宫颈癌患者HPV16/18型病毒感染及阴道菌群观察

目的探讨宫颈癌与人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染高危型HPV(HPV16/18)表达及阴道菌群的关系。方法回顾性分析我院2018年1月-2020年1月收治的37例宫颈癌患者的临床资料,将其设为宫颈癌组。纳入同期于我院治疗的43例宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)患者的临床资料设为CIN组。比较两组基础资料(年龄、绝经情况、孕次、产次、HPV16/18阳性表达、阴道菌群、饮食卫生习惯和家族遗传史)差异,并对有差异信息进行赋值,以多因素Logistic回归模型分析宫颈癌发生的危险因素。结果经单因素分析,两组患者年龄、绝经情况、孕次和产次比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；宫颈癌组HPV16/18阳性、阴道菌群失调、饮食卫生习惯较差以及存在家族遗传史患者数显著多于CIN组(P<0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析证实HPV16/18阳性、阴道菌群失调、饮食卫生习惯较差以及存在家族遗传史是宫颈癌发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论宫颈癌发生危险因素较多,临床应针对存在危险因素的患者加强监测并给予相应干预从而降低宫颈癌发生风险。     

阴道微生物群和雌激素及孕激素水平对宫颈病变的影响CSCD

目的 研究阴道微生物群、雌激素、孕激素水平与宫颈病变的关系,评价宫颈病变的高危因素,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。方法 选择2021年12月至2022年5月我院首次确诊的宫颈病变患者121例为研究组。全部患者行病理活检,其中宫颈低级别鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)93例,宫颈高级别鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)16例,宫颈鳞状细胞癌7例,腺癌5例。随机选取同期筛查无宫颈病变的健康女性100例作为正常对照组。两组对象同时进行阴道微生物群分析、人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)和雌、孕激素水平检测,采用Logistic逐步回归法分析其与宫颈病变的相关性。结果 (1)宫颈病变组患者阴道微生物群异常率(82.64%)显著高于正常对照组(32.00%),其中乳杆菌阳性率(28.93%)显著低于正常对照组(81.00%),阴道菌群密集度异常率(55.37%)显著高于正常对照组(3.00%),阴道菌群多样性异常率(66.12%)显著高于正常对照组(21.00%),HPV感染率(72.73%)显著高于正常对照组(25.00%),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);(2)宫颈病变组患者雌二醇水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而孕酮水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(3)二分类Logistic回归分析显示,乳杆菌减少、HPV感染和雌激素水平均为影响宫颈病变的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论阴道微生物群失调(阴道菌群密集度异常、阴道菌群多样性异常、阴道优势菌改变、HPV感染),雌、孕激素水平改变与宫颈病变有密切相关性;同时阴道乳杆菌减少、HPV感染与雌激素水平下降是引起宫颈病变的独立危险因素。     

重组人干扰素α2b凝胶联合乳酸菌阴道胶囊对宫颈高危型HPV持续感染的治疗

目的观察重组人干扰素α2b凝胶联合乳酸菌阴道胶囊治疗宫颈高危型人乳头瘤病毒(highrisk human papillomavirus,HPV)持续感染的临床效果。方法将110例宫颈高危型HPV持续感染而液基细胞学检查阴性的患者随机分为两组,其中对照组(58例)予以重组人干扰素α2b凝胶治疗,观察组(52例)予以重组人干扰素α2b凝胶联合乳酸菌阴道胶囊治疗,两组患者均连续治疗3个月经周期。比较两组患者HPV转阴率及阴道微生态改善情况。结果观察组患者治疗总有效率(82.69%)高于对照组(63.79%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.937,P=0.026)。治疗后,两组患者阴道微生态失调率均有所下降,且观察组改善情况更为显著(均P<0.05)。治疗后观察组患者阴道菌群密集度及多样性显著低于治疗前,其微生物功能指标优于对照组,乳杆菌定植率高于对照组,病原菌检出率低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论在重组人干扰素α2b凝胶治疗的基础上联合应用乳酸菌阴道胶囊能明显提高宫颈高危型HPV持续感染的转阴率,其中促进阴道微生态恢复平衡可能是其发挥作用的机制之一。     

乳杆菌属细菌对宫颈上皮内瘤变患者阴道菌群的影响

目的分析乳杆菌属细菌对宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)患者阴道菌群的影响,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。方法选择2019年1月至2020年1月我院收治的CIN患者137例,根据组织学病理结果分为CIN Ⅰ组(84例)和CIN Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(53例)。选择同期100例宫颈检查正常者为对照组。比较各组对象阴道菌群数量。根据患者阴道内乳杆菌数量将患者分为高数量组和低数量组,比较2组患者阴道菌群数量。结果CIN Ⅰ组患者阴道厚壁菌门数量低于CIN Ⅱ、Ⅲ组和对照组,而放线菌门数量高于CIN Ⅱ、Ⅲ组和对照组(均P<0.05)。CIN Ⅱ、Ⅲ组患者阴道乳杆菌属数量高于CIN Ⅰ组和对照组(均P<0.05)。CIN Ⅰ组患者阴道加德纳菌属、奇异菌属数量高于CIN Ⅱ、Ⅲ组和对照组(均P<0.05)。对照组对象阴道菌群Chao、ACE指数均低于CIN Ⅰ组和CIN Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(均P<0.05),同时CIN Ⅱ、Ⅲ组患者阴道菌群Chao、ACE指数均低于CIN Ⅰ组(均P<0.05)。高数量组患者阴道加德纳菌属、奇异菌属占比均低于低数量组(均P<0.05)。结论阴道中乳杆菌属数量的改变易影响阴道菌群,使其抗感染能力下降,增加女性CIN的风险。     

某医院2014-2017年耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性杆菌分布及耐药性

摘要：目的了解2014-2017年玉溪市人民医院耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性杆菌在临床标本及科室中的检出情况及耐药情况,为防治耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性杆菌提供依据。方法采用VITEK2 COMPACT微生物分析仪对细菌进行鉴定和药敏试验。结果共检出952株耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性杆菌,涉及17个菌属30个菌种,主要来自痰样本（669株,72.27%）、尿液（90株,9.45%）和体表分泌物（54株,5.67%）。科室分布显示重症医学科有309株（32.46%）,急诊内科121株（12.71%）,神经内科113株（11.87%）,呼吸内科83株（8.72%）。检出细菌中鲍曼不动杆菌仅对庆大霉素和左氧氟沙星的耐药率小于40.00%;大肠埃希菌仅对阿米卡星和呋喃妥因的耐药率小于40.00%;铜绿假单胞菌对哌拉西林、头孢吡肟、氨曲南、阿米卡星、庆大霉素、左氧氟沙星和环丙沙星的耐药率低于40.00%;肺炎克雷伯菌肺炎亚种对厄他培南、阿米卡星、四环素、复方新诺明的耐药率小于40.00%。结论耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性杆菌分布较广,不同细菌对抗菌药物的耐药状况不同。鲍曼不动杆菌和大肠埃希菌的耐药性较高,应重视监测细菌耐药情况,指导临床合理使用抗菌药物,更好地控制耐药菌株的产生及传播。     

颅脑外伤致昏迷患者发生下呼吸道感染的病原学特征及防控

目的:探讨颅脑外伤所致昏迷患者下呼吸道感染的病原菌分布及耐药性,分析其相关危险因素,为临床预防该类感染提供参考。方法:选择2013年1月~2014年12月我院诊治的160例颅脑外伤致昏迷患者,对发生下呼吸道感染的80例患者采样并进行病原菌检测和药敏试验,采用Logistic回归分析探索颅脑外伤致昏迷患者发生下呼吸道感染的危险因素。结果:160例颅脑外伤致昏迷患者中,发生下呼吸道感染80例,占50.00%,共分离出病原菌85株,革兰阴性菌59株,占69.41%,革兰阳性菌20株,占23.53%,真菌6株,占7.06%。革兰阴性菌对氨苄西林和头孢曲松的耐药率较高,对左氧氟沙星和庆大霉素的耐药性较低;革兰阳性菌对氨苄西林和四环素的耐药率较高,而对万古霉素和替考拉宁的耐药率较低;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,侵入性操作、使用抗生素是颅脑外伤致昏迷患者发生下呼吸道感染的危险因素(P0.05)。结论:颅脑外伤致昏迷患者发生下呼吸道感染的主要病原菌为革兰阴性菌,临床可通过减少侵入性操作及合理使用抗生素预防该类感染。     

宫颈上皮内瘤变患者宫颈环形电切术后HPV持续感染的高危因素分析及其对阴道微生态和免疫调节功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）患者宫颈环形电切术（LEEP）后人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）持续感染的高危因素及其对阴道微生态和免疫调节功能的影响。方法：选取2020年1月～2021年1月我院收治的347例行LEEP治疗的CIN患者,根据LEEP后1年是否HPV持续感染分为HPV持续感染组（n=41）和HPV转阴组（n=306）。收集患者临床资料,单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析CIN患者LEEP后HPV持续感染的影响因素。比较1年后复诊时HPV持续感染组与HPV转阴组阴道微生态状况和外周血细胞免疫、体液免疫指标水平。结果：与HPV转阴组比较,HPV持续感染组年龄≥45岁、术前HPV多重感染、术前HPV病毒载量≥100 RLU/CO、手术切缘HPV感染阳性比例更高,初次性生活年龄＜20岁比例更低（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥45岁（OR=1.034,95%CI：1.009～1.060）、术前HPV多重感染（OR=1.371,95%CI：1.042～1.806）、术前HPV病毒载量≥100 RLU/CO（OR=1.198,95%CI：1.058～1.356）、手术切缘HPV感染阳性（OR=1.313,95%CI：1.144～1.507）为CIN患者LEEP后HPV持续感染的危险因素（P均＜0.05）。复诊时HPV持续感染组阴道优势菌为乳杆菌、菌群密集度和菌群多样性Ⅱ～Ⅲ级比例低于HPV转阴组,pH值高于HPV转阴组（P＜0.05）。复诊时HPV持续感染组外周血CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺、免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、IgG、IgM水平低于HPV转阴组,CD8⁺高于HPV转阴组（P＜0.05）。结论：CIN患者LEEP后HPV持续感染与年龄、术前HPV多重感染、术前HPV病毒载量、手术切缘HPV感染有关,LEEP后HPV持续感染可导致CIN患者阴道微生态和免疫调节功能受损。     

阴道菌群改变与宫颈癌前病变相关性的初步研究

目的本实验对130例健康、HPV感染[HPV(+)]及不同级别宫颈病变(CIN)患者阴道菌群进行研究分析,揭示阴道菌群变化与宫颈病变的发生及HPV感染的关系,为阻断宫颈病变的进一步发展提供理论依据。方法收集2014-2015年大连市妇幼保健院门诊就诊的20~65岁患者130例,依据宫颈HPV检测和阴道镜下宫颈活组织检查病理诊断结果进行分组。采用QIAamp DNA mini和Blood mini试剂盒提取阴道菌群基因组DNA。利用PCR-DGGE技术对患者阴道菌群的变化进行分析,Quantity One软件进行聚类分析及凝胶测序法分析特异条带的种类。上述数据的处理和分析采用SPSS 19.0统计软件。结果在DGGE图谱中,HPV(+)组阴道菌群丰度高于HPV(-)组。CIN组阴道菌群丰度较HPV(+)组升高。测序结果显示,HPV(-)组与HPV(+)组中3条共有强度较大的条带均属于厚壁菌门,HPV(+)组的特征谱带为阴道加德纳菌(Gardnerella vaginalis)。聚类分析和主成分分析(PCA)显示,HPV(+)组患者发生了菌群失调。结论乳酸菌为阴道菌群中的优势菌;放线菌是HPV(+)的CIN患者的特殊细菌门,该菌属于阴道加德纳菌;HPV感染可引起阴道菌群稳态失调,且宫颈病变程度越重,阴道菌群失衡情况也相应加重。     

前列腺增生患者术后并发尿路感染的病原菌分布、耐药性和危险因素分析

目的:探讨前列腺增生患者术后并发尿路感染的病原菌分布、耐药性和危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2014年6月到2018年10月期间成都医学院第一附属医院行手术治疗的323例前列腺增生患者的临床资料,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析方法分析前列腺增生患者术后并发尿路感染的危险因素。收集所有患者术后12h内的中段尿样,进行病原菌检测和耐药性分析。结果:323例前列腺增生患者共有50例术后并发尿路感染,发生率为15.48%,50例术后并发尿路感染患者的尿液标本中共分离出53株病原菌,其中革兰阳性菌23株,占43.40%,革兰阴性菌27株,占50.94%,真菌3株,占5.66%。屎肠球菌对青霉素、红霉素耐药性较高,粪肠球菌对青霉素、红霉素、氨苄西林耐药性较高,屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌对万古霉素、呋喃妥因的耐药性较低。大肠埃希菌对氨曲南、氨苄西林、左氧氟沙星耐药性较高,铜绿假单胞菌对氨曲南、氨苄西林耐药性较高,大肠埃希菌和铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南的耐药性较低。经单因素分析显示,前列腺增生患者术后并发尿路感染与年龄、前列腺体积、手术时间、术后留置尿管时间、是否合并糖尿病、术前是否预防性应用抗生素有关(P0.05),多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≧65岁、手术时间≧60 min、术后留置尿管时间≧7d、合并糖尿病、术前未预防性应用抗生素均是前列腺增生患者术后并发尿路感染的危险因素(P0.05)。结论:前列腺增生患者术后易出现尿路感染,感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌和革兰阳性菌为主,临床应根据尿路感染的危险因素和药敏实验结果而采取针对性的防治措施。     

细菌性阴道病肠道菌群与阴道菌群16S rDNA测序分析

目的通过对细菌性阴道病(BV)患者肠道菌群及阴道菌群16S rDNA扩增子测序,分析其结构、多样性、相关性以及BV对肠道菌群的影响,为今后治疗BV提供新的思路。方法选取符合纳入标准的BV患者11例(BV组),健康者9例(C组),留存阴道分泌物及新鲜粪便进行16S rDNA基因检测分析。结果C组阴道菌群以乳杆菌属为主,BV与加德纳菌属、普雷沃菌属、Sneathia、窄食单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)、阿托波菌属、Shuttleworthia、巨型球菌属密切相关。BV组肠道、阴道菌群丰富度均高于C组。Alpha多样性分析中C组和BV组肠道菌群、阴道菌群的Shannon指数组间比较,χ²值为29.137, P=0.000<0.05,两组阴道菌群Shannon指数组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),BV组高于C组。物种多样性曲线反映本研究样本测序数据量的合理性,表明BV组的肠道菌群多样性、丰富度均高于C组,主坐标分析表明C组肠道与阴道的菌群结构差距较大,BV组肠道与阴道的菌群结构有相似之处,且两组肠道菌群结构接近。BV组阴道菌群中厚壁菌门丰度较C组低,放线菌门、拟杆菌门较C组高;BV组肠道菌群中拟杆菌门丰度较C组低;C组肠道中拟杆菌门明显高于阴道,厚壁菌门明显低于阴道; BV组阴道菌群中放线菌门丰度高于C组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论BV阴道菌群与肠道菌群具有相关性,BV可能引起肠道菌群结构比例和多样性的改变。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.