哈姆林甜橙与粗柠檬体细胞杂种的育性

对异源四倍体柑桔体细胞杂种“哈姆林甜橙＋粗柠檬”及其亲本的花粉活力,花器官发育,花器官形态发生与共母细胞减数分裂四分体阶段进行了观测和统计,结果发现：“哈姆林甜橙＋粗柠檬”的花粉染色活力,萌发率,线花药中花粉粒数均居于其双亲之间,花器官发育及其形态发生具有双亲的特点,但小花粉及花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中形成的不正常四分体比率远远高于其双亲。以体细胞杂种“哈姆林甜橙＋粗柠檬”为花粉亲本,与二倍体单胚类型宜昌橙与华农本地早的有性后代杂交,获得了110棵有性后代植株,其中三倍体82棵,二倍体和其它倍性的植株28棵。     

哈姆林甜橙与粗柠檬体细胞杂种的育性

对异源四倍体柑桔体细胞杂种“哈姆林甜橙+粗柠檬”及其亲本的花粉活力、花器官发育、花器官形态发生与花粉母细胞减数分裂四分体阶段进行了观测和统计.结果发现“哈姆林甜橙+粗柠檬”的花粉染色活力、萌发率、每花药中花粉粒数均居于其双亲之间,花器官发育及其形态发生具有双亲的特点.但小花粉及花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中形成的不正常四分体比率远远高于其双亲.以体细胞杂种“哈姆林甜橙+粗柠檬”为花粉亲本,与二倍体单胚类型宜昌橙与华农本地早的有性后代杂交,获得了110棵有性后代植株,其中三倍体82棵,二倍体和其它倍性的植株28棵.     

宜昌橙与伏令夏橙种间体细胞杂种

宜昌橙(Citrus ichangensis SwingIe)试管实生苗叶肉原生质体与伏令夏甜橙(C．Sin-ensis Osbeck)胚性悬浮细胞系原生质体,经聚乙二醇(PEG)诱导融合。再生出的胚状体为畸形,转移到生芽培养基中诱导产生丛芽。丛芽微嫁接在15天龄的枳壳砧上成为完整植株。幼叶染色体检查表明,两亲本均为二倍体2n=2x=18,融合后再生出的植株为四倍体2n=4x=36。过氧化物酶(POX)及谷草酰胺转氨酶(GOT)同工酶分析证明,这些四倍体均为体细胞杂种,它们同时含有双亲的酶带。杂种植株叶片形态更像甜橙。植株移八土壤后生长旺盛。     

柑桔细胞电融合再生两个种间体细胞杂种

朋娜脐橙(Citrussinensis Osbeck)胚性细胞悬浮系原生质体分别与粗柠檬(C.jambhiri Lush)、枸头橙(C.aurantium)叶肉原生质体经电场诱导而融合。经培养,两组合均获得再生植株。对朋娜脐橙+粗柠檬的再生胚状体进行染色体计数,随机取样的52个胚状体中,26个为四倍体,另外26个为二倍体;对74棵再生植株进行染色体计数,由此说明都为四倍体;表明体细胞杂种在植株再生过程中具有明显的竞争优势。朋娜脐橙+枸头橙再生的14棵植株都为四倍体。对朋娜脐橙+粗柠檬部分植株进行POX同工酶和RAPD分析,表明所有检测植株都为杂种。朋娜脐橙+枸头橙再生植株经RAPD分析,表明也为杂种。     

柑橘与枳属间体细胞杂种再生及其对脚腐病抗性的评价

Page橘柚 (CitrusreticulataBlanco×C .paradisiMacf.)胚性细胞悬浮系原生质体与枳 (Poncirustrifoliata (L .)Raf.)叶肉原生质体经电场诱导融合 ,4～ 5个月再生 15 0余棵小植株。再生植株根系发达 ,叶片具三叶特征。随机检查 2 0余株再生苗根尖染色体数目 ,表明都为四倍体 (2n =4x =36 )。随机取 7株进行RAPD分析 ,表明被检测植株都为杂种。用引起脚腐病的寄生疫霉菌 (PhytophthoraparasiticaDastar)毒素接种体细胞杂种及双亲叶片 ,结果表明 ,Page橘柚中度感病 ,枳高抗 ,体细胞杂种为抗病类型。     

柑橘体细胞杂种有性后代的创造及杂种鉴定

以异源四倍体柑橘体细胞杂种[哈姆林甜橙(Citrus sinensis Osbeck) 粗柠檬(C.jambhiri Luss)]为父本与二倍体单胚类型宜本杂4号[华农本地早橘(C.reticulata Blanco)×宜昌橙(C.ichangen- sis Swingle)]杂交,采用胚抢救技术获得了110株有性后代植株,通过染色体计数及倍性分析仪鉴定,其中93株植株为3倍体,余下的17林植株为2倍体。RAPD分析表明:获得的有性后代植株均为杂种。     

应用胚挽救技术获得三倍体柑橘植株

以3个柑橘异源四倍体体细胞杂种(即四倍体粗柠檬与哈姆林甜橙体细胞杂种,简称"HR";酸柚与粗柠檬体细胞杂种,简称"SR";墨西哥来檬与伏令夏甜橙体细胞杂种,简称"KV")为父本,分别与二倍体单胚性沙田柚进行有性杂交,在有性胚还没有完全败育以前,通过胚抢救技术进行三倍体植株培养(以四季柚花粉亲本为对照)。结果表明,处理的杂交组合直接成苗率极显著低于对照(P0.01),其中又以沙田柚×HR组合成苗率相对较高,达10.1%;较适合瘪籽沙田柚幼胚离体培养的培养基是MT+GA31.0mg/L+蜂皇浆200mg/L+水解乳蛋白250mg/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂0.7%;流式细胞分析仪检测结果显示,本试验成功获得了柑橘三倍体植株。     

脐橙与柠檬种间细胞电融合再生杂种植株

‘纽荷尔’脐橙（Ｃｉｔｒｕｓｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｌ．）Ｏｓｂｅｃｋ）胚性细胞悬浮原生质体与‘尤力克’柠檬（Ｃｉｔｒｕｓｌｉｍｏｎ（Ｌ．）Ｂｕｒｍ．ｆ）叶肉原生质体经电场诱导融合,培养８个月,首批再生了１棵植株,形态学观察,染色体计数及ＲＡＰＤ分析证明异源四倍体体细胞杂种,该杂种的获得为三倍体无籽柠檬品种培育提供了杂交亲本。     

电融合获得用于选择抗CTV砧木的酸橙与甜橙体细胞杂种植株

在已知参数条件下,通过电场诱导酸橙（Cit-rus aurantium L.）叶肉原生质体和沙漠蒂甜橙（C.sinensis Osbeck cv.Shamouti）的胚性愈伤组织原生质体融合,副合产物经培养再生出40棵植株。染色体检查表明所得到的植株具有36条染色体。为四倍体植株。再生植株具有翼叶,叶片厚,表现出多倍体的特征,采用2个10－碱基随机引物鉴别再生植株的杂种特性。在2个引物的扩增带型中,再生植株的随机扩增带图里出现了融合亲本的特征带。对再生植株染色体计数和RAPD分析的结果表明它们是酸橙和甜橙种间异源四倍体体细胞杂种植株。这些体细胞杂种植株的获得为选择具有酸橙优良性状、同时抗CTV的新型砧木提供了好的试材。     

电融合获得用于选择抗CTV砧木的酸橙与甜橙体细胞杂种植株

在已知参数条件下,通过电场诱导酸橙(Citrus aurantium L.)叶肉原生质体和沙漠蒂甜橙(C.sinensis Osbeck cv.Shamouti)的胚性愈伤组织原生质体融合,融合产物经培养再生出40棵植株.染色体检查表明所得到的植株具有36条染色体,为四倍体植株.再生植株具有翼叶,叶片厚,表现出多倍体的特征.采用2个10-碱基随机引物鉴别再生植株的杂种特性.在2个引物的扩增带型中,再生植株的随机扩增带图里出现了融合亲本的特征带.对再生植株染色体计数和RAPD分析的结果表明它们是酸橙和甜橙种间异源四倍体体细胞杂种植株.这些体细胞杂种植株的获得为选择具有酸橙优良性状、同时抗CTV的新型砧木提供了好的试材.     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).