四川南充市区红头长尾山雀的巢址选择、繁殖习性与帮手行为

2003年3月~2004年5月在四川省南充市区的校园和公园内对红头长尾山雀(Aegithalosconcinnus)的繁殖生态进行了研究。结果表明,红头长尾山雀在2月上旬开始求偶、配对。2月中旬开始营巢,巢多筑于圆柏、凤尾竹等上,营巢期10~11 d,影响巢址选择主要因素6种。3月初产卵,窝卵数(5.17±0.41)枚;轮流昼夜孵卵,孵卵期为14~15 d;育雏高峰期每日9:00~10:00、16:00~17:00时,育雏期为14 d。从孵卵开始到育雏结束,其中3个巢均有一个帮手,与生殖鸟轮流孵卵和育雏。     

八哥的繁殖观察

于1988年3—7月在陕西省汉中地区勉县铜钱坝乡陈家湾村(东经106°29′,北纬33°06′),对八哥的营巢、产卵、孵化和幼雏的生长发育——包括体重、体长、翅长、嘴峰、跗蹠以及飞羽和尾羽的生长等进行了初步观察。八哥树洞营巢,窝卵数为6,孵化期18天,育雏期约25天。飞羽及复羽的生长约需17—20天。     

红头长尾山雀繁殖习性的初步观察

红头长尾山雀(Aegithalos concinnus)繁殖习性方面的资料,以往记载较少。现将观察结果作一报道,供进一步研究时参考。一、繁殖期观察工作是1956年3-5月在成都北外原昭觉寺内进行的。3月17日发现一个鸟巢内有8只羽毛丰满的雏鸟,受惊后全部飞出巢外。5月12日发现另一巢开始产第一枚卵。由此可以推知,红头长尾山雀在成都地区的繁殖期当为2-6月。另外,从上述雏鸟离巢和5月中旬仍见产卵的情况判断,红头长尾山雀在成都地区,一年内很可能繁殖两次。二、鸟巢工作期间,共发现5个鸟巢(表1),均筑在庭院内的柏树侧枝上,距地高3.08-8.42米。一般呈椭圆(4…     

松鸦的繁殖生态

在安徽合肥紫蓬山区,对松鸦的繁殖生态进行了观察,并研究了雏鸟的生长发育特征。结果表明,松鸦4月初开始营巢,巢筑在阔叶树或针叶树主干顶端枝杈处,巢呈碗状,由细树枝、须根、苔藓和草编织而成。4月中下旬开始产卵,平均每窝产5枚卵,孵化期16－17d,育雏期19d。体重、嘴峰、翅、跗跖、尾、飞羽及飞羽羽缨等形态学参数适合用Logistic曲线方程拟合,对应的拟合方程分别为：W＝120／[1 e^-0.329(t-8.1)]、L=23/[1 e^-0.2011(t-4.5)]、L=107/[1 e^-0.334(t-9.1)]、L=40/[1 e^-0.293(t-4.5)]、L=49/[1 e^-0.377(t-13.7)]、L=76/[1 e^-0.462(t-12.4)]、L=49/[1 e^-0.544(t-17.8)]。曲线的增长率和拐点的参数分析表明,与飞行密切相关的器官在雏鸟发育的后期仍有较大程度的增长,而与取食相关的器官在雏鸟早期就有较大程度的发育。     

甘肃莲花山黑冠山雀繁殖生态的初步研究

2017和2018年每年的4至8月在甘肃莲花山国家级自然保护区,对人工巢箱中黑冠山雀（Periparus rubidiventris）的繁殖生态进行了研究。共悬挂100个巢箱,两年共计招引到15巢黑冠山雀。此外,还记录到4个自然巢,分别位于干枯的糙皮桦（Betula utilise）树洞（1巢）、土坡的缝隙（1巢）和路边水泥护坡的出水管中（2巢）。黑冠山雀雌雄亲鸟共同筑巢,巢内壁为兽毛夹杂少量绒羽,外壁为草茎须根和苔藓。5月中下旬为黑冠山雀的产卵高峰期,清晨产卵,日产1枚,产下最后1枚卵后开始孵卵。平均窝卵数为6枚（4 ~ 7 枚,n = 15）,平均卵重（1.12 ± 0.02）g,卵长径（15.30 ± 0.10）mm,卵短径（12.09 ± 0.11）mm（n = 86）。孵卵由雌鸟承担,孵卵期为15 d（14 ~ 16 d,n = 5）。产卵期,雌鸟离巢时有用巢材盖卵的行为,开始孵卵后则不再盖卵。双亲共同育雏,育雏期为16 d和17 d（n = 2）。所记录的18巢黑冠山雀的繁殖成功率为83.3%,人工巢箱（15巢）中繁殖成功率为86.7%,巢捕食者主要为鼠类。     

四川首次记录粉红椋鸟

1990年6月5日在四川兴文县共乐采到1只雌性粉红椋鸟(Sturnus roseus Linnaeus),为四川省鸟类首次记录。体重65克;体长212、翅长130、尾长71、嘴峰22、跗蹠34毫米。形态额至枕及冠羽、头侧、颏至上胸黑色,并具紫色光泽,颏、喉有白色细纹;其余颈部、翼羽、尾羽及其上下覆羽、腿覆羽黑褐色,次级翅上覆羽、三级飞羽和尾上覆羽较黑     

陕西省鸟类新纪录

1991年2月初在汉中市褒河区发现一只受伤的雌鸟,经鉴定为大麻鸠Botaurusstellaris。据记载,大麻鸠分布在新疆、黑龙江、河北、山东等省。长江流域自四川至江苏、浙江等地为其越冬地。该鸟体重670g,全长650、嘴峰62、翅长310、尾长129、跗蹠100mm。尾羽10枚,中趾长于嘴峰。嘴黄绿,嘴峰黑褐。头顶和后颈棕黑。颈黄白,颏喉具棕色纵纹。上体赭黄棕色,下体棕黄。飞羽棕红,有黑褐色横斑。虹膜黄色,跗蹠深黄绿,爪黑褐。陕西省鸟类新纪录@王中裕$汉中师范学院生物系 @张宏杰$汉中师范学院生物系 @韩曜平$汉中师范学院生物系…     

贵州贵定县境内领雀嘴鹎的繁殖行为观察

2006年4～7月和2007年4～8月,在贵州贵定县境内采用定点观察法对领雀嘴鹎的繁殖行为进行了初步观察.结果 表明,领雀嘴鹎主要栖息于林缘次生林、河岸及斜坡灌丛林.繁殖期为4～8月,巢的结构为3层,营巢期6～8 d,窝卵数2～4枚,孵化期10～12 d,雏鸟留巢13 d.并测量了雏鸟的嘴蜂、跗跖、第5初级飞羽、尾长等的生长数据.     

画眉繁殖生态的研究

本文报道了画眉繁殖生态的有关资料。在陕西秦岭地区,画眉4—7月进行繁殖;雌、雄亲鸟共同营巢,巢多营于上有植物遮盖的地面;每年产卵1窝,每窝4—5枚;仅由雌鸟孵卵,孵化期14—15天;雌、雄共同育雏,哺幼期13天左右。文中对雏鸟的形态变化及雏鸟体重、体长、嘴峰、翅、尾、附蹠的生长,亦作了简要记述。     

蓝矶鸫的生态观察

5—7月为蓝矶鸫的繁殖期,每年繁殖一次;雌、雄共同营巢于地面或堤堰隙缝;满窝卵4—5枚,仅雌性孵卵;雌、雄亲鸟共同育雏,哺幼期15—16天。雏鸟的嘴、翅、跗蹠增长迅速,其量度皆在成鸟的80%以上;体长和尾羽生长较缓,分别为成鸟的54.76%和25.55%。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).