应用小故事培养和调动学生学习生物学的积极性

我校初二有8个班级，每当学习“动物学”新的章节，在课前均增设了联系该章节内容由学生自编自讲的3min小故事的内容，试行两个学期以来，参与人数达200多人，演讲人次超过200，完成小故事稿件80多份。这一做法大大激发了学生学习兴趣，受到学生普遍欢迎。1具体做法（1）以教学班为单位，每班按小队依次轮流，每次讲叙3min左右。（2）每小队指派一名或几名同学准备材料，派一名代表上台演讲，由小队长负责落实，课代表负责检查督促。（3）素材选自《十万个为什么》、《百科全书》、《儿童彩色动物词典》、《奇妙世界博览》等各种科普书籍，…     

日本科学家在山羊体内制成猴子细胞

日本科学家日前成功地在山羊体内“种出”了猴子细胞，这向利用家畜作为“器官生产工厂”迈进了一步。 据日本《读卖新闻》网站5月13日报道，日本自治医科大学教授花园丰等人向母山羊腹内胎儿的数个部位注入可以分化成各种器官或组织细胞的猴子胚胎干细胞。     

彩色马铃薯种质资源的蒸食品质分析

对云南省农业科学院收集的18份四倍体彩色马铃薯和54份二倍体彩色马铃薯的蒸食品质进行评价，对彩色马铃薯的质地、变色和酶促褐变程度、香味和口感评分四个方面进行鉴定和评分。结果表明：综合质地的各项指标，二倍体彩色马铃薯比四倍体彩色马铃薯有更多的变异；不论是二倍体还是四倍体，彩色马铃薯蒸煮前后都极少发生变色和酶促褐变的现象；二倍体彩色马铃薯以“淡”的香味为主（57.41%），而四倍体彩色马铃薯以“稍有”香味为主（44.44%）。本研究共筛选了24份综合评价较好、口感评分在7.1~8.8的彩色马铃薯资源。其中5份为四倍体彩色马铃薯G06-36-1、日本紫皮、kikko、L-5和L-7，结合农艺性状进一步筛选可作为彩色马铃薯候选新品种。其余19份为二倍体彩色马铃薯材料，可以作为二倍体育种亲本，开展二倍体彩色马铃薯新品种选育研究。     

“‘爱国者杯’探索微观世界·科技伴我成长”中小学生自主创新与实践大赛正式启动

已近深秋，冷气渐渐袭来，而《生命世界》杂志社系列学术交流活动正在如火如荼地展开。10月31日下午，《生命世界》编辑部在富盛大厦24层召开了别开生面的“编辑学术交流研讨会”，全体编辑参加了会议，林金安社长、林月惠副社长出席并指导工作。这是2007年杂志社系列学术交流活动的第四次活动。     

佛坪原名：佛爷坪

数百年前．一群流民扶老携幼，沿着著名的傥骆古道行进．到了《史记》称为“天下大阻”的秦岭山区，正如古诗描写的：“云横秦岭家何在，雪拥蓝关马不前”，流民们不再跋涉，就在高山盆地里伐木架椽，渐次筑屋，垦山生栖。有人一镢头挖下去，不料却挖出两尊石佛像。那个时候，人皆信佛，认为山野出佛是大吉之兆．或许是佛爷在作无言的点化．所以将住地称为“佛爷坪”。     

《柳叶刀》：新型“四合一”艾滋病药物可简化服药过程

近日。美国研究人员开发出了将四种已有药物合为一体的“四合一”医治艾滋病药物。临床试验显示它不仅有效，并且每天服用一次即可。大大方便了患者。这一成果发表在英国医学刊物《柳叶刀》（The Lancet）上。     

《什么是“卵磷脂”》

《什么是“卵磷脂”》最早发现卵磷脂是在１８４４年，法国学者葛布利（Ｇｏｂｌｅｙ）从蛋黄中分离出来，故而得名。现代科学家认为，卵磷脂（Ｌｅｃｉｔｈｉｎ）是以下四种磷脂的混合体：１．磷脂酰胆碱（Ｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔｉｄｙｌ－ｃｏｌｉｎｅ，ＰＣ）；２．磷脂酰乙...     

趣话植物之从一到万

提起数字，哪怕是刚上学的孩子都能够立刻数出：一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十、百、千、万……数字实在与人们的生活密切相关。《黄帝内经·素问·三部九侯论》就记载：“天地之数始于一，而终于九。”还有北宋哲学家邵雍曾作《蒙学诗》：“一去二三里，烟村四五家，楼台六七座，八九十枝花。”全诗仅二十个字，     

刘曾复先生——一位童心未泯的长者

曾复先生93岁了，然而童心未泯。孟子说：“大人者，不失其赤子之心者也。”赤子之心就是童心。朱子注解说：“大人之心，通达万变；赤子之心，则纯一无伪而已。然大人之所以为大人，正以其不为物诱，而有以全其纯一无伪之本然，是以扩而大之，则无所不知，无所不能，而极其大也。”（《孟子》离娄下）。     

扬子鳄野生种群衰落探析

扬子鳄（Alligatorsinensis）属爬行纲、鳄目、鼍科、鼍属,是我国特有的珍稀物种。据张孟闻等考证,周秦时期扬子鳄数量相当可观,甚至到了“易而贱之”的地步。宗仁亲时苏颂的《图经本草》记载,扬子鳄“今江湖极多”。明嘉庆年间成书的《国宪家酞》记载：明初南京长江江岸生     

影响平均住院日的主要因素分析与对策

平均住院日是评价医院效率、医疗质量、管理水平的综合性指标之一。通过对医院近3年来平均住院日等相关核心医疗指标的分析,找出影响医院平均住院日的主要因素,深入研究并提出对策,以便采取科学合理的措施,在确保医疗质量和医疗安全的同时,有效缩短平均住院日,降低患者医疗费用,提高医院的社会效益和经济效益。     

主编寄语：在不断改革中与时俱进——写在《生物化学与生物物理进展》创刊40周年

正《生物化学与生物物理进展》(以下简称《进展》)由中国科学院生物物理研究所创办于1974年(后与中国生物物理学会合办),迄今已届40周年.《进展》在"文革"尚未结束的特殊艰难时期诞生,随后与我国的社会变革和科学技术进步同行,在不断改革中发展,已经成为一份具备现代科技期刊的基本要素,被我国生物学界广为认知,并具有一定国际影响力的知名学术期刊.《进展》作为发表与记录科研成果的载体和传播科技知识的媒介,从创刊至今,刊物容量增加了近10倍,发表了来自全国近500多个单位的6381篇论     

辽东栎芽库统计:芽的命运

植物体是一个构件集合体,植物的枝系伸展可由芽库出生率、死亡率的统计学过程来分析。在东灵山地区,应用随机枝取样法调查了辽东栎芽的命运,并对其与枝长、叶数、果数等的关系进行了统计分析。结果表明：（1）辽东栎的芽或保持休眠状态,或死亡后脱落,或分化为营养枝、生殖枝（包括雄花枝、雄花序、雌花枝和两花枝）等;（2）不同生境中芽的命运不同,生活在林窗中的幼树上的芽分化为具有生殖功能的枝条的比例显著高于郁闭林中的幼树,而与成熟个体接近;（3）芽的命运还受其它因子的影响,如上层枝条上、或叶数多的长枝上的芽分化为生殖枝的可能性大于其它的芽,另外还发现结实枝的枝长、枝上叶数都明显高于非结实枝。     

A personal retrospective on the second half of the 20th century

During the Second World War scientists and engineers were involved as never before in all technical phases of the war effort. It included intelligence, logistics and large scale automated computation. Much of this required team work which led to the adoption of interdisciplinary perspectives and found expression after the war in new fields of enquiry such as cybernetics, biophysics and artificial intelligence.     

Length weight relationships of five marine fishes from the Bay of Bengal

Length weight relationships (LWR) of five marine fishes were estimated from the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. Fish samples were collected occasionally from fisher's catch with gill net (mesh size: 3 cm) during November 2019 to October 2020. Fishing was done overnight. Total length (0.1 cm) and body weight (0.01 g) of each individual were measured. We recorded maximum total length for P. maculatus (55.0 cm) and P. parmatus (39.0 cm).     

Influence of day length,ambient temperature,and seasonality on daily travel distance in the Yunnan snub‐nosed monkey at Jinsichang,Yunnan, China

This article examines the effect of ambient temperature, day length, weather conditions, and seasonality on daily path length (DPL) of a free‐ranging group of Yunnan snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) using an auto‐released GPS collar. Data were collected from December 17, 2003 to October 22, 2004 at Laojunshan in northwestern Yunnan province, China. The average DPL of the monkey group was 909±472 m (n=291), with the shortest distance being 180 m and the longest distance 3,626 m. Ambient temperature and day length were found to affect DPL. Both factors were positively correlated with DPL, which means that the monkey group traveled greater distances on longer and warmer days. At the study site, three distinct seasons were identified, and DPL did not vary significantly across these periods. The time of sunrise was not correlated with DPL. Nevertheless, we sometimes observed the group starting its daily trip later on cloudy days than on sunny days. Furthermore, weather conditions (e.g. rainy, cloudy, and sunny) did not influence the average DPL of the study group. Overall we found that the primary factors affecting DPL in R. bieti were day length and ambient temperature, especially daily highest temperature. Am. J. Primatol. 71:233–241, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Seasonal forcing on the dynamics ofClethrionomys rufocanus: Modeling geographic gradients in population dynamics

We interpret gradients in population dynamics of the gray-sided vole from the southwestern part of the island of Hokkaido to its northeastern part within the framework of a phenomenological model involving the relative length of summer and winter. In Hokkaido, as in other northern regions, both spring and fall is considered as short transition periods between the two main seasons — summer (the primary breeding season) and winter (the non-reproductive or secondary breeding season). We show that the geographic transition in dynamics may be understood as the combined consequence of different patterns of density-dependence during summer and winter, and geographically varying season lengths. Differences are shown to exist between summer and winter with respect to strength of density-dependence. Direct density-dependence, in particular, is stronger during winter than during summer. A model is presented to show how relative lengths of seasons can induce both stable and periodically fluctuating population dynamics. The results are compared and contrasted with what is otherwise known about the gradient in rodent dynamics in Fennoscandia.     

Responses of root length/leaf area ratio and specific root length of an understory herb, Pteridophyllum racemosum, to increases in irradiance

The understory evergreen perennial Pteridophyllum racemosum Sieb. et Zucc. (Papaveraceae) has the ability to increase root mass per unit transpiring leaf area (RMA) if irradiance increases gradually over several years. In this study, we examined how P. racemosum changes its root length/leaf area ratio and specific root length when the species encounters abrupt increases in irradiance, such as sudden and unexpected canopy openings. Plants were transplanted from a low light condition in a subalpine wave-regenerating forest (photon flux density on the forest floor relative to the full sun (RPFD) was 2.7%) to a high light condition in a glasshouse (30% RPFD) (LH treatment). Transplantation from the low light condition in the forest to a low light condition in the glasshouse (LL) and transplantation from a high light condition in the forest (33% RPFD) to a high light condition in the glasshouse (HH) were also conducted as controls. Compared to the LL plants, the LH plants exhibited significant increases in RMA and root length/leaf area ratio from 30 to 70 days after transplantation. On the other hand, the effect of increased irradiance on specific root length (SRL) was weak, and both the LL and LH plants showed increased SRL from 30 to 70 days after transplantation. Increased SRL results from longer root length per unit construction cost. We concluded that increased root length/leaf area ratio of P. racemosum in response to abrupt increases in irradiance was caused by a combination of enhanced carbon allocation to roots with increased SRL.