朝鲜介蕨孢子周壁发育的研究

利用光镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对朝鲜介蕨[Dryoathyrium coreanum(Christ)Tagawa=Lunathyrium coreanum(Christ)Ching]孢子周壁的发育规律进行了研究。结果表明,朝鲜介蕨孢子两侧对称,单裂缝,表面具粗大的脊状褶皱,褶皱形成网状或拟网状纹饰。孢壁包括内壁、外壁和周壁。孢子外壁表面光滑,在四分孢子时期就已发育成熟。四分孢子分离后,周壁开始形成,周壁来源于孢子囊的绒毡层,是由原质型绒毡层的残余物在外壁上沉积而成。成熟的周壁很厚,可分为外层和内层。周壁内有大的空腔,主要是由周壁外层向外隆起形成的,隆起进而形成了孢子的脊状褶皱和表面纹饰。     

中国蕨类植物孢子形态的研究IV. 金星蕨科2

利用扫描电镜对中国产金星蕨科Thelypteridaceae 14属50种植物孢子形态进行了研究。孢子单裂缝,两侧对称,极面观为椭圆形、阔椭圆形或近圆形,赤道面观为肾形或圆形。极轴长为16.8-40.5 um,赤道轴长为12.8-58 um。根据表面纹饰,孢子可分为7种类型。(1)平滑:周壁表面光滑,少纹饰,如延羽卵果蕨Phegopteris decursive-pinnata。(2)网状纹饰:周壁外层形成绳索状条纹交织成网,如紫柄蕨属Pseudophegopteris。(3)环状纹饰:周壁外层形成由绳索状丝构成的环,排列在周壁表面呈网状、不规则网状或分散的网状。如方秆蕨属Glaphyropteridopsis和针毛蕨属Macrothelypteris的针毛蕨M. oligophlebia。(4)具流苏的翅状纹饰:周壁向外形成薄片状翅,翅的边缘流苏状或具齿,片连接成网状或拟网状。如金星蕨属Parathelypteris的海南金星蕨P. subimmersa、光脚金星蕨P. japonica、钝角金星蕨P. angulariloba,钩毛蕨属Cyclogramma的耳羽钩毛蕨C. auriculata,针毛蕨属Macrothelypteris的大部分种类和毛蕨属Cyclosorus的部分种类。(5)具穿孔的脊状纹饰:周壁向外形成高或低、窄或宽的脊状纹饰连接成网状或拟网状,脊上具大小不一的穿孔。如金星蕨属、龙津蕨属Mesopteris、凸轴蕨属Metathelypteris和卵果蕨P. connectilis。(6)鸡冠状纹饰:周壁形成的短翅或短的片状脊,呈鸡冠状。如毛蕨属Cyclosorus的大部分种类。(7)刺状纹饰:周壁表面形成各种刺状纹饰,如茯蕨属Leptogramma、圣蕨属Dictyocline、沼泽蕨属Thelypteris、普通假毛蕨Pseudocyclosorus subochthodes、钩毛蕨属的大部分种类和毛蕨属Cyclosorus的部分种类。根据孢子形态特征,对本科的一些属的关系进行了探讨。     

中国蕨类植物孢子形态的研究Ⅲ.金星蕨科1.毛蕨属

利用扫描电镜对中国产毛蕨属51种植物孢子形态进行了研究。结果表明：该属孢子为单裂缝,两侧对称,极面观为椭圆形,赤道面观为肾形,由周壁形成表面纹饰。表面纹饰可分为3种类型：(1)周壁具流苏状的翅状纹饰,表面有突起或穿孔,有19种属于此类型;(2)鸡冠状纹饰,有11种属于此类型;(3)刺状纹饰,有10种属于此类型。另外有11种具有上述纹饰的混合纹饰,被认为是中间类型。孢子的形态特征可作为该属的分类学和孢粉学研究的资料。     

中国蕨类植物孢子形态的研究Ⅷ.岩蕨科

利用扫描电镜对中国产岩蕨科(Woodsiaceae)3属18种植物孢子进行了观察。结果表明,孢子单裂缝,两侧对称,极面观为椭圆形或宽椭圆形,赤道面观为半圆形或超半圆形;极轴长32～50μm,赤道轴长43～61μm;外壁表面光滑,由周壁形成孢子表面纹饰的轮廓,根据表面纹饰,孢子可分为5种类型:(1)片状纹饰:周壁表面形成疏密不一的片状褶皱,并连成网状;(2)脊状纹饰:周壁表面形成脊状褶皱,并连成网状;(3)翅脊状纹饰:周壁表面具脊状褶皱,并连成网状,脊的顶端具流苏状不明显的低翅;(4)翅状纹饰:周壁外层形成翅状纹饰,翅的边缘较薄;(5)丝毛状纹饰:周壁结构疏松,由细丝交织成立体网状。上述孢粉学特征表明,岩蕨科是一个自然的类群,其3属的亲缘关系较近,都是岩蕨科的合理成员。     

中国蕨类植物孢子形态的研究 Ⅱ. 中国蕨科

利用扫描电镜对国产中国蕨科Sinopteridaceae植物9属61种6变种的孢子进行了观察。结果表明,该科植物的孢子可分为3种类型：(1)孢子球形,三裂缝;周壁较厚,疏松地包在孢子之外;外壁光滑,表面纹饰由周壁形成,呈网状、嵴状、刺状或皱状。除金粉蕨属Onychium和珠蕨属Cryptogramma外,该科其他属的植物都具此类型孢子。(2)孢子钝三角形,三裂缝;周壁较薄,由周壁和外壁共同形成表面轮廓,表面具疣状或颗粒状纹饰。具此类型孢子的只有珠蕨属。(3)孢子钝三角形,三裂缝,沿裂缝两侧各有一脊状隆起或瘤状纹饰;周壁薄,由外壁形成表面纹饰的基本轮廓;具赤道环、近极脊和远极脊。具此类型孢子的只有金粉蕨属。另外,从孢粉学的角度对该科的分类和系统演化进行了探讨。     

秦岭耳蕨属孢子形态研究

本文在经典分类基础上,就秦岭地区常见的7种耳蕨属(Polystichum)植物,采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜,对其孢子形态进行了系统的观察。在扫描电镜下,从形态和周壁纹饰上可将孢子分为两种类型:一种是周壁具明显的褶皱,其表面分布稀疏或较密集的小瘤状或小疣状突起,无穿孔;另一种周壁较薄,褶皱具明显穿孔,穿孔大小及形状不一致,周壁表面有颗粒状或小刺状突起。研究表明,孢子形态、周壁纹饰在种间具有明显差异,从而可为本属种间分类提供孢粉学依据。     

中国蹄盖蕨属植物孢子形态的研究

利用扫描电子显微镜对我国产蹄盖蕨属44种植物的孢子进行了观察。结果表明,该属孢子形态为单裂缝,两侧对称,极面观为椭圆形,赤道面观为豆形。外壁表面光滑,由周壁形成表面纹装饰。根据周壁的结构和表面纹饰,可分为两种类型;一是周壁外层发达,形成粗大的脊状纹饰,有11种属此类型;二是周壁外层很薄或不完全发育,由周壁内层或中层形成表面纹饰,有33种属此类型纹饰。本文还就本属的孢子形态特征以及与本属的属下分类关系、本属与邻近属的关系等进行了讨论。     

薄鳞蕨属(中国蕨科)植物的孢子形态研究

对薄鳞蕨属5种3变种的孢子形态进行了光镜和扫描电镜观察。该属植物的孢子明显地分为两种类型：薄叶薄鳞蕨和杜氏薄鳞蕨的孢子为近球形,周壁为鸡冠状或拟网状纹饰;而华北薄鳞蕨、华西薄鳞蕨和绒毛薄鳞蕨的孢子为四面体状球形,周壁表面近光滑。第一种类型的孢子也存在于粉背蕨属,因此薄鳞蕨属和粉背蕨属的关系仍需进一步的研究。     

中国蕨类植物孢子形态的研究 Ⅵ . 凤尾蕨科

利用扫描电镜对国产凤尾蕨科( Pteridaceae ) 2 属30 种4 变种植物孢子进行了观察。其中凤尾蕨属( Pteris) 29 种4 变种, 孢子三裂缝, 辐射对称; 极面观为钝三角形, 赤道面观为半圆形或超半圆形; 孢子极轴长26～54μm, 赤道轴长34～97μm; 外壁厚, 形成孢子表面纹饰的轮廓; 周壁薄, 紧贴于外壁上; 多数种类孢子外壁具沿赤道加厚的赤道环, 孢子表面呈瘤块状、疣块状, 或隆起的脊连成网状或拟网状等纹饰, 有的种类具近极脊和远极脊。凤尾蕨属植物孢子的形态稳定, 种间差异明显, 但孢子形态特征与孢子体的形态特征是不相关的。栗蕨属( Histiopteris) 植物孢子为单裂缝, 两侧对称, 极面观椭圆形, 赤道面观豆形; 孢子极轴长22～23μm, 赤道轴长29～36μm; 周壁很薄, 由外壁形成孢子纹饰的轮廓; 表面呈粗的块状纹饰。从孢子形态上看, 栗蕨属与凤尾蕨属有很大差异, 将其放在一个科中不合适。     

中国蕨类植物孢子形态的研究Ⅵ.凤尾蕨科

利用扫描电镜对国产凤尾蕨科(Pteridaceae)2属30种4变种植物孢子进行了观察。其中凤尾蕨属(Pteris)29种4变种,孢子三裂缝,辐射对称;极面观为钝三角形,赤道面观为半圆形或超半圆形;孢子极轴长26~54μm,赤道轴长34~97μm;外壁厚,形成孢子表面纹饰的轮廓;周壁薄,紧贴于外壁上;多数种类孢子外壁具沿赤道加厚的赤道环,孢子表面呈瘤块状、疣块状,或隆起的脊连成网状或拟网状等纹饰,有的种类具近极脊和远极脊。凤尾蕨属植物孢子的形态稳定,种间差异明显,但孢子形态特征与孢子体的形态特征是不相关的。栗蕨属(Histiopteris)植物孢子为单裂缝,两侧对称,极面观椭圆形,赤道面观豆形;孢子极轴长22~23μm,赤道轴长29~36μm;周壁很薄,由外壁形成孢子纹饰的轮廓;表面呈粗的块状纹饰。从孢子形态上看,栗蕨属与凤尾蕨属有很大差异,将其放在一个科中不合适。     

SPORE MORPHOLOGY IN THE CYATHEACEAE. II. THE GENERA LOPHOSORIA,METAXYA, SPHAEROPTERIS,ALSOPHILA, AND NEPHELEA

Scanning electron microscopy and transmitted light microscopy are used in a palynological study of Lophosoria, Metaxya, Sphaeropteris, Alsophila, and Nephelea of the tree fern family Cyatheaceae. The monotypic American genera Lophosoria and Metaxya each have a unique spore morphology which reinforces the taxonomic distinctness of these genera as indicated by their other characters. All investigated paleotropical species of Sphaeropteris develop a single type of perine characterized by coarse, pointed projections. In the neotropics, the Sphaeropteris horrida group shares this perine type, whereas all other neotropical Sphaeropteris species appear to have a different kind of perine with fine hair-like processes. The exine in paleotropical Sphaeropteris appears uniformly unsculptured, whereas in the neotropics several exine morphologies are found. In Alsophila all investigated neotropical species and the vast majority of the paleotropical species are characterized by a basically ridged perine morphology and an unsculptured exine. In several paleotropical Alsophila species, however, a perine with hair-like processes similar to those in neotropical Sphaeropteris is found, and the exine in several species is variously pitted. In at least one paleotropical Alsophila species, the porate exine morphology is indistinguishable from that in the neotropical genus Cnemidaria. The spores of the American genus Nephelea are similar to those of the majority of Alsophila species in ridged perine morphology and unsculptured exine. Several new instances of atypical spore numbers per sporangium are reported in Sphaeropteris and Alsophila. These and the palynological data are discussed in a taxonomic framework. The spore morphology in these genera is consistent with Tryon's recent generic revision of the family.     

直立介蕨是假蹄盖蕨属的成员

对直立介蕨Dryoathyrium erectum (Z. R. Wang) W. M. Chu &; Z. R. Wang与介蕨属Dryoathyrium、假蹄盖蕨属Athyriopsis的叶、毛、孢子囊群和孢子的形态进行了比较研究。直立介蕨叶轴和羽轴上的沟槽不明显、具有单列细胞的节状毛、孢子囊群有双生一脉, 以及孢子的形态等特征与假蹄盖蕨属植物相似。结合叶绿体DNA trnL-F区序列分析结果, 所有形态及分子资料均表明该种植物应属于假蹄盖蕨属, 应恢复其原名直立假蹄盖蕨Athyriopsis erectum Z. R. Wang。     

甘蓝型油菜珠孔与胚囊的超微结构研究

甘蓝型油菜的外珠孔基本上为开放结构,内珠孔为闭合结构。胚囊成熟时反足细胞已退化,仅由二个助细胞、一个卵细胞、与一个中央细胞组成。助细胞极性不明显,二个助细胞在花粉管到达前均显示同等退化迹象。卵细胞极性明显。中央细胞中含结构独特的质体。受精前,卵与中央细胞的质膜之间含有特殊的电子致密物质。     

Spore morphology of pteridophytes from China Ⅲ. Thelypteridaceae 1. Cyclosorus Link.

Spore morphology of 51 species of Cyclosorus in the Thelypteridaceae from China was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The spores are monolete, bilaterosymmetric, ellipsoidal in polar view, and kidney-shaped in equatorial view. On the basis of the variation in their surface ornamentation, the spores fall into three main types. Type I: The surface of spores is echinate or perforate with fimbriate wings. 19 species belong to this type. Type Ⅱ: The surface of spores is cristate. 11 species belong to this type. Type Ⅲ: The surface of spores is echinulate. 10 species belong to this type. The remaining 11 species have spores with mixed surface ornamentation of the above three types, which are considered as intermediate types. The results are valuable for a better understanding of the taxonomy and palynology of the genus Cyclosorus.     

SPORE MORPHOLOGY IN THE CYATHEACEAE. III. THE GENUS TRICHIPTERIS

Scanning electron microscopy supported by light microscopic L-O analysis is used in a palynological study of the genus Trichipteris of the tree fern family Cyatheaceae. The spores of all but two of the 55 species are investigated and the results are related to previous findings for Trichipteris species in the literature. A perine layer consisting of a network of slender, smooth- or rough-textured interlocking strands with free ends uniformly characterizes the genus and is the same as the perine type previously reported in neotropical species of Sphaeropteris excluding the S. horrida group. The exine is analyzed both in spores which have not yet developed the perine layer and in spores whose perine has been removed by chemical treatment. Exine sculpturing shows great variation in the genus, ranging from essentially psilate to variously pitted (foveolate, foraminate), with topography ranging from plane to verrucate-tuberculate, and with the verrucae-tubercles themselves often variously pitted. In many instances, exine sculpturing types correlate with the infrageneric species groupings or affinities hypothesized by the recent monographers. In other cases, palynological characters offer new insight into species relationships that were previously unclear to monographers or that were interpreted differently on the basis of other characters. The exine sculpturing types reinforce the relationship evident between Trichipteris and neotropical Sphaeropteris on the basis of perine morphology.     

Studies in the Spore Morphology of Vittaria Smith

The spore morphology of 32 species of Vittaria Smith has been described. Spores are ellipsoidal or long ellipsoidal in polar view, and kidney-shaped in equatorial view, (18.2–65) × (39–110.5) × (19.5–52)μ in size, monolete, without perine. The stratification of exine which is generally 1.9–2.6 μ in thickness is distinct or indistinct. When it is distinct, the sexine is thicker than the nexine. The exine is generally orna- mented with indistinct granulose or vague sculpture, and with small verrucae in three species. In some species, there is a striate texture on the surface of the exine. As far as it goes, it is a very interesting phenomenon that has not been mentioned elsewhere in the literature of palynology. According to the references, the spores are trilete in a few species of this genus. But it is only monolete in our investigated meterial. Because the gross-morphology of plant in these genera of Vittariaceae is very similar to one anther, we raise the quastion whether the few species which have trilete spores really belong to this genus or to the other genus of Vittariaceae which have trilete, it may be further considered. On the basis of the spore types, Vittariaceae (E. B. Copeland, 1948) may be divided into two groups the one belongs to monolete spore type, and the other to trilete spore type. Based on morphology and anatomy of the plant, R. C. Ching (1940) separated out some genera which have trilete from Vittariaceae to establish a new family– Antrophyaceae, it is valuable to further exploration.     

Studies on Spore Morphology of Some Chinese Sphagnum L

The spores of 5 species and 1 subspecies of Sphagnum in China were examined under LM and SEM, and one of them under TEM. All of the above spores are radial symmetrical, tetrahedral, rounded-triangular in polar view and 36.1-55.7 μm in diameter. Among them, the size of the spores of S. cuspidatum is the largest. Trilete is distinct, narrow and slightly curved, ca. 1/3-1/2 of the spore radius, margo very distinct under SEM, perine with gemmae and verrucae. The sporoderm of Sphagnum contains perine, exine and intine. On the basis of spore morphology, the point of view that Sphagnum is a primitive genus in mosses is supported. In sporo-pollen analysis the spores of Sphagnum are easily confused with some spores of ferns.     

东北蕨类植物配子体发育的研究Ⅴ.球子蕨科

本文研究了球子蕨科的荚果蕨(Matteuccia struthiopteris(L.)Todaro)和球子蕨(Onoclea sensibilis L.)的配子体的发育, 比较了该两种的特征, 并在扫描电镜下观察了其三维结构。