干旱胁迫对杠柳光合特性及抗氧化酶活性的影响

以盆栽杠柳幼苗为材料,用称重控水的方法设置4个含水量梯度,研究不同程度干旱胁迫对杠柳光合特性和抗氧化系统的影响,为黄河三角洲贝壳堤岛植被恢复过程中的物种培育和种植管理提供依据.结果表明:(1)随着干旱胁迫的加剧,杠柳幼苗叶片净光合速率(Pn)先增后降,蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)逐渐下降,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)先降后升,说明杠柳幼苗Pn下降在轻度干旱胁迫下主要是由气孔导度下降引起,而在重度胁迫下主要由非气孔因素引起.(2)随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,杠柳幼苗瞬时水分利用效率(WUE)、表观光能利用效率(LUE)、羧化效率(CE)均呈现先增加后下降趋势;WUE在重度胁迫下才开始下降,比对照显著下降了39%,LUE(CE)则在中度胁迫下就开始下降,中度和重度胁迫分别比对照下降了48%(33%)、71%(69%).(3)随着干旱胁迫的加剧,杠柳叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性先升高后降低,过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和MDA含量均逐渐增高,表明POD、CAT抑制杠柳叶片脂质过氧化效应不显著,SOD则抑制作用显著,且12.8%的贝壳沙含水量是SOD的耐受阈值,此时MDA含量比对照显著增加153%.     

蒺藜苜蓿叶片光合作用对盐胁迫的响应

为阐明蒺藜苜蓿(Medicago truncatula)叶片光合效率对盐胁迫的响应规律,明确其土壤盐分阈值,该研究以盆栽蒺藜苜蓿幼苗为研究对象,采用加盐的方式人工模拟盐胁迫环境,设置不同浓度NaCl处理(0、50、100、150、200、250、300、400mmol·L-1),利用Li-6400便携式光合测定仪分析了蒺藜苜蓿幼苗光合效率参数对土壤盐分浓度的响应特征。结果表明:(1)蒺藜苜蓿叶片净光合速率(Pn)和光合作用特征参数等具有明显的土壤盐分临界效应。在NaCl浓度为100~200mmol·L-1时,蒺藜苜蓿可维持较高光合生产力,此盐分范围内适宜的光合有效辐射(PAR)为600~1 300μmol·m-2·s-1,出现Pn最大值(20.7μmol·m-2·s-1)的NaCl浓度为150mmol·L-1,对应PAR为1 200μmol·m-2·s-1左右。(2)在NaCl浓度150mmol·L-1时,随着NaCl浓度的增加,表观量子效率(AQY)、光补偿点(LCP)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)和最大光合速率(Pnmax)逐渐增大;在NaCl浓度为150mmol·L-1时,AQY、Rd和Pnmax分别达到最大值0.030、0.605 7μmol·m-2·s-1、19.4μmol·m-2·s-1,而LCP达到最小值19.8μmol·m-2·s-1。(3)NaCl浓度为150mmol·L-1可作为导致蒺藜苜蓿净光合速率下降的气孔限制和非气孔限制因素的转折点,并且随着NaCl浓度升高,其光合速率由气孔限制转为非气孔限制的PAR降低。以上结果表明,蒺藜苜蓿对盐胁迫具有较强的适应性,在较高盐分浓度下可获得较高的光合生产力。     

苹果叶片的净光合速率和光能利用效率的动态模拟

根据构建的苹果叶片净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）和光能利用效率（LUE）的耦合模型可模拟一般小气候条件下苹果叶片的Pn和LUE变化。结果表明,小气候因子对Pn和LUE的影响不同,并且不同小气候因子之间还有明显交互作用。Pn主要由有效光合辐射（PAR）和CO2浓度决定,并随着叶片水势和空气湿度的升高而增大,正常条件下Pn的最适温度约为25℃,PAR、CO2浓度和空气湿度下降时,Pn的最适温度也随之下降。PAR值较小时,LUE与PAR正相关;在PAR达到400μmol·m-2·s-1左右时,LUE值最大,而后随着PAR的增加而减少。由于LUE是Pn和PAR的比值,所以其它小气候因子和叶片水势对LUE的影响与对Pn的影响相一致。     

施肥措施对铅污染土壤中雪里蕻光合特性的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了铅污染土壤上施用有机肥、磷肥和柠檬酸对雪里蕻光合特性的影响.结果表明:不同施肥处理显著提高了雪里蕻的产量、叶绿素含量和对光强的适应范围,均使净光合速率(Pn)、光饱和点(LSP)和表观量子效率(AQY)显著升高,而使光补偿点(LCP)降低;适宜的施肥调控措施可以保持较高的Pn、LSP和AQY,其中施用磷肥获得了最大的Pn、LSP和AQY值.各施肥处理下Fv/Fm的值均大于0.8,均未引起作物光抑制;在不同施肥处理中,高量有机追肥处理可以使叶片PSⅡ的潜在量子效率和PSⅡ原初光能转换效率保持在最高水平.可见,适宜的施肥措施可以显著改善铅污染土壤上雪里蕻的光合特性而促进其生长.     

光照对珙桐幼苗光合与生长特性的影响

为了解珙桐幼苗对光强的适应性, 以3 年生珙桐幼苗为实验材料, 设置了全光照, 62%全光照及43%全光照3种光环境, 观测了110 d 后珙桐幼苗光合特性及生物量分配的变化情况。结果表明: (1)珙桐幼苗净光合速率(Pn)日变化在全光照条件下呈双峰型, 有明显“光合午休”现象, 而遮阴条件下呈单峰型; (2)遮阴处理下最大光合速率(Pmax)、表观量子效率(AQY)、水分利用效率(WUE)及光能利用效率(LUE)均高于全光照, 光补偿点(LCP)和暗呼吸速率(Rd)均低于全光照; (3)遮阴显著降低珙桐幼苗根冠比, 增加了比叶面积(SLA)和总生物量。上述结果说明: 遮阴处理后, 珙桐幼苗在光合特性和生长特性上表现出对弱光一定程度的驯化适应, 对比三种遮阴条件可以得知, 适度的遮阴更有利于幼苗的正常生长, 甚至在较低光照(43%全光照)环境下有更高的光能利用率。     

桃儿七光合生理特性的地理差异研究

对中国由南向北5个种源地桃儿七(Sinopodophyllum hexandrum)的光合生理生态特性进行了研究.结果表明:(1)北部宁夏六盘山地区植株的光饱和点(LSP)和光补偿点(LCP)最高,表观光量子效率(AQY)、瞬时光能利用效率(ILUE)和最大光合速率(Pmax)最低,光合能力最差;最南部云南纳帕海植株的LSP和LCP很低,但因其AQY和ILUE最高,故其Pmax最大,强光下的光合能力最高.(2)最南部云南纳帕海和最北部甘肃兴隆山个体的羧化效率(CE)最高,且CO2补偿点(CCP)较低,因此CO2利用率较高;而较南部四川刷经寺个体的CE最低,且CCP最高,故CO2利用效率最低.(3)各种源植株叶片的叶绿素总量及叶绿素a含量无显著差异,而不同地区个体的Chla/Chlb值差异显著,最北部甘肃兴隆山植株的Chla/Chlb值最大,而南部四川刷经寺的Chla/Chlb值最小.(4)各种源地植株的水分利用效率(WUE)和蒸腾速率(Tr)对光量子通量密度(PFD)与CO2浓度的响应过程也表现出显著的地理分异.总的来看,桃儿七是一种喜光但又较耐阴植物,但不同分布区桃儿七的光合生理生态特征已经出现了较显著的地理分化.     

油菜素内酯对低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗叶片线粒体、叶绿体超微结构及光合的影响

在水培条件下,研究24-表油菜素内酯(EBR)对低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗叶片叶绿体和线粒体超微结构及光合的影响.结果表明:与正常通气条件相比,低氧胁迫下表观量子效率(AQY)和羧化效率(CE)显著降低,而光补偿点(LCP)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)和CO2补偿点(CCP)显著升高;低氧胁迫并添加油菜素内酯处理下,CE与低氧胁迫处理相比显著提高29.4％,而LCP和Rd分别显著下降15.0％和14.4％.光响应Pn-PPFD曲线和CO2响应Pn-Ci曲线表明,低氧胁迫下净光合速率(Pn)增幅降低,而添加油菜素内酯有利于Pn增幅的提高.低氧胁迫下叶绿体和线粒体结构受到伤害,而油菜素内酯可以缓解低氧胁迫对黄瓜幼苗叶绿体和线粒体超微结构的不良影响,使叶片维持较好的光合性能.     

三种不同类型草甸生态系统下鹅绒委陵菜的光合特性

鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina)是高寒草甸的广布种和典型的杂类草,随生境变化其无性繁殖能力、空间拓展性、形态可塑性等差异显著。为探明该种在不同高寒生境下的光合特性及其与环境因子的关系,同时寻找影响其繁殖拓展能力的主要环境诱因,在若尔盖高原选择沼泽湿地、湿草甸和干草甸三类样地对鹅绒委陵菜的光合日变化进行比较。结果表明:7月下旬,由于光辐射强、大气温度高,各生境中鹅绒委陵菜的叶片净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、瞬时水分利用效率(IWUE)和光能利用效率(LUE)均显著高于8月下旬(P0.05);同一月份,干草甸环境下的P_n显著高于湿草甸和沼泽湿地(P0.05);相关性分析显示,各环境中光合有效辐射(PAR)与P_n均呈显著正相关(P0.05),干草甸环境下空气相对湿度(RH)、土壤质量含水量(SWC)与P_n亦呈显著正相关关系(P0.05);从沼泽湿地、湿草甸到干草甸,鹅绒委陵菜的净光合速率和水分利用效率增大;光补偿点(LCP)降低,光饱和点(LSP)升高,光合作用时间延长;表观量子效率(AQY)和羧化效率(CE)提高。这表明,在相对干旱的生境下,鹅绒委陵菜的光合能力得到增强,各光合生理参数朝着有利于其生长的方向发展。水分条件可能是影响鹅绒委陵菜繁殖能力和盖度的重要环境因子。     

广西4个种源蚬木苗木光合特性的比较

以广西4个不同种源蚬木Excentrodendron hsienmu苗为研究材料, 测定及分析其光响应曲线及光合参数日变化规律, 以期为蚬木引种和优选提供理论依据。结果表明: 武鸣种源具最高的光饱和点(LSP)和光补偿点(LCP), 具有较好的适应强光的能力。靖西种源具有较高的最大光合速率(Pmax)、LSP和斜率(AQY), 以及较低的LCP和暗呼吸速率(Rd), 因此可能具有较强的同化能力。大新种源虽LSP最低, 但其具有最高的Pmax和最低的Rd, 以及较低的LCP, 这可能也赋予了该种源具有较强的同化能力。4个种源蚬木均有明显的光合午休现象, 并且净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、水分利用效率(WUE)在不同种源间均存在显著差异, 其中武鸣种源具有较低的Tr和较高的WUE, 靖西种源表现了较高的Gs和Tr。因此, 在相对保水性较好的赤红壤土地上种植蚬木, 可优先选择靖西和大新种源。     

不同淹水条件下河竹叶片光合生理特性的变化

为阐明淹水条件下河竹( Phyllostachys rivalis H. R. Zhao)叶片的光合生理特性,设置对照组( CK,正常供水)及中度淹水(T1,水面高出基质表面5 cm)和重度淹水(T2,水面高出基质表面10 cm)处理组,对持续淹水360 d内2年生河竹幼苗叶片的光合气体交换参数、光响应曲线、光合特征参数、资源利用效率参数、光合色素含量及比值的变化进行了分析;在此基础上,探讨了河竹对淹水环境的适应性。结果表明：随淹水时间延长,2个处理组的多数光合生理参数呈“升高—降低—升高”的变化趋势,且多数参数在淹水90 d时达到峰值、在淹水270 d时达到谷值;T1组的各项光合生理参数总体上高于T2组。淹水30~180 d,与CK组相比,2个处理组的净光合速率( Pn)、蒸腾速率( Tr)、气孔导度( Gs)、胞间CO2浓度( Ci)和叶面饱和水汽压亏缺( Vpdl)总体上降低,表观量子效率( AQY)显著降低;气孔限制值(Ls)升高,而光饱和点(LSP)和光补偿点(LCP)显著升高;T1组的最大净光合速率(Pmax)略降低,而T2组的Pmax值则显著降低;但2个处理组的水分利用效率( WUE)、表观CO2利用效率( CUE)和表观光能利用效率(LUE)却无明显变化。淹水270和360 d,与CK组相比,2个处理组的Pn、Tr、Gs、Ls和Vpdl值降低,Pmax、LSP、LCP、WUE、CUE和LUE值显著降低,仅Ci值升高;T1组的AQY值略降低,而T2组的AQY值则显著降低。2个处理组的光响应曲线变化趋势与CK组相似,但随淹水时间延长,2个处理组的Pn值变幅不同,其中T1组的Pn值总体上高于T2组。淹水30和90 d,与CK组相比,T1组的叶绿素b( Chlb)和总叶绿素( Chl)含量总体上显著升高,而T2组的Chlb和Chl含量总体上显著降低;2个处理组的叶绿素a(Chla)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量以及Chla/Chlb和Chl/Car值也显著降低。淹水180~360 d,仅2个处理组的Chla/Chlb值显著升高,而其他光合色素含量及比值总体上显著降低。综合分析结果显示：河竹叶片Pn值在淹水前期和中期下降的主要原因为气孔限制,而在淹水后期下降的主要原因为非气孔限制。河竹对淹水环境有较强耐受性,并对长期淹水有一定的适应性;此外,中度淹水条件下河竹叶片的光能转化效率、对光辐射的利用范围和对光变化的适应能力均高于重度淹水条件。     

遮阴对高山杜鹃叶片解剖和光合特性的影响

为了解高山杜鹃对光能的需求和适应性,该研究以盆栽3 a生高山杜鹃品种cv. Furnivall's Daughter为材料,探讨了遮阴对高山杜鹃叶片解剖结构和光合特性的影响。结果表明:光照强度对高山杜鹃品种cv. Furnivall's Daughter叶片的气孔密度没有显著影响,其气孔密度范围在299.70~327.22个·mm~(-2)之间,但光照对气孔开度和单个气孔器的面积影响显著,100%全光照和30%全光照处理植株分别具有最小和最大的叶片气孔开度。在处理的光强范围内,随着光强减弱,叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度以及上、下表皮厚度逐渐降低,有利于提高叶片的光能利用效率。100%全光照处理下,高山杜鹃叶片的光饱和点(LSP)、净光合速率(P_n)、饱和光合速率(P_(max))、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)均较低,遮阴处理有效提高了Pn、P_(max)、G_s、T_r和光能利用效率(LUE),且30%全光照处理植株的叶片光补偿点(LCP)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)最低,而LSP、P_n、P_(max)、G_s、T_r和LUE最高。这表明高山杜鹃在云南昆明地区的最适光照条件是30%左右的全光照,在高山杜鹃的栽培及应用中,应采取适当的遮阴措施以满足其生长的最佳光照条件。     

巨桉和天竺桂幼树对不同浓度SO2的光合生理响应

二氧化硫是大气主要污染物之一,可对植物的关键生理过程光合作用产生重要影响。利用密闭环境控制室熏气处理,研究不同浓度(自然状态下浓度、0.5mg·L-1、1.5mg·L-1、3.0mg·L-1)SO2对盆栽巨桉和天竺桂幼树叶绿素含量、光响应曲线、光合特征参数、光合日变化及硫含量的影响。结果表明:(1)SO2胁迫显著减少了巨桉叶绿素a、b含量,且叶绿素a/b值显著降低,而天竺桂在SO2胁迫下叶绿素a、b含量显著增加,叶绿素a/b值无显著影响。(2)SO2胁迫显著抑制了两树种的净光合速率(Pn);在SO2胁迫下巨桉气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr)显著上升,而天竺桂的Gs和Tr显著被SO2抑制,Ci随SO2浓度的增加先升高后降低。(3)巨桉表观量子效率(AQY)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)、光补偿点(LCP)和光饱和点(LSP)及天竺桂Rd和LCP均随着SO2浓度的增加而先升高后降低,而天竺桂的AQY和LSP逐渐降低。(4)一天中,SO2胁迫显著提高了巨桉Pn、Gs和Tr,而对天竺桂Pn无显著影响,较低浓度SO2胁迫显著促进了天竺桂Gs和Tr,高浓度SO2胁迫则显著抑制其Gs和Tr;SO2胁迫显著抑制了两种植物的Ci。(5)SO2胁迫下,巨桉和天竺桂幼树叶片硫含量均显著增加。研究认为,巨桉对较低浓度的SO2胁迫有一定的适应能力,但对高浓度SO2胁迫的抗性不如天竺桂强,这可能与二者不同的叶片形态及生理特性有关。     

Physiological foundation for the differences of long-term water use efficiency among Populus deltoides clones

With randomized complete block design, long-term water use efficiency (WUE_L), photosynthetic parameters (net photosynthetic rate Pn, transpiration rate Tr, stomatal conductance Gs, instantaneous water use efficiency WUE_i, maximum photosynthetic rate P max, light saturation pointLSP, carboxylic efficiency Ce), stomatal properties (frequency, size, superior/inferior stoma amount ratio) and root/shoot ratio of twelve Populus deltoids clones were studied under water stress in a greenhouse. Four water treatments were designed, namely, well-watered condition, slight water stress, moderate water stress, and severe water stress. Although the volumes of irrigated water for different treatments were the same, the irrigation intervals were strictly controlled. The results showed that long-term water use efficiency (WUE_L) differences among tested clones were obvious and became greater with the increase in water stress. J₂, J₆, J₇, J₈, and J₉ were excellent clones with high WUE_L. Stomatal frequency, stomatal size, Gs, Tr, Pn, and root/shoot ratio of J₂et al were moderate, whereas the superior/inferior ratio, P_max, LSP, Ce of J2et al were higher than other clones. The interrelations between WUE_L and the physiological parameters were analyzed. The results revealed that the WUE_L differences were induced by a series of physiological parameters, and clones with higher WUE_L always had strong photosynthetic capacity, higher WUE_i, and optimum root/shoot ratio.     

Sodium is the critical factor leading to the positive halotropism of the halophyte Limonium bicolor

Previous studies indicate that the roots of nonhalophytes showed negative halotropism to salt stress to avoid salt damage. However, halotropism of euhalophytes and their possible reasons are little known. Limonium bicolor, a typical recretohalophyte with multicellular salt glands, was used to study halotropism compared with Arabidopsis thaliana under NaCl, KCl and Na₂SO₄ stress. The elongation of the roots in L. bicolor was significantly promoted by the appropriate concentrations of NaCl, KCl and Na₂SO₄, but those of A. thaliana was markedly inhibited. However, isosmotic mannitol with 200?mM NaCl did not affect the root growth of both L. bicolor and A. thaliana. The root activity of both L. bicolor and A. thaliana was enhanced by salts. Compared with K⁺, Cl^–, and SO₄^2?, Na⁺ played a critical role in halotropism of L. bicolor. Furthermore, the gravitropic setpoint angle of L. bicolor increased under NaCl, KCl and Na₂SO₄ treatments compared with controls, and the phenomenon was most apparent under NaCl treatments. The endogenous IAA content of the NaCl-treated L. bicolor seedlings was significantly higher than that of the controls. These results suggest that the recretohalophyte L. bicolor has positive halotropism and Na⁺ plays a pivotal role in L. bicolor’s positive root halotropism by regulating IAA.     

Guaduaamplexifolia光合季节动态

为了解国外引进的优良材用竹种Guadua amplexifolia在引种地福建省华安县的光合适应性,在自然条件下测定该竹种不同季节的光合及相关特征参数,并对不同季节的光合生理参数及其主要环境影响因子进行相关分析和通径分析。结果表明:其光响应特征参数具有明显的季节性差异,光饱和点(LSP)、光补偿点(LCP)、光下暗呼吸速率(Rd)、最大净光合速率(Pn_max)均是7月最高,4月和10月次之,1月最低; 四个季节的净光合速率(Pn)日变化均呈双峰型,其中4月“午休”不明显; 日均净光合速率4月>7月>10月>1月; 除空气相对湿度(RH)外,蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO₂浓度(Ci)、气孔导度(Gs)、饱和水汽压差(VPD)、光合有效辐射(PAR)、叶片温度(Tleaf)等生理因子和环境因子均与净光合速率(Pn)显著相关; 不同季节Pn的主要环境影响因子有所差异,1月Tleaf为Pn最大的环境影响因子,而10月RH的影响则明显增大。综合分析整个生长季节,各测定环境因子对Pn的影响大小顺序为VPD>PAR>RH>Tleaf。     

干旱胁迫下藜的光合特性研究

通过人工控制水分模拟干旱来研究生长期的藜对干旱胁迫的生理生化反应,以期望为干旱农业的高效生产提供理论依据。以盆栽的藜为材料,用称重控制浇水的方法,研究了干旱胁迫对藜叶片的光合特性。结果表明：干旱胁迫下藜的光合日变化呈双峰型,有“午休”现象（13:00）且受气孔限制;最大净光合速率出现在上午8:00。与正常条件下生长的藜相比,干旱胁迫下藜的光饱和点(LSP)、最大净光合速率(Pn)、表观量子效率(AQY)、二氧化碳饱和点(CSP)和羧化效率(CE)均降低,分别为1 200 μmolphoton·m^-2·s^-1、8.01 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1、0.016 1 μmol CO₂·mol^-1 photons、1 200 μmol CO₂·mol^-1、0.017 6 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1;光补偿点(LCP)、二氧化碳补偿点(CCP)升高,分别达到44.88 μmol photon·m^-2·s^-1、和46 μmol CO₂·mol^-1,干旱使藜的光合能力下降。干旱胁迫下藜的光合能力虽有所下降,但与其它C3植物相比仍具有较强的CO₂同化能力。藜是一种耐旱力较强的植物。     

Responses of Nitraria tangutorum to water and photosynthetic physiology in rain enrichment scenario

Under the global warming conditions, great attention has been paid to the effects of precipitation on ecophysiological characteristics in desert plants. Nitraria tangutorum is one of the dominant shrubs distributes in desert outside Minqin oasis, Gansu Province. The artificial simulated rainfall experiments were carried out in four consecutive years from 2008 to 2011, in an attempt to understand the mechanisms of the photosynthetic response in desert plant to the variation of future precipitation pattern. The water and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of leaves in N. tangutorum were examined from July 24 to 26 in 2011 under different simulated rainfall increase gradients (increased 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of mean annual precipitation, respectively). We measured leaf traits that could reflect both leaf water status (e.g., leaf water content and leaf water potential) and photosynthetic physiology (e.g., maximum net photosynthetic rate). The results showed that leaf water content and leaf water potential of N. tangutorum increased with increasing rainfall. Leaf water content and leaf water potential of N. tangutorum in the 100% increased rainfall treatment were significantly greater by 8.51% and 12.07% than the control (0% increased rainfall treatment). But leaf dry matter content and specific leaf weight gradually decreased with increasing rainfall. Leaf dry matter content and specific leaf weight in the 100% increased rainfall treatment were significantly lower by 6.92% and 25.93% than the control. Leaf maximum net photosynthetic rate (A_max), apparent quantum yield (AQY) and light saturation point (LSP) increased with increasing rainfall, while light compensation point (LCP) gradually decreased with increasing rainfall. AQY in the 100% increased rainfall treatment was significantly greater by 70.00% than the control. However, there were no significant differences in LSP and LCP between different treatments. A_max, transpiration rate (T_r), stomatal conductance (G_s) in the 100% increased rainfall treatment were significantly greater by 81.91%, 166.07% and 110.47% than the control, respectively. On the contrary, water use efficiency (WUE) in the 100% increased rainfall treatment was significantly less 48.28% than the control. There were no significant differences in intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) and stomatal limitation value (L_s) between different treatments. The correlation analysis showed that there were significantly positive correlations between leaf water content, leaf water potential, T_r and G_s. However, there were significantly negative correlations between leaf dry matter content, leaf specific mass and T_r, G_s, leaf water content and leaf water potential, suggesting that leaf gas exchanges were regulated by leaf water status. Therefore, N. tangutorum could adapt to the tendency of future increasing precipitation by the coordination of water physiology and photosynthesis.     

Differences in diffuse photosynthetically active radiation effects on cropland light use efficiency calculated via contemporary remote sensing and crop production models

Diffuse photosynthetically active radiation (PAR_diff) is instrumental to the light use efficiency (LUE) of vegetation. Accurately assessing the impact of PAR_diff on crop LUE can better our understanding of the carbon cycle in cropland ecosystems. LUE estimates from six remote sensing models (including four big-leaf models and two two-leaf models) and two crop production models were compared with measured FLUXNET LUE data from cropland sites under different PAR_diff fraction (FDIFF_PAR) intervals. Compared with the FLUXNET observations, the Eddy Covariance-Light Use Efficiency (EC-LUEa) model exhibited the best LUE estimation (R² = 0.250, RMSE = 0.868 gC·MJ⁻¹, and Bias = −0.005 gC·MJ⁻¹) owing to the use of more accurate calculation scheme of environmental stress factors. LUEs calculated from FLUXNET observational data were positively correlated with FDIFF_PAR, but only LUEs simulated by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Photosynthesis (MOD17) and Two-Leaf Light Use Efficiency (TL-LUE) models increased with increasing FDIFF_PAR. This is attributed to the fact that the MOD17 model divides the crop growth types into cereal and broadleaf, while the TL-LUE model considers the change of light interception with increased FDIFF_PAR. Furthermore, the maximum LUE (LUE_max) increased with FDIFF_PAR at FLUXNET observational sites, but the eight models could not capture the effects of PAR_diff on the crop LUE_max. Among the eight models, the LUE_max–FDIFF_PAR relationship simulated by the two-leaf models fluctuated because the crops were divided into sunlit and shaded leaves, while the big-leaf and crop production models used a constant LUE_max and showed a constant LUE_max–FDIFF_PAR relationship. Additionally, big-leaf models performed better than two-leaf models for gross primary production (GPP) simulation in the cropland ecosystem, which is related to the planting density and vegetation structure. These results demonstrate the importance of considering the impact of FDIFF_PAR on LUE_max in LUE modeling.     

遮阴对三种木兰科幼苗生长和光合特性的影响

为探讨观光木、山白兰和灰木莲三种木兰科植物对不同光环境的光合适应机制,该文以其幼苗为材料,设置透光率分别为100% NS、72.3% NS、48.6% NS、24.9% NS的四种光照处理,测定其光合特性参数、生物量分配比例、叶绿素含量等,研究不同遮阴处理对其生长和光合作用的影响。结果表明:(1)过强或过弱的光照环境限制了幼苗株高及地径的生长,与全光照相比,72.3% NS有利于幼苗的形态生长。(2)随着遮阴程度的增加,观光木、山白兰和灰木莲幼苗的最大光合速率、光补偿点、光饱和点、暗呼吸速率、蒸腾速率逐渐降低,叶绿素含量增加,水分利用效率先升后降。(3)随着光强的减弱,观光木和山白兰地上部分的生物量积累增加,灰木莲的根生物量积累增加。(4)观光木的比叶面积随着遮阴程度的增加而先增后减; 灰木莲的比叶面积显著减小; 山白兰的比叶面积差异不显著; 观光木、山白兰和灰木莲对低光环境响应和适应的差异主要表现在生物量分配比例及叶的形态特征上。综上结果认为,72.3% NS最有利于幼苗的生长,观光木、山白兰和灰木莲在遮阴条件下可以通过降低P_max、LSP、LCP、R_d、T_r来增加叶绿素含量,适当调整生物量分配比例来增大光合能力,在中度遮阴时能增加水分利用效率、株高、地径来增大光合能力。     

3种土壤类型下红椿幼苗对铅胁迫的光合响应

采用盆栽试验,研究钙质紫色土、酸性紫色土和冲积土3种土壤类型上生长的红椿幼苗在不同浓度(0、200、450、2 000mg·kg-1)铅(Pb)胁迫下的光合生理响应,探讨红椿在不同土壤类型下Pb污染的生态适应性,为木本植物的重金属修复提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)3种土壤类型下,红椿幼苗叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素总量随Pb胁迫浓度的增大呈总体降低的趋势,叶绿素含量在钙质紫色土上受Pb胁迫的影响不大,而在酸性紫色土和冲积土上降低明显。(2)不同土壤类型的红椿光合响应曲线变化趋势十分相似,红椿幼苗叶片的净光合速率均随Pb胁迫程度的加大呈先增加后降低的趋势且差异显著,并在Pb浓度为200和2 000mg·kg-1时光合速率分别达到最大值和最小值。(3)随着Pb胁迫浓度的增大,红椿的最大光合速率、表观量子利用效率、光补偿点等光合生理指标都发生了显著改变,说明Pb胁迫严重影响红椿幼苗的光合作用。研究表明,高浓度的铅抑制红椿幼苗叶片叶绿素的合成,从而抑制光合作用的强度,且铅胁迫的浓度越高,叶绿素含量越低,光合作用受到的抑制越强;较低浓度的Pb处理(200和450mg·kg-1)对酸性紫色土和冲积土上红椿的净光合速率影响很小,而对钙质紫色土上红椿的最大净光合速率的抑制最为明显。