内生细菌252和254对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响

以‘周麦18’为试验材料,采用盆栽法设置盐胁迫、盐胁迫下接菌和对照3组处理,研究不同盐浓度胁迫下接种内生菌对小麦幼苗生长的影响.结果表明: 内生菌252、254分别与死亡谷芽孢杆菌和根癌土壤杆菌具有最高相似率.盐胁迫下接种内生细菌252,在14 d时小麦幼苗随盐浓度升高过氧化物酶(POD)活性先升高后下降,其中盐浓度为100 mmol·L^-1时POD活性最高(13370 U·g^-1·min^-1);21 d时小麦幼苗POD和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性较对照明显升高;28 d时盐浓度为150、250 mmol·L^-1的POD和CAT活性最高.盐胁迫下接种内生细菌254,在14 d时盐浓度为250 mmol·L^-1的小麦幼苗CAT活性最高;21 d时盐浓度在100～250 mmol·L^-1的POD和CAT活性较高,其中150 mmol·L^-1时CAT活性最高;28 d时盐浓度为200 mmol·L^-1的CAT活性最高.在盐胁迫下,接种内生菌对小麦幼苗不同培养时期发挥最佳作用的盐浓度不同.内生菌252和254可提高盐胁迫下小麦植株POD、CAT活性,对小麦幼苗生长有一定修复作用.     

盐碱胁迫对柳树幼苗生长和渗透调节物质含量的影响

以盐柳1号为试验材料,将2种中性盐NaCI、Na_2SO_4和2种碱性盐NaHCO_3、Na_2CO_3,按不同比例混合成A(NaCl∶Na_2SO_4∶NaHCO_3∶Na_2CO_3=1∶2∶1∶0)、B(NaCl∶Na_2SO_4∶NaHCO_3∶Na_2CO_3=1∶9∶9∶1)、C(NaCl∶Na_2SO_4∶NaHCO_3∶Na_2CO_3=1∶1∶1∶1)3种组合,设4个浓度梯度(50、100、150、200 mmol/L),模拟出12种盐度和碱度各不相同的盐碱条件,对盐柳1号幼苗进行处理,测定了株高生长量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量4项指标。结果表明:随着盐浓度的增大和碱性盐比例的增高,盐柳1号幼苗的株高生长量呈降低趋势,叶片MDA、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量则有不同程度的升高。A、B、C处理组的株高生长量在盐浓度200 mmo/L时分别相对CK降低了61.32%、68.67%、73.02%,差异均达到显著水平(P0.05)。A处理组(pH值为8.04),随着盐浓度的增大,叶片MDA、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量升高趋势不明显;B处理组(pH值为8.66),叶片MDA含量在盐浓度超过100 mmol/L时呈显著升高趋势,脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量在盐浓度超过150 mmol/L时急剧增加;C处理组(pH值为9.47),盐浓度大于150 mmol/L时,盐柳1号幼苗的叶片全部枯黄。综合分析结果表明,在混合盐碱胁迫下,盐柳1号幼苗的生长受到了不同程度的抑制;盐柳1号可以耐受不超过100 mmol/L的3种组分盐碱胁迫,且盐浓度150 mmol/L、pH9.51的盐碱条件不适宜盐柳1号的生长。     

两株内生芽孢杆菌对盐胁迫下大豆幼苗超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性影响

【背景】盐胁迫环境严重影响大豆幼苗生长,内生菌可提高作物的抗逆性。【目的】探究接种内生枯草芽孢杆菌127和解蛋白芽孢杆菌133对盐胁迫下大豆幼苗体内超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性的影响。【方法】以“徐豆20”为实验材料,采用盆栽实验法,设置对照组、盐胁迫组和盐胁迫接菌组,在人工气候培养条件下,用不同NaCl浓度(50、100、150、200、250和300 mmol/L)处理大豆幼苗,并接种不同OD600值(OD0.33、OD0.50和OD0.75)的菌悬液。【结果】培养14 d,接种枯草芽孢杆菌127的菌悬液OD0.33和OD0.75分别在盐浓度300 mmol/L和100 mmol/L时,SOD活性均为1.04 U/g-FW;接种解蛋白芽孢杆菌133的菌悬液OD0.50在盐浓度300 mmol/L胁迫下POD活性最高为7 820 U/(g·min),对大豆幼苗修复效果较显著。培养28 d,接种枯草芽孢杆菌127的菌悬液OD0.50,在150 mmol/L时SOD活性最高(0.88 U/g-FW);接...     

Ca^2＋对小麦萌发及幼苗抗盐性的效应

以冬小麦（Triticum aestivum）临远077038为材料, 研究了施入外源Ca^2＋对150、200、250及350 mmol·L^-1NaCl胁迫下小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明： 20 mmol·L^-1CaCl2浸种能够提高小麦在150–250 mmol·L^-1盐胁迫下种子的发芽率, 并能增强其生长势; 当NaCl浓度为350 mmol·L^-1时, 小麦种子不能萌发, 且在以上浓度的NaCl胁迫下, 小麦种子均不能发育成苗。对NaCl胁迫下的小麦幼苗施入外源Ca^2＋后, 提高了幼苗膜稳定性, 降低了膜脂过氧化程度, 从而减轻了盐胁迫对幼苗膜的伤害, 表现为电导率降低、MDA含量降低及SOD和POD活性提高, 并且提高了幼苗的呼吸强度及叶绿素含量, 促进了幼苗生长及生物量的积累; Ca^2＋的缓解效应随着盐胁迫的加剧逐渐减弱, 在浓度为350 mmol·L^-1的盐胁迫下, 幼苗的生物量显著低于对照。以上结果表明, 与水处理相比, 20 mmol·L^-1CaCl2处理能够更大程度地促进小麦的生长发育。     

外源海藻糖对小麦幼苗耐盐性的影响

以盐敏感小麦品种鲁麦15为材料,分别用完全Hoagland营养液、150mmol／L NaCl和150mmol／L NaCl 10mmol／L海藻糖处理小麦幼苗,测定小麦幼苗生长、离子含量、根系质膜H^ -ATPase、SOD活性、MDA含量等指标,旨在探讨外源海藻糖在抗盐性中的作用。结果表明：外源海藻糖可明显缓解盐胁迫对小麦幼苗生长的抑制作用;明显提高NaCl胁迫条件下小麦幼苗叶片中K^ 的含量,降低Na^ 的含量,降低其Na^ ／K^ ;提高NaCl胁迫条件下小麦幼苗SOD活性,降低MDA的含量,降低细胞质膜透性,缓解根系质膜H^ -ATPase活性抑制。以上结果表叫外源海藻糖可能通过增加活性氧清除能力、缓解质膜伤害、维持胞质离子稳态提高植物抗盐性。     

NaCl胁迫对红砂萌发的影响及萌发期耐盐性评价

探究盐胁迫对红砂种子萌发及萌发后生长和生理生化指标的影响,为解析红砂萌发期耐盐机制及后续研究提供数据支撑。以盐生植物红砂种子为试验材料,NaCl溶液模拟盐胁迫,研究不同浓度NaCl(0、50、100、150、200、300和400 mmol/L)处理下,红砂种子萌发及萌发后根长、株高、生理生化指标的变化趋势。结果显示:(1)与对照相比,50 mmol/L处理的红砂萌发率升高,植株根长、株高显著增加;随着处理浓度的升高,红砂的萌发时间推迟,萌发率减少,盐害率增加,根长、株高下降显著。当盐浓度增加到400 mmol/L时,红砂不能萌发,但仍保持萌发活力,400 mmol/L胁迫35 d的未萌发种子经复萌处理后,相对萌发率为105.43%。(2)随着NaCl浓度的增加,红砂中的丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量显著增加,过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈现不同程度的增加。(3)分别以相对萌发率、植株全长下降到对照的50%为标准,确定红砂的萌发耐盐阈值为273 mmol/L,最适盐浓度为45.78 mmol/L;萌发后生长耐盐阈值为388.19 mmol/L,生长最适盐浓度为50.59 mmol/L。红砂可在胁迫环境下长期保持萌发活力,待萌发条件适宜时,可快速集中大量萌发;红砂生长阈值浓度大于萌发阈值浓度,说明萌发期是其在盐胁迫下完成生活史的关键时期;随着盐浓度的增加,红砂的生长受到不同程度的抑制,植株在一定胁迫程度内可通过提高POD、SOD活性清除MDA,增加Pro含量从而减少胁迫危害,以维持正常的生理代谢。     

盐碱胁迫对赤霞珠葡萄幼苗生长及相关生理指标的影响

【目的】了解不同盐分配比和不同浓度梯度复合盐碱胁迫对‘赤霞珠’葡萄（Vitis vinfera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’）幼苗生长和抗逆生理指标的影响，确认其耐盐碱性范围及其耐盐碱能力。【方法】 以1年生‘赤霞珠’自根苗为试材，用NaCl、Na2SO4、NaHCO3、Na2CO3按不同比例混合配置中性盐、弱碱性盐、强碱性盐3组复合盐溶液，每组各设置50、100、150 mmol/L3个浓度梯度，以不做处理的溶液作为对照，于幼苗生长期间进行定期浇灌处理，通过室内盆栽试验来模拟不同类型、不同程度盐碱胁迫，在处理后不同时期测定幼苗生长形态、生理及光合指标。【结果】（1）茎粗和叶面积随盐胁迫浓度增大，呈现先增大后减小的趋势， 而‘赤霞珠’幼苗的株高基本呈现下降趋势。其中，中性、弱碱性、强碱性盐胁迫组间相比，‘赤霞珠’幼苗株高在强碱性盐胁迫组150 mmol/L处理10 d、150 mmol/L处理40 d都较同期中性、弱碱性组相应浓度显著降低；（2）随着盐浓度的增大，SOD活性及MDA含量呈先增大后减小的趋势，而‘赤霞珠’幼苗叶片的POD活性呈现缓慢增加的趋势，强碱性盐胁迫组叶片POD活性在处理30-50d时均高于相同浓度的中性、弱碱性盐胁迫处理组，但随着时间处理延长，到处理60 d后逐渐低于同浓度其他两处理组，其中150 mmol/L浓度表现得更明显。；（3）‘赤霞珠’葡萄幼苗胞间CO2浓度、净光合速率、蒸腾速率随着盐碱浓度的增加主要呈下降趋势，其胞间CO2浓度与净光合速率均为50 mmol/L浓度处理时较高。在同期相同盐浓度处理下，叶片净光合速率在强碱性盐胁迫150 mmol/L浓度处理75 d时显著低于同期中性、弱碱性处理组。（4）在相同浓度条件下，强碱性盐胁迫处理的幼苗株高及最大叶面积都显著低于中性盐和弱碱性盐处理组；叶片SOD活性在50 mmol/L中性盐胁迫处理下较CK显著提高了27%；叶片MDA含量在150 mmol/L强碱性盐胁迫下随着时间延长显著逐渐增加。【结论】‘赤霞珠’幼苗生长在盐碱胁迫下受到一定限制，但其株高、叶面积、胞间CO2浓度、净光合速率、蒸腾速率在50 mmol/L浓度处理下均呈现较好的增长趋势，而其株高及茎粗在强碱性盐胁迫150 mmol/L盐碱溶液处理下均增长最不明显；在一定低浓度浓度范围内50 mmol/L盐碱处理有利于赤霞珠葡萄幼苗生长。     

盐胁迫下盐桦生理响应的变化分析

对组织培养获得的盐桦（Belula halophila）苗在盐胁迫下的生理指标和解剖结构进行了分析,结果显示,随着盐浓度的增加,植物叶片相对含水量逐渐降低;脯氨酸（Pro）含量逐渐增加;叶片丙二醛（MDA）含量和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性大小存在相关性,在50～200mmol／L盐胁迫下,植物的CAT活性是递增的,200mmol／LNaCl处理时达到最高,同时叶片MDA含量在50～200mmol／L盐处理时变化不明显;CAT活性在300mmol／LNaCl处理时突然降低,此时叶片MDA含量大;植物叶片和根的离子含量测定表明,在盐胁迫下K^＋／Na^＋比值逐渐降低,叶片中K^＋含量始终高于Na^＋含量;石蜡切片和扫描电镜发现盐桦茎、叶中有晶体状物质存在,通过X-ray分析表明这种晶体含有C,O,Ca元素,相关的细胞成分化学实验进一步确定其结晶体的成分。     

盐胁迫下镧对水稻幼苗生长的保护效应

通过液培实验,研究水稻幼苗在盐胁迫下,镧对水稻幼苗的保护作用。结果表明：水稻幼苗植株在≤1．5％的盐浓度的盐胁迫下,10mg·L^-1镧能提高幼苗植株超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性;降低幼苗植株脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）的含量和脯氨酸（Pro）的含量;减小质膜透性;提高叶片叶绿素含量和叶绿素a／b的比值;增强根系的活力,进而促进水稻幼苗的生长。10mg·L^-1镧对盐胁迫的缓解作用与盐浓度有关,随着盐浓度增大,镧的缓解作用将逐渐消失。分析表明,在≤1．0％和≥0．5％的盐浓度胁迫下,镧对水稻幼苗的生长存在更有效的防御机制,能够促进水稻幼苗的生长代谢。     

SA浸种对盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

以小麦盐敏感品种鲁麦15为材料,研究了外源水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)浸种对100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。研究结果表明:盐胁迫下,无论经SA浸种还是未经SA浸种,小麦幼苗的生长均受到明显抑制,干、鲜重显著下降;0.1 mmol/L、0.2 mmol/L和0.3 mmol/L SA溶液浸种均能显著缓解NaCl胁迫对小麦幼苗生长的抑制,其中以0.2 mmol/L SA溶液浸种预处理效果最好。实验中,0.2 mmol/L SA浸种可显著提高盐胁迫下小麦种子β-淀粉酶的活性和吸胀速率。此外,与未经SA浸种的盐胁迫小麦幼苗相比,0.2 mmol/L SA浸种的盐胁迫小麦幼苗整株的干、鲜重显著增加,幼苗体内Na~+含量降低,K~+含量和K~+/Na~+比值显著提高;同时,小麦幼苗叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性升高,而丙二醛(MDA)含量则显著降低。由此可以得出,SA浸种能有效提高盐胁迫下小麦幼苗体内K~+/Na~+比值,提高SOD、CAT和POD的活性,减轻膜脂过氧化程度,以缓解盐胁迫对小麦幼苗生长的抑制作用,从而提高耐盐性。     

镧浸种对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗生长及其生理特征的影响

通过水培方式研究了0、25、50和100 mg/L硝酸镧浸种对盐胁迫条件下小麦品种临抗11和临优2069根系及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,盐胁迫处理小麦幼苗植株矮,根系短,叶片叶绿素含量、根系活性吸收面积以及SOD和CAT活性明显降低,叶片MDA与Pro含量水平显著上升;在钠离子浓度相同的情况下,Na2CO3对小麦生长的影响大于NaCl.(2)适当浓度硝酸镧浸种处理增加了盐胁迫下小麦幼苗的株高、总根长、根系活性吸收面积及SOD和CAT活性,且各指标在盐胁迫下增加幅度高于正常水分处理.(3)2个小麦品种对镧处理的敏感程度存在差异,不同小麦品种及不同盐胁迫下最适的镧浸种浓度不同.研究发现,适当浓度镧浸种能有效缓解盐胁迫对小麦幼苗的伤害,具有显著促进小麦根系生长、培育壮苗的作用.     

干旱胁迫下小麦叶片微粒体活性氧自由基的产生及其对膜的伤害

从不同干旱胁迫时间下的小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)叶片中提取微粒体膜,测定活性氧自由基变化和膜伤害程度。结果表明,随着干旱胁迫时间的延长发生以下变化:(1)O_2~-和H_2O_2的产生速率在一定时间内逐渐加快然后下降;(2)膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的含量逐渐增加;(3)微粒体膜上的SOD活性逐渐下降;(4)—SH基的含量在一定时间内逐渐增多以后下降;(5)与膜伤害程度有关的生理指标如根系电导率、叶片水势及其含水量等均有变化。     

Analysis of fatty acid composition of PGPR <Emphasis Type="Italic">Klebsiella</Emphasis> sp. SBP-8 and its role in ameliorating salt stress in wheat

A halotolerant plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can ameliorate salt stress in associated plants by various mechanisms. Therefore, the present study aimed to characterize a PGPR Klebsiella sp. SBP-8 for its ability to tolerate salt stress and to study the mechanism of PGPR-mediated mitigation of salt stress in the wheat plant. The abiotic stressors result in multiple changes in the fatty acid composition of Klebsiella sp. SBP-8, helping the membrane to keep its integrity, fluidity, and function for its growth under salt (NaCl) stress conditions. The changes in fatty acid composition of test organism were analyzed by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis under varying saline conditions. The spectroscopy (GC-MS) profile of cell extract at different salt concentrations was comprised of hydrocarbons, and fatty alcohols with varying carbon chain length. Inoculation of Klebsiella sp. SBP-8 to wheat seedling showed increase in proline, total soluble sugar, and total protein content of treated plants. Bacterial inoculation also decreased the concentration of salinity-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) content. In addition, bacterial inoculation also increased the various antioxidative enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX) in treated plants. It is likely that bacterial inoculation alleviated the salt stress to wheat plant by co-ordination of antioxidative machinery, and improvement in osmolyte contents. Therefore, the present study suggests that bacterial-inoculated wheat plants were able to cope better with salt stress than uninoculated control, therefore it can serve as a promising bio-inoculant for enhancing the growth of wheat like cereal crops under saline stress.     

Generation of Active Oxygen Free Radicals and Its Injury to Microsome Membranes in Wheat Leaves Under Drought Stress

The microsome membrane of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ) leaves under different time of drought stress was purified to determine the active oxygen free radicals generated and their severity of injury to the membrane. During the drought stress the rate of O2- and H2O2 generation increased for a certain time and then decreased. The concentration of MDA increased continuously. The activity of SOD decreased gradually. The concentration of —SH group and MDA increased from the beginning until the 36th hour under drought stress, thereafter MDA content continued to increase while the —SH content decreased. Several physiological indexes related to membrane injury, such as root electroconductivity, leaf water potential and water content were all affected accordingly.     

Visualization and Characterization of High-Order Chromatin Fibers under Light Microscope during Interphase and Mitotic Stages in Plants

Using genomic in situ hybridization with genomic DNA, high-order chromatin fibers were successfully exhibited under a light microscope through the cell cycle in barley, rice, maize and field bean. From the interphase to prophase and metaphase of mitosis, the fibers were basically similar. Each was estimated to be around 200 nm in diameter, but the strength of signals was not the same along the fiber length. Through the cell cycle a series of dynamic distribution changes occurred in the fibers. In the interphase, they were unraveled. At the early prophase they were arranged with parallel and mirror symmetry. During late-prophase and metaphase, the fibers were bundled and became different visible chromosomes. The parallel coiling and mirror symmetry structures were visible clearly until the metaphase. In anaphase they disappeared. During telophase, in peripheral regions of congregated chromosome group, borderlines of the chromosomes disappeared and the fibers were unraveled. This demonstrated that mitotic chromosomes are assembled and organized by parallel and adjacent coiling of the fibers and the fibers should be the highest order structure for DNA coiling.     

盐胁迫环境下不同抗盐性小麦品种幼苗长势和内源激素的变化

采用两种浓度NaCl溶液,对不同抗盐性小麦品种德抗961(抗盐性强)和泰山9818(抗盐性弱)萌发期幼苗进行胁迫处理,观察其幼苗长势和内源激素含量变化.结果表明,盐胁迫抑制小麦幼苗生长,抗盐性弱的泰山9818受抑制较重.苗、根ABA含量随盐胁迫浓度增加而提高,泰山9818的增幅高于德抗961.苗、根IAA含量随盐胁迫浓度增加而降低,但德抗961的IAA含量高于泰山9818,说明盐胁迫下抗盐性强的品种具有较高IAA合成量.2品种GA3含量变化因盐胁迫浓度而异.在低盐胁迫下抗盐性强的品种苗中GA3含量提高以适应盐胁迫利于苗的生长,在高盐胁迫下2品种GA3含量降低.盐胁迫使苗中ZR含量增加,且德抗961的苗中ZR含量高于泰山9818,而根中ZR含量则前者低,说明盐胁迫下抗盐性强的品种可迅速将根部合成的ZR向苗中转移,促进苗的生长.2品种IAA/ABA、GA3/ABA比值随盐胁迫浓度增加和时间延长而下降,德抗961 IAA/ABA比值大于泰山9818.在盐胁迫下,抗盐性强的品种协调自身激素平衡的能力较强可能是其生长受抑制较小的重要原因.     

NaCl胁迫下SA浸种绿豆幼苗的生长及生理特征

以'中绿一号'绿豆品种为材料,对不同浓度水杨酸(SA)浸种绿豆种子在NaCl胁迫条件下的萌发、幼苗生长及相关生理指标变化进行分析.结果显示:(1)与未胁迫对照相比,未浸种对照绿豆在100～500 mmol·L-1 NaCl处理下的发芽率、芽长、根长和叶片叶绿素含量显著降低,而幼苗叶片丙二醛(MDA)与脯氨酸(Pro)含量水平显著上升(P＜0.05),且其升降幅度随NaCl胁迫浓度提高而增加;(2)与未浸种对照相比,未胁迫对照种子的萌发和幼苗的生长在20 mg·L-1 SA处理中受到抑制,而在40～80 mg·L-1 SA处理条件下得到促进,至100 mg·L-1 SA时又受到显著抑制.(3)适当浓度的SA浸种能够显著提高盐胁迫下绿豆幼苗的芽长、根长、叶绿素的含量,降低了MDA和Pro含量;在NaCl胁迫浓度为100～300 mmol·L-1时的SA适宜浓度浸种为60 mg·L-1,而500 mmol·L-1 NaCl时为80 mg·L-1.研究表明,适当浓度的SA浸种能有效缓解盐胁迫对绿豆幼苗的伤害,提高其耐盐性.     

The Nucleolus and Parachromatin of the Ascites Tumor Cell

1. A method is described for distinguishing the ribonucleoproteins of the nucleolus and parachromatin of ascitic tumor cells of the mouse. 2. In these cells the transfer of ribonucleoprotein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm can occur in two ways. (a) At the end of prophase the nucleolus separates from the chromosomes and nucleolar fragments are released into the cytoplasm. (b) During prophase the parachromatin is aggregated to form parachromatin bodies which are discharged into the cytoplasm, where they can be detected during metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. 3. A metachromatic form of RNA is demonstrable, and may be synthesized, in close relation to the chromosomes during prophase, metaphase, and anaphase. During telophase the distribution of metachromatic RNA changes, the chromatin loses its metachromasia, and intranuclear metachromatic parachromatin becomes evident.     

CELL DIVISION IN SPIROGYRA. I. MITOSIS

Dividing cells of Spirogyra sp. were examined with both the light and electron microscopes. By preprophase many of the typical transverse wall micro-tubules disappeared while others were seen in the thickened cytoplasmic strands. Microtubules appeared in the polar cytoplasm at prophase and by prometaphase they penetrated the nucleus. They were attached to chromosomes at metaphase and early anaphase, and formed a sheath surrounding the spindle during anaphase; they were seen in the interzonal strands and cytoplasmic strands at telophase. The interphase nucleolus, containing 2 distinct zones and chromatinlike material, fragmented at prophase; at metaphase and anaphase nucleolar material coated the chromosomes, obscuring them by late anaphase. The chromosomes condensed in the nucleoplasm at prophase, moving into the nucleolus at prometaphase. The nuclear envelope was finally disrupted at anaphase during spindle elongation; at telophase membrane profiles coated the reforming nuclei. During anaphase and early telophase the interzonal region contained vacuoles, a few micro-tubules, and sometimes eliminated n ucleolar material; most small organelles, including swollen endoplasmic reticulum and tubular membranes, were concentrated in the polar cytoplasm. Quantitative and qualitative cytological observations strongly suggest movement of intact wall rnicrotubules to the spindle at preprophase and then back again at telophase.