绿绒蒿属一中国新记录种——尼东绿绒蒿

中国西藏植物多样性较为丰富,尽管已经进行了多次的植物多样性调查,但仍存在较严重的不均衡现象,部分地区和类群存在采集不足,甚至空白。我们针对西藏日喀则植物多样性调查薄弱区域开展调查,发现一个未记录的绿绒蒿属(Meconopsis Viguier)植物,采集了标本和种子。经查阅《西藏植物志》《中国植物志》、Flora of China、Flora of Nepal鉴定为尼东绿绒蒿(M. dhwojii G. Taylor ex Hay)。该文植物新资料报道如下:(1)尼东绿绒蒿形态描述及其彩色图片。(2)该植物种子微形态、与近似种间的形态差异。新发现丰富了中国绿绒蒿属植物多样性,对研究西藏乃至中国绿绒蒿属植物具有一定的生物地理学意义和潜在的园艺价值。绿绒蒿属分类须加强野外调研,多技术手段开展研究。     

基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术和PLS-DA分析的五个基原绿绒蒿化学成分差异研究CSCD

该研究对不同基原绿绒蒿的化学成分差异与品种分类基础进行了分析。采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)对多刺绿绒蒿、总状绿绒蒿、五脉绿绒蒿、全缘绿绒蒿、红花绿绒蒿共49个批次绿绒蒿药材进行检测,ESI源正、负离子扫描模式,将数据结果导入PeakView 1.2软件,以Formula Finder、Mass Calculators、XIC manager等功能及二级碎片裂解规律进行定性分析,并将定性结果建立已知成分筛查表。将数据代入SIMCA-P 14.1软件中,进行可视化处理,构建主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)及偏最小二乘法-判别分析(partial least squares discrimination-analysis,PLS-DA)数学模型。结果共检测并分析出75种化学成分;PCA及PLS-DA结果表明从所含化学成分的种类角度出发,多刺绿绒蒿和总状绿绒蒿所含的化学成分种类基本一致,能较好聚集,其他3个基原的绿绒蒿所含化学成分种类差异较大。该研究根据现有文献报道,对绿绒蒿属植物化学成分进行汇总,结合质谱裂解规律对各样品中的化学成分进行推测与对比,为绿绒蒿的品种分类鉴别奠定了基础。     

六种绿绒蒿植物元素聚类分析和DCA分析

本文利用湿法消解结合电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定了六种绿绒蒿属药用植物中元素组成及含量,采用PC-ORD数据分析软件对数据进行聚类分析和DCA分析。结果显示,同一元素在不同绿绒蒿样品中显示出不同的含量水平,以含量排序,前6种元素均依次为KCaMgFeAlNa;聚类分析将六种绿绒蒿植物聚为三个类群,即五脉、川西、红花和全缘叶绿绒蒿为第一类群,多刺和总状绿绒蒿分别为第二和第三类群;DCA分析则显示采样点海拔与六种绿绒蒿植物中各元素的富集呈负相关影响,经纬度土壤pH值则与其呈正相关影响。本实验结果可为绿绒蒿属植物资源的深入研究和开发利用提供一定的科学依据。     

四种绿绒蒿属植物中总黄酮含量测定

本文采用比色法测定了4种绿绒蒿属植物中总黄酮的含量,该方法线性关系良好(r2=0.9990),平均回收率为101.56%,精密度和重复性试验RSD分别为2.94%和1.22%,表明本试验的重复性较好。结果显示总黄酮含量以五脉绿绒蒿中最高,全缘和红花绿绒蒿次之,总状绿绒蒿中最低,4种药材总黄酮含量的变化与其用途差异基本吻合,与藏医用药品次习惯较为相符。本实验结果可以为绿绒蒿属药用植物资源的深入研究和开发利用提供一定的理论依据。     

中国绿绒蒿属具盘绿绒蒿亚属小志北大核心CSCD

经查阅文献、植物标本、植物图片库，结合野外调研，认为中国不产毛盘绿绒蒿(Meconopsis discigera Prain)。《西藏植物志》《中国植物志》及Flora of China记载的毛盘绿绒蒿均为错误鉴定。中国绿绒蒿属具盘绿绒蒿亚属(M. subgen.Discogyne G. Taylor)有4种，分别是毛瓣绿绒蒿(M.torquata Prain)、吉隆绿绒蒿(M.pinnatifolia C. Y. Wu&H. Chuang ex L. H. Zhou)、康顺绿绒蒿(M.tibetica Grey-Wilson)和不丹绿绒蒿(M.bhutanica Tosh. Yoshida&Grey-Wilson),其中不丹绿绒蒿是中国西藏新记录种。本文对国产4种具盘绿绒蒿亚属植物地理分布及形态学特征进行重新梳理。     

藏药绿绒蒿的品种研究

本文对藏医应用的绿绒蒿属植物进行调查,确认一些习用品和代用品原植物基源。为进一步合理开发和保护藏药资源提供科学依据。     

中国绿绒蒿属新资料

吉隆沟是喜马拉雅西部最大的水汽通道,水热条件好,地形地貌多样,孕育了丰富的植物多样性。该文报道了在西藏吉隆县发现的中国绿绒蒿属2个中国新记录种——秋花绿绒蒿(Meconopsis autumnalis P. Egan)、美花绿绒蒿(Meconopsis bella Prain)以及1个发表后再次记录到的物种——心叶绿绒蒿［Meconopsis polygonoides (Prain) Prain］。文中提供了形态特征描述、分布及生境,并简要说明了与近似种的区别。该发现丰富了中国西藏植物区系,为中国绿绒蒿属研究提供了新资料。结合过往的调查,作者认为吉隆县的植物多样性调查应减少传统吉隆县沿吉隆藏布到吉隆镇的过度采集,建议向吉隆口岸及两侧深入采集。     

绿绒蒿属一新变种

报道了绿绒蒿属一新变种,即椭圆叶红花绿绒蒿(MeconopsispuniceaMaxim.var.ellipticaZ.J.Cui etY.Sh.Lian)。     

四川绿绒蒿属二新种

该文描述了自四川西北部发现的罂粟科绿绒蒿属二新种:肋蕊绿绒蒿,可能与拉萨绿绒蒿近缘,区别特征为其叶片较狭,全缘,子房具4条纵肋; 以及狭瓣绿绒蒿,此种可能与川西绿绒蒿近缘,区别特征为其叶片较小,无毛,花瓣呈条状倒披针形。     

陕西绿绒蒿属一新变种

本文发表了绿绒蒿属一新变种,即光果五脉绿绒蒿Meconopsis quintuplinervia Regel var.glabra M.C.Wang et P.H.Yang。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。