云南中山湿性常绿阔叶林起源的探讨

云南中山湿性常绿阔叶林广泛分布于海拔1800~3400 m的山地,这类常绿阔叶林在生态外貌上具有亚热带常绿阔叶林特征,但其分布生境却是暖温带-温带气候,且植物区系组成与热带植物区系有古老的渊源。该文以研究得比较深入的哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林为例,对其植物区系与其气候条件的不协调进行剖析。哀牢山的中山湿性常绿阔叶林记录了种子植物110科386属821种。在植物区系科的地理成分上,无论是含种数多的科,还是所有科的分布区类型,都是以热带分布科为主,体现了它的远古热带起源背景。在该种子植物区系中,热带分布属占总属数的47.75%,热带分布种占总种数的33.45%,在近代演化上仍体现出明显的热带亲缘特征。按照哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林分布地区的暖温带-温带气候条件,它相当于中国东部的暖温带落叶阔叶林地区。在中国东部地区类似气候条件的地带性植被的植物区系中,热带分布属通常只占总属数的25%~27%,云南中山湿性常绿阔叶林植物区系的地理成分与所在地的温带气候明显不协调。对这种现象的解释,笔者认为结合哀牢山地区曾经是低海拔夷平面,在第四纪以来才迅速抬升形成的地质历史,可能这里曾经在第四纪以前的热带-亚热带性质的植物区系和常绿阔叶林随着地形的迅速抬升,逐渐适应了因海拔上升而形成的温带气候,成为在云南高海拔山地存在的所谓中山湿性常绿阔叶林,其植物区系和植被的热带-亚热带性质及常绿阔叶生态外貌并未因气候改变而发生改变。     

氮、磷添加对不同林型土壤磷酸酶活性的影响

研究了鼎湖山3种森林类型(南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林、马尾松人工林和针叶阔叶混交林)的土壤酸性磷酸单酯酶活性(APA)对施肥的响应情况。在3种林型中分别设置对照、加氮(150 kg N hm-2a-1)、加磷(150 kg P hm-2a-1)以及N和P同时添加(150 kg N hm-2a-1+150 kg P hm-2a-1)4种不同处理。结果表明,季风林土壤APA((15.83±2.46)μmol g-1h-1)显著高于混交林((10.71±0.78)μmol g-1h-1)和马尾松林((9.12±0.38)μmol g-1h-1),且3种林型土壤APA与土壤有效磷含量均呈显著负相关。施加N肥显著提高了季风林土壤APA,而对混交林和马尾松林的作用不显著。施加P肥显著降低了混交林和马尾松林土壤APA,但对季风林的影响不明显。N和P同时添加仅显著降低了马尾松林土壤APA,但在季风林中存在交互作用。因此,N沉降会加剧亚热带成熟林土壤P的限制,可以考虑施加P肥作为森林管理的一种方式来缓解这种限制作用。     

南亚热带不同海拔常绿阔叶林树种叶性状的比较分析

南亚热带地带性植被是季风常绿阔叶林(海拔300～600 m;简称季风林),在中山地带则分布为山地常绿阔叶林(海拔1 000～1 500 m;简称山地林)。山地林的生态价值日益受到重视,但是对其树种的环境适应性仍缺乏足够了解。该研究基于南亚热带典型山地林(广西大明山)和季风林(广东鼎湖山)的固定样地,共测定57种代表性树种的叶形态解剖特征、机械强度和水力学性状,比较不同海拔常绿阔叶林树种叶性状以及多类性状关联性的差异。结果表明,与季风林树种相比,山地林树种叶较厚、比叶面积较小、机械强度较高,有利于提高对较高海拔山区冬季冰冻的适应能力。在2022年夏季持续高温干旱时期,季风林树种的叶水势和水力安全边界均低于山地林。但是大部分树种水力安全边界为正值且种间变异较大,表明不同海拔常绿阔叶林的水力风险较低。不同海拔常绿阔叶林的叶性状网络不同,山地林树种叶水力安全性和效率性无权衡关系,而季风林树种叶经济学性状(如比叶面积)与其他指标的关联性较弱。基于叶性状的研究揭示了南亚热带不同海拔常绿阔叶林树种适应策略的差异性和多样性。     

云南常绿阔叶林的植被地理研究

云南具有极其丰富的生物多样性和以常绿阔叶林为优势的植被类型。该研究利用6个基于样方层面的1 hm²样地资料, 以及通过对整个植被类型的植物区系的调查, 对云南常绿阔叶林植被型的3个植被亚型(季风常绿阔叶林、半湿润常绿阔叶林和中山湿性常绿阔叶林)的生态外貌特征、植物区系组成及其生物地理演化进行了研究。在样方层面, 尽管这3个常绿阔叶林在树种组成上优势种均为壳斗科、樟科和山茶科植物, 但它们在种类组成、多样性、生态外貌和生物地理特征上呈现多样化。分布在南部及西南部的季风常绿阔叶林物种组成极其丰富, 具有热带森林的生态外貌, 并以热带亚洲分布种为优势种。主要分布在云南高原的半湿润常绿阔叶林和云南中部和北部山地的中山湿性常绿阔叶林具有亚热带常绿阔叶林的生态外貌特征和以中国-喜马拉雅及中国特有种占优势, 是中国西南独特的植被类型。在植被亚型层面, 这3个常绿阔叶林的植物区系(包括所有生活型的种子植物)中种数最多的科, 按地理成分均为世界分布型的科, 含种数较少的科则为其他各种分布型的科。半湿润常绿阔叶林和中山湿性常绿阔叶林的植物区系, 热带分布属分别占总属数的44.91%和44.04%, 温带分布属占46.29%和48.19%, 其中北温带分布属比例最高, 分别为18.36%和19.95%。季风常绿阔叶林植物区系则显示了不同的地理成分格局: 热带分布属占总属数的78.05%, 并以热带亚洲分布属占最高比例。通过对这3个常绿阔叶林的比较发现, 半湿润常绿阔叶林和中山湿性常绿阔叶林除生态外貌特征有一定区别外, 在植物区系组成和地理成分上很接近, 它们在种的组成上, 与季风常绿阔叶林的类似性仅为17.1%和15.4%。季风常绿阔叶林因其在植物区系和生态外貌上与后二者区别明显, 建议在云南植被分类上划分一个独立的植被型, 它是东南亚低山常绿阔叶林分布在中国西南部热带北缘山地的一个植被类型。结合云南的地质历史和古植物学资料, 认为云南的常绿阔叶林及其植物区系受晚中新世以来的地质历史事件深刻影响。半湿润常绿阔叶林是中国西南独特而特有种丰富的植被类型, 由于严重的人为干扰破坏, 现已片段化或成为萌生灌丛状, 应给予优先保护。     

哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林乔木碳储量及固碳增量

为了解哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林的乔木碳储量及其固碳增量,利用2005和2008年的植被调查数据,对哀牢山3种主要常绿阔叶林的乔木碳储量及其固碳增量进行了分析。结果表明:原生的中山湿性常绿阔叶林、滇山杨次生林和旱冬瓜次生林的乔木碳储量分别为257.90、222.95和105.39tC·hm-2;中山湿性常绿阔叶林乔木碳储量主要存储在DBH≥91cm的乔木中(34.68%);而次生林的乔木碳储量主要分布在径级21cm≤DBH41cm的乔木中(滇山杨林77.29%;旱冬瓜林69.28%)。由此可见,哀牢山地区原生的中山湿性常绿阔叶林乔木层在碳蓄积方面占主导优势。哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林的3个森林类型乔木层均具有固碳增量,即使是原生的中山湿性常绿阔叶林,其乔木层年平均固碳增量也达2.47tC·hm-2·a-1;次生林乔木层的年平均固碳增量约为原生林的2倍,显示了哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林乔木层具有较强的碳汇增量。初步估算,哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林林区内每年乔木固碳增量为8.52×104tC·a-1。     

哀牢山两类山地森林林冠及林下腐殖质微生物群落比较

中山湿性常绿阔叶林、山顶苔藓矮林是云南哀牢山高海拔山地主要的原生森林植被类型.本文对哀牢山徐家坝地区两类森林林冠及各自林下地表腐殖质的理化特性、微生物组成、数量、生化活性、代谢活性及其季节动态,以及两类森林不同优势树种林冠腐殖质微生物数量及代谢活性进行了研究.结果表明： 两类森林林冠腐殖质的真菌、放线菌的数量、微生物生物量C、N、固氮作用和纤维素分解作用的强度均显著高于林下地表腐殖质;中山湿性常绿阔叶林林冠腐殖质的纤维素分解菌、纤维素分解强度、微生物生物量C、N、有机碳、土壤呼吸强度等指标均显著高于苔藓矮林.在季节变化方面,湿季林冠腐殖质中真菌、细菌及好氧性固氮菌的数量以及呼吸强度均高于干季,放线菌则相反,纤维素分解菌干湿季间差异不显著.两类森林林冠腐殖质微生物数量及生化活性的季节变化幅度均大于林下地表腐殖质.不同树种之间冠层腐殖质的微生物数量差异显著,其中湿季的差异比干季更为明显.林冠层腐殖质的微生物在维系林冠附生植物多样性以及为林冠繁茂的附生植物生长发育提供所需的养分等方面具有重要的生态功能.     

云南哀牢山常绿阔叶林的空间分异及其影响因素

理解物种丰富度在空间上的变化,阐明植物群落组成对生境异质性的响应是群落生态学研究的核心议题之一。与生境异质性有关的生态位分化对植物群落的多样性格局和物种分布具有重要影响。本文以分布在云南哀牢山的4种常绿阔叶林为研究对象,通过对42个森林样地的调查取样,探讨了常绿阔叶林的群落分布和树种丰富度在地形和土壤环境梯度上的变异。结果表明:4种常绿阔叶林的树种组成有显著的差异。季风常绿阔叶林的树种丰富度极显著地高于其他3种类型;中山湿性常绿阔叶林极显著地高于半湿润常绿阔叶林;其他类型之间的差异不显著。非度量多维尺度分析显示,海拔、坡度、土壤含水率及有机质等9个环境梯度是控制森林群落结构和树种分布的主要因素。土壤有效硼、海拔、全钾和凹凸度为树种丰富度的最佳预测变量,累积解释了树种丰富度63.2%的变异。地形和土壤因子一起能够解释哀牢山常绿阔叶林的群落组成和树种丰富度的大部分变异。     

西双版纳热带山地季风常绿阔叶林的群落生态学研究

依据5个25m×20m样地的调查资料, 对西双版纳热带山地的季风常绿阔叶林的群落结构、种类组成、生活型构成、多样性、种面积关系等进行了分析研究,结果显示西双版纳热带山地的季风常绿阔叶林主要由壳斗科、大戟科、茶科和樟科等树种组成; 乔木树种种类丰富,灌木、草本、藤本种类相对较少;随乔木径级的增大,个体/种的数量逐渐减小;群落中以中叶、全缘、革质、非尾尖、常绿植物占优势; 群落种-面积关系曲线在取样面积为1 500m2时开始趋于平缓,意味着该取样面积可以考虑作为群落最小表现面积.     

西双版纳热带雨林和哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林雾特征研究

以西双版纳热带雨林和哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林为研究对象,利用PWS100天气现象仪获取两种森林类型的能见度数据。基于2014年西双版纳热带雨林和哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林的能见度数据,对两种森林类型雾的特征进行定量研究。研究结果表明:(1)西双版纳热带雨林全年雾日数为196 d,占全年的53.7%,哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林全年雾日数为100 d,占全年的27.4%,热带雨林全年雾日数几乎为亚热带常绿阔叶林雾日数的两倍;(2)热带雨林雨季和干季各占28.06%和71.94%,而亚热带常绿阔叶林雨季和干季各占72%和28%;(3)热带雨林一日内雾持续的最长时间为10.5 h,而亚热带常绿阔叶林雾生成和消散时间不定,一日内雾最长持续时间可达24 h,但雾发生的频率低于西双版纳热带雨林。两种森林类型全年雾日特征有明显的差异性,通过定量评价地处过渡带上的两种多雾森林生态系统雾特征,可为未来气候变化对不同森林生态系统碳水交换影响提供数据支撑。     

哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤含水量变化规律及其影响因子

利用ChinaFlux设置在哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林内的通量观测系统的土壤含水量数据,分析了哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林内土壤含水量的时间变化及其影响因子,以期了解哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤含水量特征及其变化规律,为森林固碳能力、潜力和速率研究提供支撑.结果表明:(1)哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林不同深度土壤含水量大致呈单峰曲线分布,各层土壤含水量基本上随着土壤深度的增加而降低,波动范围也逐渐减小,最小值均在3月,最大值集中在7、8、9三个月.(2)0 ～ 100 cm各层深度的土壤含水量在17.7％～39.5％波动,其中100 cm深度的土壤含水量值最低、波动范围最小,总体来看,土壤含水量雨季高于旱季.(3)土壤含水量主要受降雨量、地温和相对湿度等要素的影响(P＜0.05),哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林5 cm深度的土壤含水量最大,约为38％.     

HOT WATER EXTRACTABLE PHOSPHORUS—AN INDICATOR OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PERIDINIUM CINCTUM (DINOPHYCEAE) FROM LAKE KINNERET (ISRAEL)?1

The intracellular levels of hot water extractable and total phosphorus were determined in the dinoflagellate Peridinium cinctum. f. westii (Lemm.) Lef. for natural samples from the bloom in Lake Kinneret and from laboratory cultures. Amounts of phosphorus (P) in the hot water fraction, relative to total cellular phosphorus, were similar in lake Peridinium and in cells grown in high ambient orthophosphate (P_i) media (3–6 mg P · l^?1). The absolute amounts of hot water extractable P in natural cell and those cultured at lower P_i concentrations (0.02–0.05 mg P · 1^?1) were similar, although average P_i in lake water were 4 μg · l^?1. Under most growth conditions the hot water extract contained approximately equal amounts of molybdate reactive phosphorus (MRP) and non-MRP. Short chain (6–9 units) polyphosphates (mol wt 630–950) probably constituted the bulk of the non-MRP pool, which was hydrolysable by alkaline phosphatase and may serve as a precursor for a more permanent P store. Intracellular P levels and distribution were not directly dependent on external P_i concentrations but may be determined by the N:P atomic ratio or overall external ionic milieu. Peridinium grown in low ambient P_i released significant amounts of non-MRP compounds. In Lake Kinneret, for at least most of the bloom period, Peridinium does not appear to be limited by P supply.     

Interferences between root plaque formation and phosphorus availability for isoetids in sediments of oligotrophic lakes

Freshwater isoetids exchanges a high proportion of the photosynthetically produced oxygen over the extensive root system and, therefore, they influence the redox potential (E_h) and phosphorus (P) availability in their sediments. Because isoetids rely on the sediment for P uptake, P may be a key element in controlling the distribution of isoetids. We investigated biomass and P availability to isoetids (Littorella uniflora and Isoetes lacustris) in a transect of five stations across the littoral zone in oligotrophic Lake Kalgaard, Denmark. At the two shallowest stations (0.6 and 1.0 m depth) the redox potential in the low organic rhizosphere sediment was high (>300 mV) and low concentrations of reduced exchangeable iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) compounds in the sediment and of precipitated Fe and Mn oxides on isoetid roots (plaques) were found. The concentration of sediment P pools was low and so was isoetid P content and isoetid biomass. At intermediate water depth (1.8 m) sediment E_h was high (300 mV) and isoetids showed low root plaque concentrations. However, higher concentration of P pools in the rhizosphere was found at 1.8 m and isoetids showed the highest P content and biomass. At deeper stations (2.8 and 4.6 m depth) E_h was low (<100 mV) in the high organic rhizosphere and high concentrations of plaques were found. The P content in the sediment was high, however, isoetids showed low biomass and low P content. We suggest that the low P content in isoetids growing on P rich organic sediments is partly due to inhibition of the P uptake because of adsorption of P to the oxidized Fe and Mn plaques. However, ratios between oxidized Fe and Fe-bound P, 150 for plaques and 40 for sediment, suggest the isoetids are able to access some of the P that is bound in the plaques. The pools of dissolved P in the porewater were 25–1100 times lower than the estimated annual P requirement for net growth of isoetids while solid fraction P pools were 20–260 times higher than the estimated annual P requirement. Clearly, the oxygen release from isoetid roots decreases the availability of P either by keeping the entire rhizosphere oxidized (low organic sediments) or by the formation of root plaques (high organic sediments).     

Phosphorus,nitrogen, and carbon cycling by fish populations in two small lowland rivers in Poland

Amounts of C, P, and N consumed by all fish populations were estimated at 9 sites in two small lowland rivers. They mainly depended on fish density and were: 151.8 (27.9–453.3) kgC ha^–1a^–1, 3.1(0.5–8.8) kgP ha^–1 a^–1, and 30.3 (5.3–89.9) kg N ha^–1 a^–1. To build one kg of each of these elements into their body the fish consumed 7.9 ± 1.7 (% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGak0Jf9crFfpeea0xh9v8qiW7rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabeiEayaara% aaaa!3912!\[{\text{\bar x}}\] ± S.D.) kg of C, 3.1 ± 0.8 kg of P, and 6.6 ± 1.3 kg of N. Thus, phosphorus was assimilated twice more efficiently than carbon and nitrogen. Pools of the three elements, calculated as mean biomass, are: 12.7 (1.2–42.1) kg C ha^–1, 0.7(0.1–2.2) kgP ha^–1, and 3.0 (0.3–9.7) kgN ha^–1 The elements were assimilated especially effectively by young stages of fish.     

A note on chironomids (diptera) of temporary pools in the National Park of Circeo,Central Italy

Preliminary observations on chironomid assemblages in 9 temporary pools of the National Park of Circeo (Central Italy) are reported. A total of 15 genera or species groups (6 Orthocladiinae, 3 Tanypodinae, 1 Tanytarsini and 5 Chironomini) were recorded during March and April, 1986.Psectrotanypus varius, Polypedilum nubeculosum gr.,Chironomus thummi gr. andC. plumosus gr. were the most abundant and frequent taxa in the nine pools. Almost all chironomids collected are eurytopic and widely distributed in Europe, including Italian waters. Only the finding ofGymnometriocnemus is reported in this paper as a new record for Central Italy. Similarity among pools and among taxa (coefficient of Jaccard) shows a major occurrence of aquatic Orthocladiinae in smaller pools and of Chironomini in larger pools. This relationship between chironomid assemblages and pool sizes can be partly related to the duration of the wet phase which affects chironomid species according to their survival strategies.     

Urban rain pools: seasonal dynamics and entomofauna in a park of Buenos Aires

We describe the seasonal variations of the insect community of the rain pools in a park of Buenos Aires during a 1-year period, based on a weekly sampling programme. We also analyse the relationships between the observed biotic patterns and some physical and meteorological variables. Four periods, fairly coincident with the seasons of the year, were graphically identified as functions of temperature, rainfall, flooded area, number of rain pools, depth and taxonomic richness. A total of 45 insect taxa was identified: 18 Coleoptera, 15 Diptera, 9 Heteroptera, 1 Ephemeroptera and 2 Odonata. Culicidae represented 76% of the pooled abundance of insects, probably related to their rapid development before the pools dry up. Taxonomic richness was maximum at the end of the summer (32), in coincidence with maximum rainfalls and temperatures. Inversely, the minimum richness (2) was recorded during the spring drought. Richness was positively correlated to the flooded area and to the number of pools on each sampling date. The species recorded throughout the study period were: Aedes albifasciatus, Culex eduardoi, Culex pipiens, Liodessus sp., Rhantus signatus signatus, Tropisternus setiger, Tropisternus lateralis limbatus and Sigara platensis. Some of the species recorded are considered pioneer in temporary habitats. Both coleopterans and heteropterans are likely to persist in the park through repeated colonisation from more permanent habitats. Habitat duration and flooded area were positively correlated to richness in each one of the rain pools.     

A review of basin morphology and pool hydrology of isolated ponded wetlands: implications for seasonal forest pools of the northeastern United States

Seasonal forest pools (SFPs) are geographically- and hydrologically-isolated ponded wetlands, in that they are topographically isolated from other surface waters. SFPs occur commonly throughout the temperate forests of the eastern United States and adjacent Canada. SFPs are ephemeral in occurrence, typically drying annually. The regular drying of SFPs excludes fish from these habitats, and as a result, they are the preferred breeding habitat of some amphibians, notably ambystomid (‘mole’) salamanders and wood frogs (Rana sylvatica Le Conte). The pools also support a rich and diverse invertebrate fauna. The duration of the wet phase, or hydroperiod of SFPs, has been repeatedly shown to be the dominant influence on the composition and fitness of the faunal community of the pools. Despite the importance of SFP hydrology, it is a poorly studied subject. This paper reviews the limited state-of-knowledge of seasonal forest pool hydrology and associated basin morphology. The review discusses findings from studies of other isolated ponded wetlands that could be applicable to our understanding of the hydrology of SFPs.     

Association mapping for chilling tolerance in elite flint and dent maize inbred lines evaluated in growth chamber and field experiments

Chilling sensitivity of maize is a strong limitation for its cultivation in the cooler areas of the northern and southern hemisphere because reduced growth in early stages impairs on later biomass accumulation. Efficient breeding for chilling tolerance is hampered by both the complex physiological response of maize to chilling temperatures and the difficulty to accurately measure chilling tolerance in the field under fluctuating climatic conditions. For this research, we used genome‐wide association (GWA) mapping to identify genes underlying chilling tolerance under both controlled and field conditions in a broad germplasm collection of 375 maize inbred lines genotyped with 56 110 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). We identified 19 highly significant association signals explaining between 5.7 and 52.5% of the phenotypic variance observed for early growth and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The allelic effect of several SNPs identified for early growth was associated with temperature and incident radiation. Candidate genes involved in ethylene signalling, brassinolide, and lignin biosynthesis were found in their vicinity. The frequent involvement of candidate genes into signalling or gene expression regulation underlines the complex response of photosynthetic performance and early growth to climatic conditions, and supports pleiotropism as a major cause of co‐locations of quantitative trait loci for these highly polygenic traits.     

Regulation of species richness by advection and richness-dependent processes in a coastal fish community

The WWF Oasis of Palo, 38 kms north of Rome, is one of the last remnants of the Mediterranean plain forest formerly covering the coastal areas of Latium. Within this preserved area, nine temporary waterbodies were periodically visited during 2001 to obtain information on their morphology, water cycle and faunal composition. In total, 25 crustacean species were listed and monthly changes in their abundance were recorded. Cladoceran species prevailed in all waterbodies (11 species, 7 genera, 2 families). Copepoda were represented by 8 species, 7 genera, 2 families. Ostracoda included 5 species, 5 genera, 3 families. Anostracans were recorded in only two pools and were represented by Chirocephalus diaphanus Prévost, 1803, the most common species in Italy. Chirocephalus kerkyrensis Pesta, 1936 usually occurring in the waterbodies of the Mediterranean maquis, was missing. Species richness was maximal in late autumn and winter, and correlated positively with pond duration, flooded area, water level and number of rainpools. The species most frequently recorded were Chydorus sphaericus O.F. Müller, 1785 and Daphnia curvirostris Eylmann, 1887 for Cladocera, Megacyclops viridis Jurine, 1820, Diacyclops bicuspidatus odessanus Shmankevitch, 1875 and Mixodiaptomus kupelwieseri Brehm, 1907 for Copepoda, Cyclocypris ovum Jurine, 1820 and Eucypris virens Jurine, 1820 for Ostracoda. Others, like Alona affinis Leydig, 1860, Ceriodaphnia pulchella Sars, 1862 (Cladocera), Macrocyclops albidus Jurine, 1820 (Copepoda), Herpetocypris reptans Baird, 1835 Fabaeformiscandona fabaeformis Fischer, 1854 (Ostracoda) were found in only one pool.