中国大鲵五地理种群Cyt b基因全序列及其遗传关系分析

中国大鲵(Andrias davidianus)为特有的珍稀有尾两栖动物,是世界上体形最大的两栖类物种[1]。该物种在中国分布范围非常广,遍及长江、黄河和珠江三大水系,涉及17个省市。大鲵栖息在不同纬度,不同气候带和不同的水系之中,并且由于多方面的原因,使该物种的栖息环境呈现出严重的片断化[2];同时,大鲵对水环境的依赖程度很大,其扩散能力较差,这样大鲵很可能出现不同地理种群的遗传分化和形态变异。在两栖类有尾目中有许多动物存在着由于地理分化引起的遗传差异。mtDNA已被广泛地用于解决种群差异与生物地理的关系,而Cytb基因在线粒体基因组中进化速度适中,较短的一个片段就能包含从种下水平到属水平的系统发育信息;Kenneth等的研究也表明了Cytb基因可以作为研究亚种和种群的生物地理分布的标记基因。国内有学者对中国大鲵进行了形态学、解剖学等方面的深入研究,并与日本大鲵进行了比较,确认了中国大鲵为有效种,但Murphy等用同工酶、ATPase6基因片段和长为306bp的Cytb基因片段对中国的6个大鲵地理种群遗传差异的研究只表明了安徽种群具有独特的遗传特征[3]。同时,Graziano等认为,较短的序列对于系统树基...     

中国大鲵肺脏的显微和超微结构

中国大鲵Andrias davidianus Blanchard,1871属于两栖纲有尾目隐鳃鲵科,是地球现存个体最大的两栖动物。大鲵在我国分布广泛（侯进慧等,2004）,是由水生脊椎动物向陆生脊椎动物过渡的类群,因此是研究动物进化的好材料。目前,有关大鲵内脏器官的组织形态学及结构方面的研究已有一些报道（霍军,程会昌,2003;方展强,2006）,本文报道对其肺脏超微结构的研究。     

中国大鲵促甲状腺激素受体的克隆及序列分析

本实验以大鲵脑组织为材料,通过RT-PCR和RACE方法成功获得了中国大鲵Andrias davidianus促甲状腺激素受体(TSHR)cDNA全长序列。该序列编码585个氨基酸,具有典型的G蛋白偶联受体家族的特点,有4个N-糖基化位点,7个跨膜α螺旋。同源分析显示,大鲵TSHR与热带爪蟾、变色龙、人的TSHR同源性分别为70%、70%和67%。同时大鲵与其它脊椎动物TSHR在结构上存在一些差异,如缺乏前导序列、胞外部分序列缩短、没有富含亮氨酸的重复单位(LRRs)等,大鲵TSHR结构上的这些差异是否与其不同的生理功能相关有待进一步研究。利用邻接法对部分脊椎动物TSHR氨基酸序列构建分子系统树,结果显示有尾目大鲵为两栖动物中较早分化的一支,表明其进化地位较原始。RT-PCR组织分布分析发现,TSHR基因在大鲵的甲状腺外组织也有表达,其中性腺组织表达量最高,这可能暗示TSHR与大鲵的生殖调节有关。     

大鲵补体C1q及其补体信号通路相关基因的生物信息学分析

[目的]对大鲵补体C1q及其补体信号通路相关基因进行生物信息学分析。[方法]利用BLAST软件从大鲵肝脏转录组中筛选获得其补体C1q cDNA全长,并进行了序列比对、系统进化树及3-D结构分析。对大鲵补体信号通路相关基因进行搜索并构建信号传导通路。[结果]大鲵补体C1q cDNA全长为990 bp,编码246个氨基酸。大鲵补体C1q与其他物种C1q的序列相似性为32.9%~73.4%。一系列补体系统相关基因在大鲵中被发现,包括补体C1r、C1s、C2、C3、C4、C7、C8、C9以及补体调节蛋白等。[结论]获得了大鲵补体C1q cDNA序列及其信号传导通路基因(C1r、C1s、C2、C3、C4、C7、C8、C9)及调节蛋白,为深入研究两栖类乃至低等脊椎动物的补体系统功能奠定了基础。     

《两栖纲》教学参考资料

两栖纲动物在脊椎动物进化过程中占有重要的地位。它是脊椎动物由水生到陆生发展进程中的一种过渡类型。现在全世界两栖动物约为2000余种,我国已发现的有204种或亚种。课本中介绍了有尾目的大鲵、无尾目的中华大蟾蜍和青蛙。我国的青蛙就是一种——黑斑蛙。青蛙是这种蛙的俗名,其学名是Rana nigro     

中国大鲵及鳖不同组织LDH同工酶的比较研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺薄层垂直板状凝胶电泳、特异性的组织化学染色及光密度薄层扫描研究的心、肝、肾、眼球、小肠、胸肌、脾脏、卵巢、胰腺、胃肌、血浆等12种组织的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶的酶谱。并与爬行类动物鳖不同组织的LDH同工酶作了比较。结果表明中国大鲵的胸肌、肝脏、肾脏具有LDH~(100)、LDH~(60)、LDH~(50)3种同工酶;胃肌有LDH~(100)、LDH~(70)、LDH~(60)同工酶,其它组织只有LDH~(100)、LDH~(60)2种。故按组织特异性区分,大鲵组织的LDH同工酶具有3种谱型,它们的含量及相对活力也有很大的差异。鳖的LDH同工酶迁移率比大鲵的低,是一组阴极性同工酶,其等电点比大鲵的高,但其LDH同工酶与中国大鲵的有很大的差异,且两种动物都具有LDH~(50)。     

大鲵生殖系统发育研究

大鲵是我国特有的大型有尾两栖类,是国家二类保护动物,在医药、食用和观赏等方面都有一定的价值。笔者通过41尾幼体,29尾成体的浸液标本的解剖,观察了大鲵生殖系统的发育变化,大鲵的幼体外鳃萎缩后,性分化基本分明。体长在260毫米以上的个体,性腺发育基本成熟,参与繁殖。     

江西省中国瘰螈分布的新记录

江西地区已有两栖动物计2目8科38种(Zhu,1994),其中有尾类已有记录为3种:大鲵(Andriasdavidianus)、东方蝾螈(Cynops orientalis)和肥螈(Paehytriton brevipes)。最近笔者在江西永新县深远山自然保护区陆生脊椎动物调查中,发现了蝾螈科(Salamandridae)瘰螈属(Paramesotrlton)一种有尾类动物,为江西省分布的新记录。现报道如下,作为该物种地理分布的资料参考。1采集时间和地点中国瘰螈[Paramesotriton chinensis(Gary,1895)]标本由宋玉赞采集于2006年5月17日江西省永新县深远山自然保护区船坪附近小溪,海拔352—576m,地理坐标为26°45.1…     

野生大鲵及其人工繁殖后代的遗传多样性分析

中国大鲵（Andrias davidianus）,俗称“娃娃鱼”,隶属两栖纲Amphibia、有尾目Caudata、隐鳃鲵科Cryptobranchidae、大鲵属Andrias“。大鲵是我国特有的珍稀野生动物,是现存的两栖动物中最大的一种。近几十年来,随着人口的膨胀及人类开发自然资源强度的增强,大鲵赖以生存的环境受到严重破坏,种群数量减少,种群内年龄结构趋向小型化。特别是由于大鲵有很高的经济价值,人为的捕杀导致了它的天然资源严重衰竭。随着大鲵人工繁殖及规模化繁育技术的成功,我国大鲵人工繁殖种群的数量在逐年增长,开展大鲵保护遗传学的研究,对大鲵的人工增殖和种质资源管理有重要的意义。     

深山中的隐士——白颈长尾雉

正白颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus ellioti),俗称横纹背鸡,由于它喜欢在地面活动,故又名地鸡,为鸡形目(Galliformes)雉科(Phasianidae)的鸟类[1],为中国特有种[2]。白颈长尾雉为国家I级重点保护野生动物;在《世界自然保护联盟红色名录(IUCN)》中被列为近危(NT)物种;在《中国脊椎动物红色名录》中被列为易危(VU)物种,在《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》中被列为附录I的物种。白颈长尾雉主要分布于我国湖南、安徽南部、江西、浙江、福建、广东和广西等地的低山丘陵地区的阔叶林、混交林、针叶林、竹林和林缘灌丛地带。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various