亚心形扁藻多糖的提取分离纯化及组成研究

以实验室培养的亚心型扁藻为原料,热水提取扁藻多糖。多糖经加热除蛋白、乙醇分级、Sephadex G-50柱层析等一系列纯化步骤后,得到一扁藻多糖(简称PPSc-1)。PPSc-1经醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳和SephadexG-100柱层析的纯度鉴定,组分均一。将多糖PPSc-1用三氟乙酸全水解,然后进行HPAEC-PAD分析,结果表明组成该多糖的单糖为D-半乳糖、D-2-氨基葡萄糖、D-阿拉伯糖、D-鼠李糖和3种未知单糖。各种已知单糖的摩尔比是D-半乳糖∶D-2-氨基葡萄糖∶D-阿拉伯糖∶D-鼠李糖=59.64∶40.9∶18∶1。     

苦豆子多糖的分离纯化及初步结构北大核心CSCD

本文研究了苦豆子多糖的分离纯化以及初步结构。采用水溶醇沉方法提取粗多糖,然后通过离子交换层析分离纯化,采用高效凝胶渗透色谱、气相色谱、紫外吸收以及红外吸收光谱对多糖组分进行分析研究。获得苦豆子多糖相对分子质量均一性组分SPN和SPA,测得其平均相对分子质量分别为1.217×106Da和4.412×105Da,二者均不含蛋白质,且都具有红外的多糖特征吸收峰,其单糖组成(质量比)分别为阿拉伯糖∶木糖∶甘露糖∶葡萄糖∶半乳糖=7.90∶11.24∶86.24∶18.81∶16.89、鼠李糖∶阿拉伯糖∶木糖∶甘露糖∶葡萄糖∶半乳糖=1.50∶5.80∶1.72∶20.10∶1.64∶27.20。本文为苦豆子多糖的进一步研究开发提供理论依据。     

苦豆子多糖的分离纯化及初步结构

本文研究了苦豆子多糖的分离纯化以及初步结构。采用水溶醇沉方法提取粗多糖,然后通过离子交换层析分离纯化,采用高效凝胶渗透色谱、气相色谱、紫外吸收以及红外吸收光谱对多糖组分进行分析研究。获得苦豆子多糖相对分子质量均一性组分SPN和SPA,测得其平均相对分子质量分别为1.217×106Da和4.412×105Da,二者均不含蛋白质,且都具有红外的多糖特征吸收峰,其单糖组成(质量比)分别为阿拉伯糖∶木糖∶甘露糖∶葡萄糖∶半乳糖=7.90∶11.24∶86.24∶18.81∶16.89、鼠李糖∶阿拉伯糖∶木糖∶甘露糖∶葡萄糖∶半乳糖=1.50∶5.80∶1.72∶20.10∶1.64∶27.20。本文为苦豆子多糖的进一步研究开发提供理论依据。     

极大螺旋藻胞内多糖分离纯化及其结构的初步分析

本文以原产于非洲乍得湖的极大螺旋藻 (Spirulinamaxima)为材料 ,热水提取胞内粗多糖 ,丙酮、乙醚脱水脱色 ,再经改良的Sevag等方法脱蛋白 ,获得胞内多糖半精品 (Intracellularpolysaccharide ,IPSⅠ ) ,经DE 5 2、SephadexG 10 0层析柱纯化 ,得到两种单一组分的多糖精品 :IPSⅡA和IPSⅡB。利用HPLC、IR等方法测定其初步结构。结果显示 :IPSⅡA的平均分子量为 2 38,0 0 0Dt,主要单糖组成为L 岩藻糖、L 鼠李糖、D 木糖、D 半乳糖 (摩尔比为 6 .0 9∶3.38∶0 .6 6∶0 .0 72 ) ,硫酸根含量为 2 6 .3± 3.7μg/mg ,糖醛酸含量约为 13.37± 0 .4 5 μg/mg ;IPSⅡB的平均分子量为 34,90 0Dt ,主要单糖组成包括D 木糖、L 鼠李糖、D 果糖、D 葡萄糖、L 岩藻糖、D 甘露糖 (摩尔比为 6 .6 6∶4 .6 3∶0 .2 8∶0 .12∶0 .0 87∶0 .0 2 2 ) ,糖苷键构型以α型为主 ,硫酸根含量为2 1.5± 1.2 μg/mg。     

宁夏不同地区灵武长枣果实多糖的单糖成分分析

以宁夏4个不同地区(灵武、中宁、青铜峡、银川)成熟期的灵武长枣果实为研究对象,经水提醇沉法提取,采用DEAE-cellulose52和HW-55S分离纯化,并利用GC-MS法进行多糖的单糖组成分析。结果表明:多糖提取率最高的是灵武地区,达到1.795%;分离纯化后,4个地区的长枣多糖各得到1个中性(Ju-0)和3个酸性组分(Ju-1、Ju-2、Ju-3),其中Ju-2含量最高;GC-MS分析可知灵武长枣多糖含有阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖、核糖、岩藻糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸10种单糖,不含果糖,以阿拉伯糖、核糖、半乳糖和2种糖醛酸为主,木糖含量最低。各地区多糖的单糖组成、含量各不相同,从各组分来看,四个地区多糖的Ju-0和Ju-1组分组成均以阿拉伯糖、核糖、半乳糖为主,四个地区多糖的组成差异主要在于Ju-2和Ju-3组分。从各地区单糖总量来看,灵武地区是阿拉伯糖含量最高,中宁、青铜峡、银川地区以葡萄糖醛酸含量为最高。     

金丝小枣多糖ZP3c的分离纯化及其组成分析

经DEAE-SepharoseCL-6B、SepharoseCL-6B和Sephadex G-200柱层析,得到一个均一的金丝小枣多糖组分(ZP3c).ZP3c的中性单糖是由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖和半乳糖组成,其摩尔比为1:2.13:19.3.经红外光谱测定,ZP3c的酯化度为41.85%.     

爪哇曲壳藻亚缢变种胞外多聚物提取方法及其化学组成研究

优化了爪哇曲壳藻亚缢变种(Achnanthes javanica var. subconstricta)胞外多聚物提取方法并分析了其化学组成。结果表明, 使用0.3 mol/L的碳酸氢钠提取时间为2.53h可充分提取非水溶性胞外多聚物而不会破碎细胞, 是最优的提取方法。爪哇曲壳藻亚缢变种胞外多聚物多糖占80%以上, 蛋白质占16%19%, 不含脂类。水溶性多糖的单糖组分摩尔比为: 岩藻糖:半乳糖:葡萄糖:甘露糖:木糖:鼠李糖=2.47:2.13:1:0.69:0.57:0.46,而非水溶性多糖的单糖组分摩尔比为: 半乳糖:岩藻糖:木糖:葡萄糖:甘露糖:鼠李糖=3.56:2.73:1.30:1:0.67:0.57。     

不同碳源对干酪乳杆菌LC2W胞外多糖组成影响的研究

运用紫外光谱、红外光谱、HPLC和气相色谱对葡萄糖和乳糖两种碳源获得的胞外多糖(EPS)单一组分G1、G2和L1、L2的结构进行了初步分析。结果显示不同碳源对EPS的分子结构、分子量和单糖组成都有影响。紫外光谱分析都不含蛋白和核酸;红外光谱分析G1、G2和L1、L2均呈现多糖的特征峰,但波形、特征吸收波段、波峰强度有些差异;HPLC测定G1、G2、L1和L2的平均分子量分别为6.65×105Da、1.01×104Da、2.25×106Da和1.36×104Da;气相色谱分析G1、G2和L1、L2的主要单糖组成摩尔比分别为:鼠李糖∶葡萄糖∶半乳糖=3.07∶3.29∶1;鼠李糖∶葡萄糖∶半乳糖=2.84∶6.4∶1;甘露糖∶葡萄糖∶半乳糖=17.24∶6.03∶1;甘露糖∶葡萄糖∶半乳糖=28.71∶5.98∶1。     

超滤分离和鉴定三种香菇多糖

用热水从香菇子实体中浸提出香菇多糖,采用两种超滤陶瓷膜将粗多糖分级成三部分Le1,Le2和Le3。所有的这三种多糖都由两组分所组成,采用凝胶过滤色谱测定了多糖分子量,13CNMR和IR光谱测定显示多糖Le1为含α糖甙键的多糖,多糖Le3为含β糖甙键的多糖。采用气相色谱法测定了三种多糖的单糖组成,结果显示三种多糖都由葡糖糖,阿拉伯糖,木糖,甘露糖和半乳糖组成,Le1,Le2和Le3中阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖的摩尔比分别为0.15∶0.52∶1.00∶1.20∶7.20、0.21∶0.68∶1.00∶1.02∶11.56、0.29∶0.42∶1.00∶0.85∶16.20。三种多糖Le1,Le2和Le3的平均分子量分别为4.02×104、2.16×105和8.93×105。     

蹄叶槖吾叶多糖提取工艺优化及单糖组成研究

采用水提醇沉法提取蹄叶槖吾叶粗多糖,通过单因素试验和Box-Benhnken法优化该多糖的提取工艺。结果表明:蹄叶槖吾叶粗多糖的最佳提取工艺为:料液比1∶20(g/m L)、提取温度90℃、提取时间2 h、提取3次,提取率为8.76%;通过红外光谱扫描检测其特征基团,并应用高效液相色谱技术对已脱除蛋白的多糖结构进行初步鉴定,得到其单糖组成为半乳糖醛酸∶鼠李糖∶半乳糖∶阿拉伯糖∶甘露糖∶葡萄糖∶葡萄糖酸∶岩藻糖=43.5∶6.0∶23.6∶11.5∶6.3∶5.4∶1.6∶0.9。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.