purpose of this study was to determine whether older adults with a BMI in the overweight range are at increased morbidity and mortality risk. Methods: Participants consisted of 4968 older (≥65 years) men and women from the Cardiovascular Health Study limited access dataset. Based on BMI (kg/m²), participants were grouped into normal‐weight (20 to 24.9 kg/m²), overweight (25 to 29.9 kg/m²), and obese (≥30 kg/m²) categories. Participants were followed for up to 9 years to determine if they developed 10 weight‐related health outcomes that are pertinent to older adults. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazards ratios of morbidity and mortality after adjusting for age, sex, income, smoking, and physical activity. Results: Compared with the normal‐weight group, the risks of myocardial infarction, stroke, sleep apnea, urinary incontinence, cancer, and osteoporosis were not different in the overweight group (p > 0.05). The risks for arthritis and physical disability were modestly increased in the overweight group (p < 0.05), whereas the risk for type 2 diabetes was increased by 78% in the overweight group (p < 0.01). After adjusting for all relevant covariates, all‐cause mortality risk was 11% lower in the overweight group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: A BMI in the overweight range was associated with some modest disease risks but a slightly lower overall mortality rate. These findings suggest that a BMI cut‐off point of 25 kg/m² may be overly restrictive for the elderly.     

BMI and All‐cause Mortality Among Japanese Older Adults: Findings From the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study

The association between BMI and all‐cause mortality may vary with gender, age, and ethnic groups. However, few prospective cohort studies have reported the relationship in older Asian populations. We evaluated the association between BMI and all‐cause mortality in a cohort comprised 26,747 Japanese subjects aged 65–79 years at baseline (1988–1990). The study participants were followed for an average of 11.2 years. Proportional‐hazards regression models were used to estimate mortality hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals. Until 2003, 9,256 deaths occurred. The underweight group was associated with a statistically higher risk of all‐cause mortality compared with the mid‐normal‐range group (BMI: 20.0–22.9); resulting in a 1.78‐fold (95% confidence interval: 1.45–2.20) and 2.55‐fold (2.13–3.05) increase in mortality risk among severest thin men and women (BMI: <16.0), respectively. Even within the normal‐range group, the lower normal‐range group (BMI: 18.5–19.9) showed a statistically elevated risk. In contrast, being neither overweight (BMI: 25.0–29.9) nor obese (BMI: ≥30.0) elevated the risk among men; however among women, HR was slightly elevated in the obese group but not in the overweight group compared with the mid‐normal‐range group. Among Japanese older adults, a low BMI was associated with increased risk of all‐cause mortality, even among those with a lower normal BMI range. The wide range of BMI between 20.0 and 29.9 in both older men and women showed the lowest all‐cause mortality risk.     

Plasma protein profiling reveals protein clusters related to BMI and insulin levels in middle-aged overweight subjects

BACKGROUND: Biomarkers that allow detection of the onset of disease are of high interest since early detection would allow intervening with lifestyle and nutritional changes before the disease is manifested and pharmacological therapy is required. Our study aimed to improve the phenotypic characterization of overweight but apparently healthy subjects and to identify new candidate profiles for early biomarkers of obesity-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In a population of 56 healthy, middle-aged overweight subjects Body Mass Index (BMI), fasting concentration of 124 plasma proteins and insulin were determined. The plasma proteins are implicated in chronic diseases, inflammation, endothelial function and metabolic signaling. Random Forest was applied to select proteins associated with BMI and plasma insulin. Subsequently, the selected proteins were analyzed by clustering methods to identify protein clusters associated with BMI and plasma insulin. Similar analyses were performed for a second population of 20 healthy, overweight older subjects to verify associations found in population I. In both populations similar clusters of proteins associated with BMI or insulin were identified. Leptin and a number of pro-inflammatory proteins, previously identified as possible biomarkers for obesity-related disease, e.g. Complement 3, C Reactive Protein, Serum Amyloid P, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor clustered together and were positively associated with BMI and insulin. IL-3 and IL-13 clustered together with Apolipoprotein A1 and were inversely associated with BMI and might be potential new biomarkers. CONCLUSION/ SIGNIFICANCE: We identified clusters of plasma proteins associated with BMI and insulin in healthy populations. These clusters included previously reported biomarkers for obesity-related disease and potential new biomarkers such as IL-3 and IL-13. These plasma protein clusters could have potential applications for improved phenotypic characterization of volunteers in nutritional intervention studies or as biomarkers in the early detection of obesity-linked disease development and progression.     

The Relationship Between Body Image Discrepancy and Body Mass Index Across Ethnic Groups

Objective: This study sought to examine at what body mass index (BMI) body image discrepancy (BD) was reported in a community sample of 389 white, Hispanic, and black women. In addition, we assessed the trajectory of the BMI–BD relationship as BMI increases by ethnic group. Research Methods and Procedures: All participants were assessed on height and weight and completed the Figure Rating Scale. Results: We found no difference in the proportion of women in each ethnic group reporting BD. However, white women experienced BD at a lower BMI level (BMI = 24.6), and below the criterion for overweight (BMI = 25). In contrast, black and Hispanic women did not report BD until they were overweight (BMIs of 29.2 and 28.5, respectively). Compared with black and white women, Hispanic women registered increases in BD at smaller increases in BMI. Discussion: These findings could have unhealthful implications for weight control behavior. The results encourage a closer look at ethnicity and BD, and their relationship to obesity and weight control.