侧条跳树蛙的分布新纪录及其分布区域分析

2008年5月30日,在广东黑石顶自然保护区采集到5只侧条跳树蛙(Chirixalus vittatus),为广东省两栖动物新纪录.通过对侧条跳树蛙分布区域分析,认为十万大山至云开大山之间的山区是侧条跳树蛙在中国大陆的主要分布区,侧条跳树蛙的现代分布属中印半岛-中国南部热湿型.     

背条螳臂树蛙鸣声的繁殖性状替代

繁殖性状替代(RCD)是指为减弱种间的繁殖干扰而产生的性状进化现象。重叠分布的物种通过繁殖性状的分化降低繁殖干扰,维持种间界线,是物种应对种间繁殖干扰的重要策略之一。无尾两栖类的求偶/择偶过程主要依赖声音通讯,本研究以声音通讯为手段研究背条螳臂树蛙Chiromantis doriae鸣声的RCD过程和机制。背条螳臂树蛙和侧条费树蛙Feihyla vittata分别属于树蛙科Rhacophoridae螳臂树蛙属Chiromantis和费树蛙属Feihyla,但二者形态特征相似、繁殖期重叠、鸣声频率接近、求偶信号彼此遮蔽,因此二者间存在一定程度的繁殖干扰。同域/异域背条螳臂树蛙的鸣声特征比较分析结果表明,背条螳臂树蛙的求偶鸣声包含4～8音节,对鸣声提取8项声音特征参数进行主成分分析,得到3个主成分。混合线性模型分析结果表明,反映时域特征及调频特征的主成分PC3在同域/异域分布的种群间的差异有统计学意义,而另2个主成分在同域/异域分布的种群间的差异无统计学意义。为比较同域/异域种群间的音节特征,对音节主频、音节时长和音节间隔3个参数进行混合线性模型分析,结果表明,音节主频和音节时长在同域/异域种群间的差异有统计学意义,音节间隔在同域/异域种群间的差异无统计学意义。总体而言,同域分布的背条螳臂树蛙鸣声频率更低、时长更长、调频更明显,有助于拉大与侧条费树蛙主频高、时长短的单音节鸣声间的差异。背条螳臂树蛙在鸣声特征上存在RCD现象,证明非近缘物种也可产生RCD,拓展了RCD的范围。     

四种无尾两栖动物的核型和银染

本文报道了二种角蟾和二种树蛙的核型和银染ＮＯＲ：无量出角蟾：２ｎ＝２６（２４＋２ＳＭ），５＋８，ＳＣ和Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ位于６ｑ＾ｐｅｒ沙坪角蟾：２ｎ＝２６（１６Ｍ＋８ＳＭ＋２ＳＴ），５＋８，ＳＣ位于１ｑ＾ｐｅｒ，但Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ有二对，分别是ｌｑ＾ｐｅｒ和２ｑ＾ｐｅｒ；黑蹼树蛙：２ｎ＝２６（２４Ｍ＋２ＳＭ），５＋８，ＳＣ和Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ在ｌｐ＾ｉｎｔｅｒ；背条跳树蛙；２ｎ＝１６（１２Ｍ＋４ＳＭ），Ｓ     

湖南省两栖类新纪录——红吸盘棱皮树蛙

<正>红吸盘棱皮树蛙Theloderma rhododiscus隶属树蛙科Rhacophoridae棱皮树蛙属Theloderma,其模式产地在广西金秀大瑶山,分布于福建、广西和越南(费梁等,2009)。目前,该物种栖息地质量下降,种群数量较少(费梁等,2012),已被列为近危物种(NT;IUCN,2004)。John等(2000)在广东南岭国家级自然保护区首次发现了红吸盘棱皮树蛙的蝌蚪和卵,是该物种在广东省的新纪录。曾昭驰等(2017)在江西省也发现了红吸盘棱皮树蛙,并根据该物种在各地区的分布,估算了其在全国的潜在分布     

中国小树蛙属一新种及海南冬季两栖爬行动物调查

20 0 4年 1月在海南省进行了两栖爬行动物调查 ,共获得 2 0种和l新种。在吊罗山采到小树蛙成体 ,与眼斑小树蛙P .ocellatusLiuandHu的体形、体色、鼓膜等特征相近 ,但有以下主要区别 :胫跗关节前伸超过吻端 ,额部有 2～ 3个银白色小斑点 ,背中部有一极明显的浅棕色椭圆形斑 ,腹面黄白色 ,前臂背侧具有 2～ 3条横纹 ,故将该蛙定为新种。     

中国小树蛙属一新种及海南冬季两栖爬行动物调查(图版Ⅰ)

2004年1月在海南省进行了两栖爬行动物调查,共获得20种和1新种。在吊罗山采到小树蛙成体,与眼斑小树蛙P．ocellatus Liuand Hu的体形、体色、鼓膜等特征相近,但有以下主要区别：胫跗关节前伸超过吻端,额部有2～3个银白色小斑点,背中部有一极明显的浅棕色椭圆形斑,腹面黄白色,前臂背侧具有2～3条横纹,故将该蛙定为新种。     

环球动物趣闻

正《蛙骑蜗牛,蝴蝶在后》拍摄地:印度尼西亚一只树蛙遇上一只挡路的蜗牛,它会耐心等待还是直接跨越?都不是。树蛙选择了最懒的办法——爬上"路障"的背,开始缓慢但惬意的顺风车之旅。不过,树蛙在蜗牛身上占的便宜在另一个地方被一只蝴蝶讨回来了。蝴蝶趁一只树蛙不备,悄悄落在它的头上,足足     

广东韶关发现白线树蛙

正2018年9月9日,在广东南岭国家级自然保护区采集到1只树蛙(图1),经鉴定为白线树蛙(Rhacophorus leucofasciatus),雌性亚成体,隶属于无尾目(Anura)树蛙科(Rhacophoridae)树蛙属,为广东省两栖动物分布新记录种(黎振昌等2011)。该标本经无水乙醇浸泡固定后,现保存于中南林业科技大学动物标本室(GDNL2018090901)。     

中国两栖纲树蛙科一新纪录——绿背树蛙

2011年2月和3月在云南省红河州屏边县境内大围山国家级自然保护区采集到绿背树蛙Rhacophorus dorsoviridis Bourret,1937,为中国两栖纲新纪录.主要特征为:外侧3指蹼较发达,介于1/3蹼到1/2蹼之间;后肢较短,前伸贴体时胫跗关节仅达肩部;体背面绿色为主,体侧近胯部和股前后有近椭圆形黑斑;雄性具单咽下内声囊.绿背树蛙与黑点树蛙虽形态相似,但黑点树蛙外侧3指仅具1/4蹼,雄性具单咽下外声囊,喉部皮肤薄而松弛,故其应为关系较近的两个独立种.     

浙江安徽交界处（淳安-黄山）张树蛙属物种归属问题初探

安徽树蛙（Zhangixalus zhoukaiyae）与丽水树蛙（Z. lishuiensis）自发表以来一直存在分类争议。为进一步探讨这两个物种的分类问题,本研究在浙江省和安徽省交界处（浙江淳安-安徽黄山）开展了长期的野外监测,采集到张树蛙属标本5号,并将该5号标本与安徽树蛙及丽水树蛙模式产地标本进行形态学比较和系统发育分析。结果表明,上述5号标本形态差异小,与安徽树蛙及丽水树蛙模式标本进行比较后,未发现显著形态学差异。基于16S rRNA基因的系统发育分析表明,本研究样本与安徽树蛙和丽水树蛙模式标本序列聚成一单系支;本研究样本与安徽树蛙模式标本遗传距离1.3%,与丽水树蛙模式标本遗传距离0.8%。基于本研究的分析结果,进一步厘清了丽水树蛙和安徽树蛙的分类争议,丽水树蛙可能是安徽树蛙的同物异名,它们应为不同的地理种群,彼此之间尚未达到种间差异水平。     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Caprine blood groups. 2. The C,G, H,I, J,K, L,N, and Q systems

Nine blood group systems of goats were identified using 12 caprine reagents produced by absorption of alloimmune antisera. The caprine C blood group system, possibly homologous to the ovine C blood group system, was characterized by two reagents and shown to be controlled by three alleles,C ¹²,C ²⁵, andC ⁻. A more complex blood group system of goats, designated G, was identified using three reagents and shown to be controlled by six codominant alleles (G ^10.19.20,G ^10.19,G ^10.20,G ¹⁰,G ¹⁹,G ²⁰) and a recessive allele (G ⁻). A further seven one-factor two-allelic systems were identified by seven reagents. The nine genetic systems provided exclusion probabilities of 0.479, 0.492, 0.548, and 0.572 in Australian Angora, Dairy, Cashmere, and Texan Angora goat breeds, respectively. This work was supported by a grant from the Australian Stud Book, Alison Road, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia.