古盘虫类有孔虫起源及其壳壁发育证据

古盘虫类有孔虫是维宪早期到谢尔普霍夫早期最有用的生物地层标志微体化石之一, 广泛分布于正常浅海底栖环境。古盘虫超科里的平古盘虫亚科从早维宪中期开始出现, 具有最原始的壳壁结构。它将古盘虫类与其祖先假砂盘虫类联系起来。平古盘虫亚科壳壁主要是黑色微粒状。透明放射层局限在脐部或延伸覆盖到内部壳圈的壳缘。平古盘虫从何而来? 即古盘虫类的祖先问题, 一直存在争议。本文通过研究华南马栏边剖面石磴子组连续演化的Lapparentidiscus和Viseidiscus, 证实了Lapparentidiscus是古盘虫类的祖先, 早期演化序列为 Lapparentidiscus talasicus–Viseidiscus eospirillinoides–Viseidiscus monstratus, 古盘虫类的透明放射层是以替代而非填充的形式出现的, 透明放射层逐渐替代黑色微粒层, 并从脐部逐步扩展到壳缘。     

南海西沙群岛西科1井上新世有孔虫及沉积环境研究

南海西沙群岛西科1井上新世有孔虫较发育,其中浮游有孔虫Globigerinoides spp.,Orbulina universa,Globorotalia menardii和Globorotalia sp.等较丰富;Dentoglobigerina altispira,Globigerinoides quadrilobatus和Gs.trilobus等丰度较低。底栖有孔虫以大型底栖类占绝对优势,其中Amphistegina lessonii,Amphistegina madagascariensis和A.radiata等含量较高;Calcarina hispida,Cycloclypeus pillaria,Operculina bartschi和Operculina sp.等较常见;Amphistegina sp.,Anomalinoides globulosus,Cycloclypeus carpenteri,Cycloclypeus sp.,Heterostegina(Vlerkina) sp.,Homotrema sp.,Marginopora vertebralis和Planorbulinella larvata等稀少出现。小底栖类型出现少量小粟虫类和串珠虫类。根据有孔虫丰度、分异度、浮游有孔虫与底栖有孔虫比例以及环境指示类型的丰度变化,结合珊瑚、钙藻和钙质超微等化石分布特征,对上新世沉积环境演化规律进行了研究,可分为3个演化阶段:374.95～304.25 m为礁前斜坡,303.14～288.91 m为礁顶,287.47～231.86 m为礁前斜坡。通过对结壳状有孔虫形态的分析,探讨了此类有孔虫在生物礁建造中的作用。     

深海底栖有孔虫在古海洋学研究中的应用

通过对海洋沉积物的调查分析, 探讨地质历史上海洋环流模式和海水物理化学性质的变化是古海洋学研究的重要内容之一。深海底栖有孔虫对环境变化敏感、其壳体稳定同位素和微量元素与海水性质密切相关使得它成为研究古海洋学的有力工具。但同时, 底栖有孔虫的生命效应、分布的区域性以及海水自身等因素在一定程度上制约了其应用。本文总结了底栖有孔虫在古海洋学研究中的应用以及限制因素, 以利于在具体研究中客观分析, 提高古海洋环境重建的可靠性。     

现代浮游有孔虫生态研究进展

古海洋环境是全球变化研究中的一个重要组成部分。作为表层古海洋环境信息主要载体的浮游有孔虫分布范围广泛,在海洋沉积物中大量保存,在该研究领域中具有不可替代的作用,是重建古环境的基础。对现代浮游有孔虫的生态特征进行研究,是正确理解浮游有孔虫群落及其壳体地球化学指标所蕴涵古海洋环境信息的前提。本文综述了国内外浮游有孔虫生态研究的一些主要方法及其进展,重点阐述了不同海域不同海洋环境条件下一些主要浮游有孔虫属种的区域分布、深度分布、季节性变化及其壳体同位素组成等特征。最后展望了我国南海现代浮游有孔虫生态的研究前景。     

渤海莱州湾表层沉积物中底栖有孔虫分布特征及其环境意义

对渤海莱州湾海域240个站位表层沉积物中底栖有孔虫群落进行了分析,共鉴定常见的底栖有孔虫42种。结果表明,莱州湾表层沉积物中底栖有孔虫主要以玻璃质壳为主(平均丰度达70.9%),瓷质壳含量次之,胶结壳含量最低;玻璃质壳占有孔虫全群的百分含量,随水深的增加而增加;从黄河口向外海方向,有孔虫分异度和丰度都逐渐增大。该海域底栖有孔虫平面分布的主要控制因素为盐度和底质沉积物类型,大体可分为两个组合分区,I区为Ammonia beccarii-Quinqueloculina spp.组合,代表盐度较低的近岸海陆过渡浅水环境;II区为Cribrononionsub-incertum-Protelphidium tuberculatum组合,代表盐度较高的远岸内陆架环境。     

台湾海峡西北部平潭岛海域表层沉积物中底栖有孔虫分布及其环境控制因素

对台湾海峡西北部平潭岛海域337个站位表层沉积物中底栖有孔虫进行分析鉴定,结果表明底栖有孔虫丰度、分异度变化较大,所出现的属种类型以玻璃质壳体为主,其次为瓷质壳,胶结壳最少。底栖有孔虫分布受水深、盐度、底质类型、底流和沿岸上升流等因素共同影响。应用‘PAST’软件的因子分析结果表明,该海域底栖有孔虫可划分为四个组合:组合Ⅰ(Hanzawaia-Pseudorotalia-Bolivina)主要分布于水深大于20m的深水区,受水深和底流影响明显;组合Ⅱ(Ammonia beccarii-Elphidiumspp.)主要分布于近岸浅水环境;组合Ⅲ(Quinqueloculina-Ammonia annectens-Spiroloculina)主要分布于海湾内高盐度区,推测受到沿岸上升流影响;组合Ⅳ(Elphidium advenum-Ammonia annectens)分布于组合Ⅰ与组合Ⅲ之间的局部区域,可能受浙闽沿岸流影响较强。     

北部湾中部海域底质沉积物中的有孔虫

本文对北部湾中部海域水深2.4m到61m、共计184个站位表层沉积物中的有孔虫进行研究。结果显示浮游有孔虫丰度非常低,种类也较稀少,仅在南侧水深较大的少数站位有发现,且含量不超过5%;而底栖有孔虫则较丰富,多数样品中以含有螺旋式与平旋式的玻璃质壳类型为主,暖水或大型底栖有孔虫分子常见。和其它海区相较而言,该海域底栖有孔虫中胶结壳类含量偏高,可能与沉积物底质颗粒较粗及海水盐度较低有关。该研究详细报道了底栖有孔虫主要属种在北部湾的分布特征。与海洋环境对比显示,水深和沉积物底质类型是影响这些属种平面分布的主要因素,而湾外温暖水团则是控制暖水种分子分布的另一重要因素。     

广东深圳湾和海南新村港底质中的有孔虫

广东深圳湾和海南新村港均为非正常海相的潟湖型港湾,有孔虫十分贫乏,分异度很低,经初步坚定,计18属34种,其中包括3新种及3未定种。深圳湾以胶结壳有孔虫占优势,几乎不见瓷状壳,称Haplophragmoides shenzhenensis sp.nov.-Ammonia of.beccarii(Linne)组合;新村港则以瓷状壳占优势,未见胶结型壳,建立Triloculina trigonula(Lamaark)-Peneroplis planatus(Fichtel et Moll)组合。对两地各种不同类型的有孔虫壳体作成分分析及酸溶试验,表明水体的pH值是有孔虫分布差异的控制因子。     

海南岛鹿回头珊瑚礁区全新世有孔虫

对海南岛鹿回头小东海和三亚湾珊瑚区底质中的样品进行分析研究,共获得有孔虫４０属９０种,其中包括３新种４未定种。小东海有孔虫壳一般较坚固。大有孔虫占绝对优热;三亚湾有孔虫壳体易破碎,大有孔虫相对贫乏。水动力状况及盐度差异是造成两地有孔虫不同的主要原因。磨蚀试验表明,有孔虫壳孔形态结构与环境有密切的关系。     

香港底质沉积中的有孔虫埋葬群

本文通过对香港地区水底表层中有孔虫的分析,进行了有孔虫埋葬群组合特征分析,划分了4个有孔虫组合:Ammonia beccrii组合;Poroeponides cribrorepandus组合;Pseudorotalia schroeterians-Elphidium组合;Hanzawaia nipponica-Florilus japonicus组合。这些组合与四个地理小分区有密切的关系。文中还讨论了水流对港湾有孔虫埋葬群的影响;有孔虫壳体的来源及其沉积过程,对于河口相古地理与古环境的解释有一定的地质意义。     

Benthische Foraminiferen auf dem Island-Schottland Rücken: Umwelt-Anzeiger an der Grenze zweier ozeanischer Räume

Surface sediment samples taken by box corer from 32 stations on the Iceland-Scotland Ridge have been investigated for their benthic foraminiferal content. The live (Rose Bengal stained) benthic foraminiferal fauna was differentiated from empty tests comprising the foraminiferal death assemblage. Principal component analysis of both the live and dead faunal data from the Iceland-Scotland Ridge reveals eight live species assemblages and six corresponding dead assemblages. Bottom water current conditions, surface sediment characteristics, particulate organic matter supply, and to some extent also the bottom water temperatures are the main factors limiting and governing the composition and distribution of live benthic foraminiferal species assemblages on the Iceland-Scotland Ridge. On the Atlantic slope of the Iceland-Scotland Ridge the dead species assemblages differ greatly from the foraminiferal fauna living there today due to winnowing processes and redeposition of Pleistocene sediments. In this area an investigation of distribution patterns of the empty tests only would lead to wrong results concerning ecologic interrelations between benthic foraminiferal species assemblages and their environment.     

Differences between the late eocene foraminiferal faunas in western und eastern Europe

During the Late Eocene two marine provinces existed in the epicontinental Europe: a West European province with a warm water foraminiferal fauna of Tethyan character and an East European province with a cold water fauna. The boundary between these provinces was situated in Poland. The main dispersion routes of the Late Eocene foraminiferal faunas coincide with some important tectonic features.     

Faunal turnovers in central Pacific benthic foraminifera during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum

Although it is well known that the Paleocene/Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) coincided with a major benthic foraminiferal extinction event, the detailed pattern of the faunal turnover has not yet been clarified. Our high-resolution benthic foraminiferal and carbon isotope analyses at the low latitude Pacific Ocean Shatsky Rise have revealed the following record of major faunal transitions: (1) An initial turnover which involved the benthic foraminiferal extinction event (BFE). The BFE, marked by a sharp transition from Pre-extinction fauna to Disaster fauna represented by small-sized Bolivina gracilis, expresses the onset of the PETM and the abrupt extinction of about 30% of taxa. This faunal transition lasted about 45-74 kyr after the initiation of the PETM and was followed by: (2) the appearance of Opportunistic fauna represented by Quadrimorphina profunda, which existed for about 74-91 kyr after the initiation of the PETM. These two faunas, which appeared after the extinction event, are characterized by low diversity and dwarfism, possibly due to lowered oxygen condition and decreased surface productivity. The second pronounced turnover involved the gradual recovery from Opportunistic Fauna to the establishment of Recovery fauna, which coincided with the recovery about 83-91 kyr after its initiation.     

湖北京山早三叠世有孔虫动物群的发现及其意义

本文首次报道了湖北京山地区早三叠世有孔虫动物群,计６属１５种,其中包括４新种,在对该动物群分析基础上,作者建立了Ａｕｌｏｔｏｒｔｕｓｃｈｉａｌｉｎｇｃｈｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ－Ｄｉｃｈｏｓｐｉｒａｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ组合带,通过对其古生态特征及生物相研究,揭示了该动物群的生活习性与生态环境的关系,简述了该有孔虫动物群的发现在地层划分对比及油气勘探中的意义。     

西藏南部江孜地区早白垩世甲不拉组底栖有孔虫动物群的发现

根据最新的国际年代地层表,侏罗/白垩系界线是显生宇系一级唯一没有GSSP(全球界线层型与点位)的界线。位于特提斯喜马拉雅北亚带的江孜地区,发育了连续的侏罗/白垩系界线地层,是目前国内海相侏罗/白垩纪界线生物地层学研究最具潜在竞争力的地区之一。本文在西藏南部江孜地区甲不热北沟剖面甲不拉组底部往上3.9米处及19.3米处首次发现了胶结壳底栖有孔虫动物群,共计4属11种:Ammobaculites agglutinans,Ammobaculites sp.1,Ammobaculites sp.2,Ammobaculites sp.3,Ammobaculites sp.4,Ammobaculites sp.5,Glomospira charoides,Haplophragmoides gigas minor,Haplophragmoides sp.1,Haplophragmoides sp.2,Reophax texanus。根据该动物群重要分子的地质时限推测,甲不拉组底部往上3.9米处就已经属于白垩系地层。因此甲不拉组底部胶结壳有孔虫动物群的发现支持了将甲不拉组划归白垩系的意见。     

Changhsingian (Late Permian) foraminifers from the topmost part of the Xiala Formation in the Tsochen area,central Lhasa Block,Tibet and their geological implications

A foraminiferal fauna consisting of 15 genera and 19 species is documented for the first time from the topmost part of the Xiala Formation in the Aduogabu area in Tsochen County, central Lhasa Block. This foraminiferal fauna is dominated by Colaniella, indicating a broadly Changhsingian age. The presence of Colaniella, Reichelina and absence of the typical tropical fusuline genus Palaeofusulina in the fauna indicate that the Lhasa Block has not merged into equatorial regions during the Changhsingian. More importantly, the widespread Lopingian (Late Permian) marine carbonates with warm-water faunas and the stable platform carbonate sequence through the Guadalupian and Lopingian in the Lhasa Block present an obvious contrast against the contemporaneous sequences in the South Qiangtang Block and Gondwana margin. It suggests that both the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean and the Neotethys Ocean would have opened by the Guadalupian and Lopingian.     

川西,藏东晚三叠世有孔虫及海参骨片

金沙江上游两岸为川西、藏东地区。此区的四川省白玉县、西藏贡觉县及江达县的晚三叠世诺利期沉积中发现了有孔虫１８属２１种,海参骨片５属８种。三叠纪海参在中国为首次报道：白玉县及贡觉县的三叠世有孔虫也为首次发现。这一动物群在区域地质史及古地理研究上具有一定意义。     

福建宁化早二叠世早期的小有孔虫动物群

本文报道的福建宁化湖村早二叠世时期与StaffellaTing共生的小有孔虫动物群,在福建地区还属首次发现。该动物群计有9属20种,称为Globivalvulina-Nodosaria组合。这一小有孔虫动物群的发现,不但为福建地区栖霞组底部补充了新的化石门类,且为石炭系二叠系的划分提供了新的依据。     

山东新汶煤田太原组小有孔虫动物群及石炭-二叠系界线的探讨

通过对山东新汶煤田太原组小有孔虫动物群的系统研究,共鉴定出小有孔虫化石24属66种,根据小有孔虫在太原组中的垂向分布和含量的变化,自下而上分为3个小有孔虫组合：1．Brad yina samarica- Palaeotextularia angusta elongata组合,2．Nodosaria sinensis- Tetrataxis组合,3．Geinitzina postacarbonica组合。通过与邻区及华北部分地区的对比,本区太原组小有孔虫动物群的地质时代应归属于早二叠世,其层位大致相当于华北各地太原组(ting)类的Pseudoschwagerina带。     

Middle Permian smaller foraminifers from the Maokou Formation at the Tieqiao section,Guangxi, South China

This paper documents smaller foraminifers from the Maokou Formation (Guadalupian) at the Tieqiao section in Laibin area, South China. The assemblage of smaller foraminifers reported herein consists of 69 species of 42 genera. Although the Maokou Formation of this section was deposited in a relatively deep-water environment, smaller foraminifers are diverse and abundant, especially in debris flow deposits and thin turbidite beds. This fauna bears most similarity with coeval foraminiferal assemblages from the other Palaeotethyan regions. There is a sharp decrease in the diversity and abundance of smaller foraminifers at the lithological boundary between the Maokou and Heshan formations. An overwhelming majority of genera of smaller foraminifers that occur in the Maokou Formation at this section can be found in the Lopingian strata of South China. The study of smaller foraminiferal fauna of the Guadalupian at the Tieqiao section indicates a much less pronounced effect of the pre-Lopingian crisis on smaller foraminifers.