驱虫斑鸠菊对B-16黑素瘤细胞酪氨酸酶活性及黑素生成影响

目的 :探讨驱虫斑鸠菊体外对酪氨酸酶活性影响 ,以及对小鼠B - 16黑素瘤细胞株细胞增殖、黑素合成以及细胞内酪氨酸酶的作用。方法 :利用四甲基偶氮唑蓝 (MTT)比色法测定药物对细胞增殖的影响 ;采用酶学方法研究药物对酪氨酸酶活性的影响 ;470nm比色法测定黑素含量。结果驱虫斑鸠菊体外可激活酪氨酸酶活性 ,增强B - 16鼠黑素瘤细胞增殖 ,提高酪氨酸酶和黑色素合成能力 ;对整体动物黑素细胞具有促进合成和分泌作用。结论在白癜风的治疗中 ,驱虫斑鸠菊可增强酪氨酸酶活性 ,进而促进黑素合成     

冬虫夏草提取物的美白作用

以冬虫夏草提取物(Chinese cordyceps extract)为研究对象,通过蘑菇酪氨酸酶活性抑制试验和小鼠皮肤黑色素瘤细胞(B16-F10)黑素合成抑制试验考察冬虫夏草提取物的美白活性。结果显示冬虫夏草提取物(质量浓度40～200 mg/m L)呈剂量依赖性抑制蘑菇酪氨酸酶的活性,且在安全剂量(质量浓度0.1～0.5 mg/m L)下显著抑制小鼠皮肤黑色素瘤细胞(B16-F10)内的黑色素合成(P0.05)。说明冬虫夏草提取物能通过抑制酪氨酸酶活性有效阻滞黑色素的合成,从而实现美白作用。     

松茸多糖TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ的美白活性及途径研究

本文初步研究了松茸多糖TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ的美白作用机理。采用酪氨酸酶抑制实验、细胞水平黑色素测定实验来综合评价TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ的美白功效;选定MITF、POMC和TYR三个靶基因作为研究对象,通过实时定量PCR实验,进一步阐明TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ的美白作用靶点。结果显示,TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ对酪氨酸酶具有一定的抑制作用,125μg/m L时酪氨酸酶抑制率为56.5%;不同浓度(3、30、300μg/m L)的TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ样品能成剂量依赖的方式抑制B16细胞内黑色素水平,当浓度为300μg/m L时,TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ样品能够减少黑色素的含量,且优于熊果苷;TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ对MITF、POMC、TYR的表达水平均起下调作用,从而影响了黑素的形成。结果表明,TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ样品具有一定的美白功效。TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ样品对酪氨酸酶生成的重要基因和主要影响因子的基因水平的表达起到抑制作用,从而减少酪氨酸酶的量。     

两种天然产物对B16F10细胞增殖及黑色素合成抑制机理研究

旨在研究10-羟基喜树碱(10-hydroxycamptothecin,HCPT)和白藜芦醇(Resveratrol,Res)对体外培养的小鼠恶性黑色素瘤B16F10细胞的增殖及黑色素合成抑制机理。利用MTT法、显微观察、L-Dopa氧化法、Na OH裂解法分析不同浓度HCPT和Res对细胞增殖、细胞形态、酪氨酸酶活性及黑色素合成含量的影响。荧光半定量PCR方法(Semi-RT-PCR)分析该化合物对黑色素合成关键因子酪氨酸酶(TYR)和小眼相关转录因子(MITF)基因表达的影响。结果表明HCPT(40、80、120、160和200μmol/L)和Res(80、120、160和200μmol/L)能够通过诱导细胞凋亡抑制B16F10细胞的增殖,同时对酪氨酸酶活性和细胞黑色素生成具有明显抑制作用(P0.05),且呈现浓度依赖性。另外,不同浓度的HCPT以及高浓度Res(120和160μmol/L)能够显著下调B16F10细胞TYR和MITF基因的mRNA水平。HCPT和Res可能通过诱导细胞凋亡抑制B16F10细胞的增殖,同时通过下调MITF基因转录,抑制TYR m RNA的表达及TYR酶活性,进而抑制细胞黑色素的生成。     

温莪术药渣再提取工艺及其美白活性研究CSCD

以活性成分总姜黄素得率为指标,响应面法优化温莪术药渣的最佳提取工艺,采用DPPH法和ABTS法评价温莪术药渣提取物的抗氧化活性,并考察其对小鼠黑色素瘤B16细胞存活率、黑色素合成及其细胞内酪氨酸酶活性的影响。实验结果表明,温莪术药渣提取物的最佳工艺条件为乙醇浓度82%,超声时间55 min,液料比22 mL/g,总姜黄素平均提取得率为6.38 mg/g;此外,温莪术药渣提取物对DPPH、ABTS自由基具有一定的清除作用,IC_(50)值分别为24.99、49.72μg/mL;并且能有效抑制B16细胞黑色素合成及酪氨酸酶活性,与正常组相比均具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。本研究为温莪术提油后药渣二次开发利用提供了依据。     

一株罗布泊盐湖链霉菌的鉴定及其代谢产物对酪氨酸酶活性、黑色素生成的抑制效应CSCD

本研究采用多相分类法对一株分离自新疆罗布泊盐湖链霉菌89-2-2进行鉴定,通过CCK-8法、L-多巴氧化法和NaOH溶解法检测该菌株乙酸乙酯提取物对小鼠黑色素瘤B16细胞增殖、细胞内酪氨酸酶活性及黑色素含量的影响。以抑制酪氨酸酶活性为指标,应用LC-MS代谢组学方法检测链霉菌89-2-2发酵条件优化前后所产生的差异代谢物,分析可能具有抑制活性的代谢产物类型。结果初步鉴定该菌株为西唐氏链霉菌(Streptomyces setonii)89-2-2。S.setonii 89-2-2乙酸乙酯提取物在100~1000μg/mL浓度范围内几乎无细胞毒性,但能有效抑制B16细胞内酪氨酸酶活性和黑色素生成,与空白组相比均具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。代谢组学实验的结果显示S.setonii 89-2-2产生的差异代谢物主要为维生素类化合物、芳香类化合物和羧酸类化合物。本研究为从新疆罗布泊链霉菌中开发酪氨酸酶抑制剂和黑色素合成抑制剂提供重要的科学依据。     

三氯化铁比色法测定曲酸含量方法的改进

曲酸(Ｋｏｊｉｃａｃｉｄ)又名5-羟基-2-羟甲基-4-吡喃酮,1907年斋滕在蒸米发酵物中发现曲酸,1924年,薮田测定了曲酸的结构[1]。曲酸在食品中可作为防腐剂、保鲜剂、护色剂,由于其特殊的性质和结构能抑制熏肉中亚硝酸钠转化为致癌的亚硝胺;曲酸具有抑制黑色素生成酶-酪氨酸酶活性的功能,有显著的增白作用,现已在美白化妆品、浴剂及牙膏等日化工业中应用[2];它还可作为香料合成的中间体,故此国内外近来对曲酸开展了广泛研究。目前,发酵法生产曲酸的方法有:表面静态培养法、通风发酵法、半连续微孔薄膜表面液态培养技术、固定化细胞技术等[3]…     

太子参粗提物抗氧化性及护肤功效分析

比较三种不同萃取方式对太子参Pseudostellaria heterophylla粗提物抗氧化、美白、保湿等方面的影响。结果显示,在ABTS和DPPH自由基及细胞内活性氧(ROS)抑制率分析中,以水萃方式所得粗提物的抑制效果最佳,优于醇萃取及超临界流体萃取。在美白功效方面,B16细胞黑色素含量抑制率以醇萃物最佳,酪氨酸酶活性抑制率则以水萃物最佳。进一步萃取太子参粗多糖体分析其保湿及吸湿效果,结果显示太子参粗多糖体具有良好的保湿及吸湿功效,其效果与透明质酸相近,应用于皮肤水分散失率评估,也具有显著的预防功效。     

发酵液中曲酸的提取方法比较

190 7年斋滕在蒸米发酵物中发现曲酸(Ｋｏｊｉｃａｃｉｄ)。 1 92 4年 ,薮田测定了曲酸的结构[1,2 ] ,化学名称为 5 -羟基——— 2 -羟甲基- 1 ,4吡喃酮 ,相对分子质量 1 42 .1。曲酸具有抑菌能力、抗氧化性、与金属离子螯合作用等性质 ,因此在食品中可作为防腐剂、保鲜剂、护色剂 ;曲酸具有抑制黑色素生成酶———酪氨酸酶活性的功能 ,有显著的增白作用 ,现已在美白化妆品、浴剂及牙膏等日化工业中应用[2 ,3] ;它还可作为香料合成的中间体 ,故此国内外近来对曲酸开展了广泛的研究。目前 ,采用发酵法生产曲酸的方法较多 ,对发酵液中曲酸的提…     

荧光标记糖电泳在新琼寡糖定性和定量分析中的应用

目的:建立荧光辅助糖电泳(FACE)对系列新琼寡糖进行定性、定量分析的方法。方法:将系列新琼寡糖用7-氨基-1,3-萘胺二磺酸钾(AGA)氨化还原衍生后,在浓度梯度为18%-25%的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中电泳分离,于波长264nm直接检测寡糖衍生物,得到聚合度为4-14的新琼寡糖衍生物电泳分析图谱。结果:寡糖衍生物的相对电迁移率与其分子量的负三分之二次方成线性关系;运用图像分析软件对电泳图谱进行数字化转换,发现寡糖衍生物的灰度积分面积与样品浓度呈线形关系。结论:建立了快速、精确的新琼寡糖微量定性、定量分析的方法,为新琼寡糖的质量分析提供了技术支撑。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.