草莓伪温和黄边病毒提纯技术的研究

纯化的草莓伪温和黄边病毒(SPMYEV),小叶嫁接繁殖于指示植物草莓UC—4上,然后采样榨汁,结合聚乙二醇(PEG)沉淀,蔗糖垫底差速离心及连续性蔗糖密度梯度离心,能成功地将草莓伪温和黄边病毒提纯出来。经电镜观察为丝杆状病毒粒体,长×宽为650nm×12—13nm。提纯的病毒制剂,经紫外分光光度计测定,呈典型的核蛋白吸收曲线,其最大值位于263nm,最小值位于243nm。A260/A280=1.24,用冰醋酸分解病毒,提取衣壳蛋白,经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定其分子量约37000道尔顿。     

商陆蛋白质的纯化及其抗单纯疱疹病毒(Ⅱ型)活性的研究

纯化的商陆蛋白质Ⅰ在SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中,只显示一条带,与Sigma SDS-6H四种蛋白质标准品迁移率对比,分子量大约为29,000。采用病毒繁殖量抑制测定法(YR测定),观察商陆蛋白质Ⅰ对疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(HSV-2)在Vero细胞中复制的影响,0.15～15μM出现最大抑制率,50％繁殖抑制率为0.32μM。证明商陆蛋白质Ⅰ对HSV-2有明显的抗病毒活性。     

SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法测定蛋白质的分子量

Shapiro于1967年首次报告了SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳系统,根据他对11种蛋白质电泳获得的结果,发现蛋白质(或亚基)分子量的对数与蛋白质分子的迁移率之间有直线关系。Weber等人的深入研究,肯定了Shapiro的发现,确立了SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法测定蛋白质分子量的新方法。 Shapiro和Weber所应用的SDS-凝胶电泳缓冲系统为连续的磷酸盐系统,后来     

慢性蜜蜂麻痹病毒半套式PCR检测方法的建立

参考NCBI(National Center of Biotechnology Information)已发表的慢性蜜蜂麻痹病毒(Chronic bee paralysis virus,CBPV)的全基因序列,设计3条检测CBPV的特异性引物,建立CBPV半套式PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction)检测方法,对其外引物退火温度(52、54、56和58℃)、内引物退火温度(48、50、52和54℃)、引物浓度(0.1、0.2和0.4mmol/L)和ExTaq酶体积(0.25、0.5和1μL)进行优化,并对优化后的方法进行了特异性、敏感性验证,同时,利用该方法对20份临床样品进行检测。结果表明,该半套式PCR最佳外引物退火温度、内引物退火温度、引物浓度和ExTaq酶体积分别为56℃、50℃、0.2mmol/L和0.25μL;感染CBPV与健康蜜蜂、急性蜜蜂麻痹病毒(Acute paralysis virus,ABPV)、中蜂囊状幼虫病病毒(Chinese sacbrood bee virus,CSBV)、黑蜂王台病毒(Black queen cell virus,BQCV)、蜜蜂残翼病毒(Deformed wing virus,DWV)的cDNA均无交叉反应,检出最低下限为10-3pg;从20份临床样品中检出4份阳性。说明建立的CBPV半套式PCR检测方法具有快捷、敏感、特异等优点,可用于CBPV感染的临床诊断和流行病学调查。     

北京地区六种蜜蜂病毒病的流行病学研究

【目的】对蜜蜂的6种病毒:以色列急性麻痹病毒(Israeli acute paralysis virus,IAPV)、残翅病毒(Deformed wing virus,DWV)、囊状幼虫病病毒(Sacbrood virus,SBV)、急性蜜蜂麻痹病毒(Acute bee paralysis virus,ABPV)、黑蜂王台病毒(Black queen cell virus,BQCV)、慢性麻痹病毒(Chronic bee paralysis virus,CBPV)在北京地区的流行情况进行调查,以期为该地区蜜蜂病毒病的防控提供一定的理论依据。【方法】应用多重RT-PCR法确定上述6种病毒在该地区的感染情况,并通过序列分析确定特异性。【结果】在所有检测样本中均未检测到急性麻痹病病毒和慢性麻痹病病毒,感染率最高的是以色列急性麻痹病毒,其次是残翅病毒。检测的样本普遍存在混合感染。【结论】以色列急性麻痹病毒、残翅病毒、囊状幼虫病病毒、黑蜂王台病毒4种病毒可能在北京地区广泛分布。     

辽宁产东亚钳蝎(Buthus martensii Karshi)毒两种毒素的纯化及其部分性质的研究

用CM-Sephadex C-50分离辽宁产东亚钳蝎毒得到十二个蛋白组份,对其中的第八组份进行了CM-Sephadex C-50重层析和Sephadex G-50凝胶过滤,最后得到两种纯化的毒素。应用低pH系统不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶圆盘电泳、SDS-不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶板状电泳及等电聚焦聚丙烯酰胺凝胶圆盘电泳鉴定均为单一条带。二者的分子量和等电点分别为8,980,8,660和7.58,7.90。还测定了粗毒对小白鼠的LD50(腹腔注射)、有关酶活力和毒素I的氨基酸组成。 试验结果还表明,用13％胶浓度的SDS-不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶板状电泳测定小于10,000道尔顿的蛋白质的分子量,可以获得较为满意的结果。     

猪血纤维蛋白溶酶原的纯化及性质研究

 用偶联有L-赖氨酸的Sepharose 4B亲和柱对猪血纤维蛋白溶酶原进行分离纯化,所得酶原在酸性及SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中显示单一蛋白质区带,在碱性条件下电泳及等电聚焦电泳表现出较明显的不均一性。还原及非还原SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测得酶原分子量为88kD,经尿激酶激活后,进行还原SDS-凝胶电泳,出现两条新的蛋白质区带,分子量分别为63kD和26kD。酶原含中性糖1.35％,N-末端为异亮氨酸。尿激酶激活后产生的血纤维蛋白溶酶以对甲苯磺酰-L-精氨酸甲酯为底物,测得Km为4.2m mol/L,V_(max)为13.5 IU。6-氨基已酸对酶活性有双重影响。此外,还观察了胰蛋白酶对猪血纤维蛋白溶酶原的激活。     

雪山豆(Phaseolus sp.)凝集素的亲和层析纯化与其部分性质

 用猪甲状腺球蛋白-对氨基苯砜乙基-交联琼脂作亲和吸附剂,可对雪山豆(Phaseolus sp.)凝集素进行亲和层析纯化。纯化后的凝集素在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中显示单一蛋白质带。Sephadex G-100凝胶层析法测得分子量为65,000道尔顿,SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳表明该凝集素分子仅有一个分子量为65,000道尔顿的亚基,酚-硫酸法测得总糖含量为4.6％,氨基酸组成分析表明雪山豆凝集素富含门冬氨酸,而甲硫氨酸含量甚少。该凝集素是强促有丝分裂原,对人外周血中淋巴细胞的转化率大于90％,细胞分裂比率达12％。雪山豆凝集素不仅能凝集多种动物红细胞,还能凝集人精细胞。经体外实验表明,雪山豆凝集素对人肝癌细胞有抑制作用。     

蜜蜂麻痹病病毒研究进展

早在一百多年前已发现成年蜜蜂的“麻痹”症状,在蜂群中有一些成年蜜蜂表现异常,它们的翅与躯体颤抖不能飞翔,几天以后很快死亡。长久以来,许多学者认为蜜蜂麻痹病的病原体可能是病毒,但一直未得到证实。直到1963年,Bailey等才首先分离出两种蜜蜂麻痹病病毒,并用分离出来的两种病毒注射感染健康蜜蜂,几天内蜜蜂出现麻痹症状,失去飞翔能力。其中一种病毒感染的蜜蜂,出现颤抖症状,几天后死亡,作者称这种病毒为慢性蜜蜂麻痹病病毒(CBPV)。另一种病毒感染的蜜蜂出现麻痹症状后1～2天内很快死亡,称为急性蜜蜂麻痹病病毒(ABPV)。后来,在成年蜜蜂的提取液内,又发现了一种与上述病毒抗血清不起反应的病毒颗粒,这种病毒注射     

猕猴(Macaca mulatta)肝5S核糖核蛋白体RNA的分离提纯

应用酚-去污剂和1摩尔/升NaCl抽提低分子量RNA,通过DEAE-葡聚糖A-50离子交换层析提纯后,经含有7摩尔/升尿素的10%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳制备纯化猕猴肝5S核糖核蛋白体RNA是简易而行之有效的方法。制纯的5SrRNA经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定呈现单一的一条区带。与大肠杆菌5SrRNA标准品具有相同的电泳迁移率。     

兔的一种新病毒：Ⅱ.一株兔出血症...

In this paper a strain of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV) was isolated and purified from the diseased rabbit livers with a method of using chloroform, two-phase of polyethylene-glycol-dextran sulfate sodium and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Purified virus was nonenveloped, icosahedeal symmetry with a triangulation number of 3, and 33-37 nm in diameter. The capsid was composed of 32 capsomeres with central holes in an outer diameter of about 9nm. Two types of viral particles having different sedimentation coefficient, 130s and 166s could be identified after sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Probably no less than four virion proteins with molecular weight of 66.4, 65.0, 63.5, 41.0 x 10(3) dalton were detected by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Viral nucleic acid was extracted from purified virus by using SDS-proteinase K-phenol. Tests with diphenylamine, formaldehyde, and staining with acridine orange as well as the curves of thermal denaturation showed that this kind of virus had a single-stranded DNA. The molecular weight of the ssDNA was approx 2.1 x 10(6) dalton as determined by electron microscopy. Data indicate that the RHDV may like the parvovirus of the family Parvoviridae.     

大鼠海马细胞质膜的分离及其蛋白质组学分析

运用差速离心和连续蔗糖密度梯度离心的方法分离纯化成年大鼠海马组织细胞质膜并用Western blotting对质膜样品进行检测.结果表明,在蔗糖密度梯度离心介质中,膜片主要集中于蔗糖浓度为32%~42%的区段(密度约1.13~1.18),其次是20%~25% (密度约1.08~1.10)的区段.39%(密度约1.17)层面上质膜浓度和纯度最高.一维SDS-PAGE分离和CapLC-MS/MS分析后,通过数据库搜寻从大鼠海马组织细胞质膜样品中共鉴定出135种蛋白质, 其中质膜蛋白和与膜相关的蛋白质共70种(占51.9%), 主要包括Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase、Glutamate/aspartate transporter、Lipophilin、GLAST 1a等. 为研究海马组织细胞的功能和大鼠海马组织细胞质膜蛋白质数据库的建立积累了有价值的资料.     

Evidence of mitochondrial involvement in scrapie infection.

Two cDNA libraries were constructed from brain membrane and cytoskeletal preparations purified from scrapie-infected hamster brains. Four recombinants strongly preferential to the scrapie cytoskeletal preparation were identified by the differential hybridization of 7,000 recombinants. These clones were not, however, preferential to total nucleic acids extracted from scrapie-infected hamster brains. DNA sequence analysis revealed all four clones to have significant sequence similarities to the mouse mitochondrial genome. This correlation led us to consider a mitochondrial association with scrapie infectivity. Brain mitochondria were purified by sucrose gradient density centrifugation and found to contain high infectivity. Removal of mitochondrial outer membranes by osmotic shock or digitonin treatment resulted in no detectable loss of titer.     

Isolation and Characterization of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis Virus Nucleocapsids

Nucleocapsids from subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) virus-infected CV-1 cells were concentrated by differential centrifugation employing sucrose cushion techniques and further purified by centrifugation through a linear CsCl density gradient. The bouyant density of (3)H-uridine-labeled nucleocapsids in CsCl was found to be 1.31 g/cm(3). Ultraviolet absorption spectra of the purified SSPE nucleocapsid showed an absorption maximum at 260 to 265 nm and a 280/260 ratio that corresponded to a nucleic acid content of approximately 4.3%. Negatively stained preparations of SSPE nucleocapsids were found to have a width of 18 +/- 1 nm, a periodicity of 5 to 6 nm, and a length between 1-1.4 mum, with the greatest number at 1.3 mum.     

The purification and polypeptide composition of avian infectious bronchitis virus.

Purification of egg-grown infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) by sucrose density gradient centrifugation alone, or sucrose density gradient centrifugation plus pH 8.0 treatment, concanavalin A precipitation or metrizamide density gradient centrifugation, failed to produce any differences in the virus polypeptide pattern following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS(SDS-PAGE). SDS-PAGE of purified IBV on 7.5% acrylamide gels separated 16 polypeptides which were detectable by staining with Coomassie blue or measurement of radioactivity following electrophoresis of (3H)-leucine labelled IBV. The molecular weights of the polypeptides were within the range 15,000-135,000. The polypeptides of egg and chick kidney (CK) cell-grown IBV were identical in both size and number but quantitative differences were detected. In particular the relative proportion of the major 52,000 molecular weight polypeptide was greatly reduced in IBV grown in CK cells. SDS-PAGE of purified IBV and staining with Schiff's reagent to detect carbohydrate revealed four.bands with molecular weights of 128,000, 86,000, 67,500 and 37,000. The 128,000 band did not correspond to any of the detected polypeptides. Use of 5% acrylamide gels for SDS-PAGE of IBV failed to resolve all the minor polypeptides and only seven bands were detected.     

Purification and Chemical Composition of Reticulate Bodies of the Meningopneumonitis Organisms

Reticulate bodies of the meningopneumonitis (MP) microorganism were purified from L cells 18 hr after infection by the combination of differential centrifugation in 30% sucrose solution and potassium tartrate density gradient centrifugation. It was ascertained by electron microscopy that purified preparations of reticulate bodies obtained were almost entirely free of host-cell components and of infectious elementary bodies of MP microorganisms. Purified reticulate bodies were easily disrupted by mechanical agitation, and it was observed in shadowed preparation that ribosome-like particles 15 mmu in diameter were scattered from broken reticulate bodies. In shadowed preparations, reticulate bodies were found to range in size from 1.0 to 1.6 mu in diameter, but in cross-section the range was 0.5 to 1.0 mu. In these preparations, the purified reticulate bodies were irregular in shape, round or oval, and were composed of rather homogenous, amorphous, or reticulate material with moderate density. Some particles exhibited a less-dense internal structure, in which a coarse fibrous reticulum was seen. Chemical fractionation of (32)P-labeled purified reticulate bodies showed that they contained three times more ribonucleic acid (RNA) than deoxyribonucleic acid, with the RNA being composed primarily of 21S, 16S, and 4S RNA. No infectivity of purified reticulate bodies could be demonstrated.     

Purification of membranes and identification of phase-specific proteins of the dimorphic pathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum

Plasma membrane vesicles from the yeast and mycelial phases of Histoplasma capsulatum have been purified and characterized. The method of purification involved differential centrifugation of ballistically fractured cells followed by sedimentation through discontinuous sucrose density gradient and equilibrium centrifugation. Purity of the preparation was assessed by electron microscopy. The protein composition of the membrane preparations from the yeast and mycelial phases of the fungus was analyzed by polyacrylamide gels. A comparison of the two morphologic phases revealed quantitative and qualitative differences in the expressions of several membrane-specific proteins. Physical differences in the appearance of the membranes were also observed by electron micrography of membrane preparations. Alteration in membrane fluidity may be one of the many causes for differences in the appearance of membrane vesicles in the two phases.     

Presence of Active Hatching Enzyme in the Secretory Granule of Prehatching Medaka Embryos

Secretory granules of hatching gland were isolated from a 0.3 M sucrose homogenate of whole medaka embryos at prehatching stage by differential centrifugation, followed by a Percoll density gradient centrifugation. The obtained preparation was almost free of melanosomes and composed exclusively of the secretory granules of hatching gland (hatching enzyme granules), as judged by morphological as well as enzymological criteria.
The aqueous extracts of the purified secretory granules showed a specific choriolytic activity as high as about 40 times that of a partially purified secretory granule preparation, P_1,000, and represented a single protein band with molecular weight of about 21,000 on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was also revealed that a major component of the hatching enzyme preparation (P II–0.3 enzyme, 13) purified from the hatching liquid was identical with the 21,000 molecular weight band.
These results suggest that the hatching enzyme is present in the secretory granules of prehatching embryos in an active molecular form.     

Preparation and Chemical Composition of the Cell Walls of Mature Infectious Dense Forms of Meningopneumonitis Organisms

Relatively large-scale production and purification of meningopneumonitis organisms was developed for chemical and immunological studies on cell walls of the infectious dense forms. By disruption of purified organisms with glass beads in a Mickle shaker, highly purified preparations of cell walls were obtained by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, enzyme digestion, and sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment. The dry-weight recovery of purified cell walls from intact organisms was about 13%. When (32)P-labeled preparations of cell walls were fractionated into acid-soluble, lipid, ribonucleic acid (RNA), deoxyribonucleic (DNA), and residual fractions, about 80% of the (32)P in cell wall preparations was recovered in the phospholipid fraction, which corresponded to about 3% of the total phospholipid in the intact organisms. About 7% of the (32)P in purified cell walls was recovered in the RNA and DNA fractions respectively, but this corresponds to only about 0.4% of the (32)P found in those fractions in intact organisms. From dry-weight determinations, it was calculated that the purified cell wall preparations contained only 0.6% total nucleic acids, and these are probably not true cell wall constituents. These cell walls contained 70 to 75% protein, corresponding to about 14% of the protein in intact organisms. Amino acid analysis of these protein showed the existence of all common amino acids, glucosamine, and galactosamine. However, no muramic acid was detected by the methods employed.     

Preparation of highly purified mitochondria ofNeurospora crassa on a Percoll gradient

Mitochondria isolated from Neurospora crassa were purified by centrifugation in a Percoll density gradient. Enzyme activities and cytochrome differential spectra revealed a high purity of the mitochondria. As compared with a crude mitochondrial fraction the purified mitochondria exhibited a high respiratory activity and a fine ADP/O ratio. Electrophoresis of nucleic acids demonstrated the absence of cytoplasmic rRNA.