菜籽饼粕粗蛋白降解菌的筛选、初步鉴定与发酵条件摸索

在接种了诱变菌株A的未灭菌的菜籽饼粕发酵样品中筛选得到3株能以菜籽饼粕为原料生长的菌株,编号为S1、 S2、S3,3株菌种通过鉴定确定为圆孢芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌和球形芽孢杆菌。通过设计正交实验摸索出这3株菌种和诱变 菌株A的最佳培养条件。对饼粕固体混合菌发酵进行了初步摸索和探讨。     

高产纤维素酶芽孢杆菌的筛选、鉴定与发酵条件优化

纤维素是生产生物质能源最广泛、最廉价的原材料,筛选高活性纤维素酶菌株是纤维素能源开发利用的关键。采用刚果红-CMC平板筛选高产纤维素酶菌株;结合菌株形态、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析对菌株进行鉴定;采用正交实验筛选菌株AF1的最佳产酶发酵条件。筛选获得5株高活力的纤维素酶产生芽孢杆菌,鉴定为2株枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、3株解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。5株菌的水解圈直径与菌落直径比值均大于4.5,其中解淀粉芽孢杆菌AF1最大达到8.04,优化AF1菌株最佳固体发酵培养基为：玉米秸秆粉20 g, NaCl 0.4 g, CaCl₂ 0.2 g,麸皮32 g,吐温80 0.2 g,蛋白胨0.7 g,(NH₄)₂SO₄ 0.8 g,KH₂PO₄ 0.5 g, MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.04 g,糖蜜0.4 g,吐温20 0.4 g,水115...     

降解菜籽饼粗蛋白耐盐菌的筛选、鉴定及固体发酵的初步研究

从保存6个月含菜籽饼的堆肥样品中筛选到3株耐盐菌株A2、A4、A7,这些菌株能以菜籽饼为氮源生长,最高耐盐浓度达到10%,经分子生物学及系统发育分析,A2、A4为解淀粉芽孢杆菌,A7为栗褐芽孢杆菌,通过单一菌株固体发酵菜籽饼试验,这些细菌均对菜籽饼表现出了一定的降解能力。     

利用多菌种混合发酵降解饼粕中粗蛋白的实验研究

对凝结芽孢杆菌、圆孢芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌和球形芽孢杆菌在菜籽饼粕中混合发酵降低其大分子粗蛋白含量提高游离氨基酸含量的发酵工艺进行了研究。结果表明其最佳发酵工艺条件：4种菌种接种量比例为(1：1：3：1),含水量60％,接种量15％,发酵25d,粗蛋白降解率达41．98％,游离氨基酸含量提高10．18倍。为工业上生产菌肥提供了理论基础。     

α-葡萄糖苷酶菌株的选育及发酵条件的研究

从2株芽胞杆菌中通过筛选获得了一株产α-葡萄糖苷酶活力较高的嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌U2,以嗜热芽孢杆菌U2为菌种,优化发酵培养基后,在温度45℃、初始pH6.8、转速200r/min和10%接种量条件下,发酵20h,菌株U2产酶水平可达到2.62U/mL,比出发菌提高了4倍。     

胶质芽孢杆菌HM8841紫外线诱变育种研究

以胶质芽孢杆菌HM8841作为出发菌株,通过紫外线诱变和突变菌株性能测定,选育出3株适合生产发酵的优良菌种。与出发菌株相比,突变株具有缩短发酵周期,提高发酵水平,增强芽孢抗逆性能等特点。     

贝莱斯芽孢杆菌CC0955发酵培养基优化及其泡腾颗粒的研制

【背景】植物病害的生物防治及生防产品的开发一直是植物保护研究的重点方向,但现有的生防产品多为可湿性粉剂和水剂,存在剂型单一、货架期短及运输和使用不便等问题。【目的】优化贝莱斯芽孢杆菌CC0955菌株发酵培养基,并利用其开发出一种容易使用和保存的新生防产品——泡腾颗粒。【方法】采用Plackett-Burman设计、中心组合设计和响应面分析等方法,优化了贝莱斯芽孢杆菌CC0955的发酵培养基成分;采用L₉（3³）正交设计,以溶液pH和活菌数为指标,优化了贝莱斯芽孢杆菌CC0955泡腾颗粒配比,并评价了其物理性质和抑菌效果。【结果】贝莱斯芽孢杆菌CC0955最优发酵培养基成分为（g/L）:蛋白胨12.00,酵母粉1.00,葡萄糖15.00,MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.40,K₂HPO₄ 0.05。用此培养基发酵48h,发酵液对立枯丝核菌的抑制率达到89.78%。泡腾颗粒最佳配比为:碱酸摩尔比为2.00,白炭黑1.50 g,黄腐酸钾0.03 g。泡腾颗粒的平均崩解...     

一株地衣芽孢杆菌碱性蛋白酶的研究I.

从皖北盐碱地土样中分离到 0 1 1菌株 ,对其进行了菌种鉴定以及胞外碱性蛋白酶的初步研究。结果表明 :0 1 1菌株符合地衣芽孢杆菌种的特征 ,但该菌芽孢端生、孢囊膨大、中度耐盐、高度耐碱 ,可在NaCl浓度为 1 3%和pH1 1的培养基中生长 ,这些特征又不同于该种几个模式株 ,因而将 0 1 1菌株鉴定为地衣芽孢杆菌的一个亚种 ,命名为地衣芽孢杆菌砀山亚种(Bacilluslicheniformissubsp .dangshanensis)。该菌在发酵培养基中能产生较高产量的胞外碱性蛋白酶 ( 72 5u/mL)。酶的最适作用条件 :60℃、pH9.0 ,该酶在pH6.0～ 1 1范围内稳定     

一株地衣芽孢杆菌碱性蛋白酶的研究I.

从皖北盐碱地土样中分离到 011菌株 ,对其进行了菌种鉴定以及胞外碱性蛋白酶的初步研究。结果表明 :011菌株符合地衣芽孢杆菌种的特征 ,但该菌芽孢端生、孢囊膨大、中度耐盐、高度耐碱 ,可在NaCl浓度为 13%和pH11的培养基中生长 ,这些特征又不同于该种几个模式株 ,因而将 011菌株鉴定为地衣芽孢杆菌的一个亚种 ,命名为地衣芽孢杆菌砀山亚种(Bacilluslicheniformissubsp .dangshanensis)。该菌在发酵培养基中能产生较高产量的胞外碱性蛋白酶 ( 72     

一株地衣芽孢杆菌碱性蛋白酶的研究Ⅰ.

从皖北盐碱地土术中分离到011菌株,对其进行了菌种鉴定以及胞外碱性蛋白酶的初步研究。结果表明：011菌株符合地衣芽孢杆菌种的特征,但该菌芽孢端生、孢囊膨大、中度耐盐、高度耐碱,可在NaCl浓度为13％和pH11的培养基中生长,这些特征又不同于该种几个模式株,因而将011菌株鉴定为地衣芽孢杆菌的一个亚种,命名为地衣芽孢杆菌砀山亚种（Bacillus licheniformis subsp.dangshanensis）。该菌在发酵培养基中能产生较高产量的胞外碱性蛋白酶（725u/mL）。酶的最适作用条件：60℃、pH9.0,该酶在pH6.0-11范围内稳定。     

菜籽蛋白酶解液制备N-酰化肽的研究(Ⅱ)——蛋白水解率对N-酰化肽性能的影响

用不同水解率的水解液合成了N 酰化肽 ,对比了它们的表面活性 ,由碱性蛋白酶水解菜籽蛋白 ,当水解率为 30 .6%时 ,所合成的N 酰化肽性能比水解率为 1 5.7%、2 0 .3%时要好 ,用SephadexG 1 5分析了水解液中肽分子量的分布情况 ,发现较佳水解率的水解液中 80 %的肽分子量小于 1 50 0Da。     

Lipase production and Penicillium simplicissimum morphology in solid-state and submerged fermentations

A comparative study of Penicillium simplicissimum morphology and lipase production was performed using solid-state (SSF) and submerged (SmF) fermentation. SSF was carried out on babassu cake as culture medium and SmF on a semi-synthetic medium and a medium based on suspended babassu cake grains. Yield of product on biomass, specific activity and conidia production were 3.3-, 1.3- and 2-fold higher in SSF. In SmF, the type of fungus growth differed according to the medium. Using the semi-synthetic medium, the fungus formed densely interwoven mycelial masses without conidia production, whereas using the babassu-based medium the fungus formed free mycelia and adhered to the surfaces of the grains, producing conidia. The results show that babassu cake induces conidiation in SmF. In SSF, the fungus not only grew on the surface of the grains, producing conidia abundantly, but also effectively colonized and penetrated the babassu particles. The high conidia production and lipase productivity in SSF may be related to the low availability of nutrients or to other stimuli associated with this type of fermentation. Thus, the high production of the thermostable P. simplicissimum lipase, using a non-supplemented, low-cost agro-industrial residue as the culture medium, demonstrates the biotechnological potential of SSF for the production of industrial enzymes.     

Honey-bee-mediated Infection of Pollen Beetle (Meligethes aeneus Fab.) by the Insect-pathogenic Fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae

Pollen beetles (Meligethes aeneus) are pests that feed and oviposit in the buds and flowers of oilseed rape. Honey-bees foraging from a hive fitted with an inoculum dispenser at the entrance effectively delivered dry conidia of the entomogenous fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae , to the flowers of oilseed rape in caged field plots. In both winter- and spring-sown rape experiments, a greater mortality of pollen beetles occurred in treated plots than in control plots. The mortality (61% on winter rape, 100% on spring rape) was greatest during peak flowering, when the feeding activity of both bees and beetles from the flowers was maximal, providing optimal conditions for inoculum dissemination and infection. Conidial sporulation occurred on a significant proportion of the dead pollen beetles. There was no evidence of any adverse effect on the honey-bee colonies.     

Isolates of Phytophthora cryptogea Pathogenic to Wheat and Some Other Crop Plants

Abstract A fungus of the genus Phytophthora , frequently isolated from diseased spinach roots and also from field-grown wheat plants in an area in the south of Sweden, was identified as P. cryptogea on the basis of morphology, growth characters and cardinal temperatures. Mycelium or zoospores applied as inoculum in a series of pathogenicity tests induced symptoms in spinach, sugarbeet, wheat, cucumber, oil-seed rape, pea and oats. These ranged from death of all (spinach) or some inoculated plants (sugarbeet and wheat), to only slight root symptoms (oats). Successful re-isolations from all plants tested, confirmed infectivity in all cases. This is the first report of the occurrence of P. cryptogea in Sweden and, as far as we know, of pathogenicity of this fungus to wheat, oil-seed rape and oats.     

Honey bees can disseminate a microbial control agent to more than one inflorescence pest of oilseed rape

Pollen beetles (Meligethes aeneus) and cabbage seed weevils (Ceutorhynchus assimilis) are major pests of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) throughout Europe. In field cage experiments in both winter and spring rape, honey bees (Apis mellifera) effectively transported the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae to the flowers, causing infection and mortality of both adult and larval pollen beetles, as well as of adult seed weevils. External conidiation was observed on many of the dead pest insects. Although some external conidiation also occurred on dead honey bees, reduction in honey bee colony size during the experiments appeared unrelated to the fungus. The potential of this technique for integration into pest management strategies for the crop, particularly in association with a trap crop, is discussed.     

Influence of physical treatment of rape expeller,wheat, maize and maize gluten feed on degradability in the rumen and on the enzymatic in vitro digestibility of non degraded crude protein

The influence of physical treatment‐expansion and flaking‐on crude proteins degradability in the rumen was studied in maize, maize‐gluten feed, rape extracted meal and in the expanded one at 120°C and 150°C, rape cake, wheat and flaked wheat by in sacco method. The enzymatic digestibility of crude protein in the rumen undegraded residues of the above mentioned feeds was determined by an enzymatically in vitro method.

The treatment of feed decreased significantly the original solubility and theoretical degradability of crude proteins, and the amount of undegraded crude proteins was increased. Positive influence on the amount of enzymatically digested crude protein was determined in rape expanded at 120 °C and 150 °C (60, 61 and/or 68%). Flaking of wheat had a similar effect. Enzymatic digestibility at undegraded rests where increased by 8–10% after the heat treatment and it remained almost unchanged in expanded maize‐gluten feed.     

Effects of rapeseed‐press cake glucosinolates and iodine on the performance,the thyroid gland and the liver vitamin a status of pigs

Rapeseed press cake (per kg DM 181 g EE, 341 g CP and 23.3 mmol glucosinolates) was tested in a long‐term experiment with a total of sixty pigs (live weight range 24 to 104 kg). The 3×2 factorial design consisted of three rapeseed press cake levels (no rapeseed press cake ‐ control, 75g or 150g rapeseed press cake per kg diet) each with two iodine dosages (125 or 250 μg supplementary iodine per kg diet). Reduced feed intake and depressed weight gain were found in groups receiving 150 g rapeseed press cake per kg diet, which correspond to 3.2mmol glucosinolates per kg diet. At an inclusion level of 75 g rapeseed‐press cake per kg diet no differences in feed intake and growth intensity were recorded in comparison to the rape feed free control. The rapeseed‐press cake diet increased the weight of thyroid gland and liver and decreased the serum thyroxine (T₄) concentration. Higher iodine dosage increased the serum T₄ concentration of pigs receiving 75 g rapeseed press cake per kg diet ( = 1.6 mmol glucosinolates per kg diet) to the level of the control group and retarded the enlargement of the thyroid gland. Intake of rapeseed products lowered the iodine content of the thyroid gland, however, there was no significant difference between groups given 1.6 and 3.2 mmol glucosinolates per kg diet. The vitamin A content of the whole liver and the vitamin A serum concentration were not influenced by the diets tested. However, rapeseed press cake and the glucosinolates, respectively, decreased the vitamin A concentration per gram liver due to the organ enlargement and the resulting dilution effect.     

基于高通量测序分析大豆和油菜根际微生物群落结构的差异

根肿病是由芸薹根肿菌侵染引起的专性寄生性土传病害,严重制约着油菜等十字花科作物的可持续生产.前期研究发现,大豆作为前茬作物可以显著降低后茬油菜根肿病的发生和危害,"豆-油轮作"模式是一种值得探索和应用的根肿病防治新途径.为了解开大豆作为前茬防治根肿病发生的机理,本研究基于扩增子测序技术探究大豆与油菜根际土壤微生物的群落结构差异.结果表明:大豆和油菜根际土壤微生物类群在门水平的优势类群相同,包括变形菌门、拟杆菌门、酸杆菌门、放线菌门、子囊菌门、接合菌门、担子菌门和壶菌门等丰度都较高.但相比于油菜根际土壤,大豆根际土壤富含具有生防作用和促进植物生长的微生物,如黄杆菌属、鞘脂单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属、链霉菌属、假单胞菌属、木霉属和盾壳霉属等;而一些植物病原细菌(如肠杆菌、黄单胞菌)和真菌(炭疽菌和尾孢菌)含量则低于油菜根际土壤;另外,大豆根际土壤中还富含具有固氮功能的根瘤菌属、慢生根瘤菌属和丛枝菌根真菌(如球囊霉属).可见,大豆根际土壤利于有益微生物生长并可抑制病原菌繁殖.大豆和油菜根际微生物组差异为大豆-油菜轮作防治根肿病提供了理论依据,并为根肿病的防治提供了一些潜在的生物防治资源.     

Rock phosphate solubilization by Aspergillus niger on olive cake-based medium and its further application in a soil–plant system

A citric acid-producing strain of Aspergillus niger, grown on olive cake-based medium, was able to solubilize rock phosphate. Solubilization of insoluble phosphate increased during the solid-state fermentation process, reaching a maximum of 164μg/ml. Various combinations of olive cake and rock phosphate, previously treated or untreated by the fungus, were introduced into a calcareous, phosphorus (P)-deficient soil to improve the growth of Trifolium repens in a greenhouse experiment. Synergistic action of both the filamentous and arbuscular fungi caused considerable improvement of growth and plant P uptake. Greater growth and P uptake of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants were achieved when microbe-treated olive cake and rock phosphate were applied to soil compared with all other treatments.