10株乳酸菌黏附小鼠派伊尔结及免疫调节作用研究

目的探索乳酸菌黏附派伊尔结效率与其免疫调节作用的关系。方法利用荧光定量分析法测定10株乳酸菌黏附派伊尔结的能力,利用乳酸菌与派伊尔结组织块共培养测定乳酸菌调节派伊尔结细胞因子释放活性。选择诱导细胞因子谱相似、黏附派伊尔结性质不同的菌株进行动物实验,测定其对卵清蛋白（OVA）致敏小鼠粪便中分泌型免疫球蛋白A（sIgA）以及腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性的调节作用。结果10株乳酸菌黏附派伊尔结的性质具有菌株依赖性,其中L.rhamnosusGG、L.acidophilusFn037、L.plantarumFn008和L.caseiFn012黏附性依次降低,但诱导派伊尔结TNF-α、IL-10和IL-12释放的性质相同。这4株菌增强OVA致敏小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性和升高粪便sIgA的能力与其黏附性相关。结论乳酸菌黏附派伊尔结是决定其免疫调节活性的主要因素之一。     

Fucoidan对巨噬细胞RAW264.7的免疫调节作用

目的观察褐藻多糖硫酸酯(Fucoidan)对巨噬细胞RAW264.7体外吞噬活性、细胞因子TNF-α和IL-6分泌,以及Toll样受体4(TLR4)mRNA表达的影响。方法实验分对照组,Fucoidan高、中、低剂量组(浓度分别是200、400和800μg/mL)。药物处理6~48h后,MTT法检测RAW264.7细胞活力;中性红比色法检测细胞吞噬活性;ELISA法检测培养上清中TNF-α和IL-6的分泌水平;实时定量PCR检测Toll样受体4(TLR4)mRNA表达量。结果与对照组相比,Fucoidan显著增强RAW264.7细胞代谢活力和吞噬能力(P0.01),增加TNF-α和IL-6的分泌,上调TLR4的表达,呈剂量依赖关系。结论 Fucoidan可上调TLR4表达,增强巨噬细胞代谢和吞噬活性,增加TNF-α和IL-6的分泌,具有潜在的调节免疫作用。     

绿原酸对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞免疫调节作用的研究

研究绿原酸(Chlorogenic acid,CGA)对静息状态及脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharides,LPS)激活状态下小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞功能的影响。采用不同浓度的绿原酸作用于静息的和经LPS刺激的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测细胞活力,中性红吞噬实验检测巨噬细胞吞噬能力,Griess法检测NO的产生,酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测巨噬细胞细胞培养上清液中IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-10的分泌水平。试验结果表明在正常状态及LPS激活状态下,绿原酸均能提高下小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的代谢活力、增强吞噬能力、增加NO、促炎性细胞因子IL-1β、TNF-α的分泌量,降低抑炎性细胞因子IL-10的分泌量,且作用效果呈剂量依赖性。     

红毛五加多糖单一组分AHP-Ⅲ对巨噬细胞的免疫调节作用及其机制

探讨红毛五加多糖(Acanthopanax giraldii Hams polysaccharide)单一组分AHP-Ⅲ(Acanthopanax giraldii Hams polysaccharideⅢ)对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW 264.7的激活作用及机制。不同浓度AHP-Ⅲ作用RAW 264.7细胞,中性红试验检测细胞吞噬能力;ELISA和Griess法检测其IL-6、TNF-α和NO的释放量;RT-qPCR检测iNOS、TNF-α和IL-6 mRNA相对表达水平;Western blot检测NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白磷酸化水平。在实验浓度范围内,AHP-Ⅲ可显著增强RAW 264.7细胞的吞噬能力(P<0.05);促进RAW 264.7分泌NO、TNF-α和IL-6(P<0.05或P<0.001);并显著增加RAW 264.7细胞中IL-6、TNF-α和iNOS mRNA的表达量,呈剂量依赖性;Western blot结果表明,AHP-Ⅲ作用RAW 264.7细胞后,NF-κB中的p65、IKKβ、IκBα磷酸化水平明显升高。结果显示红毛五加多糖AHP-Ⅲ对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW 264.7具有显著激活作用。     

褪黑素的抗胃癌效应及其对TNF-α、NO表达的调节作用

目的 探讨褪黑素(melatonin, MLT)在体内外对胃癌细胞增殖活性的影响及其对肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、一氧化氮(NO)表达的调节作用。方法 构建不同浓度褪黑素干预皮下荷胃癌小鼠模型。测量各组小鼠肿瘤质量、体积;胸腺、脾脏指数;HE染色观察肿瘤组织形态;分离各组小鼠腹水巨噬细胞并计数分析。ELISA和比色法检测外周血清及腹水巨噬细胞培养液TNF-α、NO表达水平。不同浓度褪黑素干预小鼠胃癌细胞(MFC)。CCK-8检测各组MFC细胞的增殖活力;ELISA和比色法检测各组细胞培养上清TNF-α、NO表达水平。结果 褪黑素干预后小鼠肿瘤质量、体积均显著下降,脾和胸腺指数无明显变化;相比对照组,褪黑素组外周血清和腹水巨噬细胞培养液TNF-α、NO表达水平均明显升高。褪黑素干预后MFC细胞增殖活力明显下降,呈剂量依赖性;同时,褪黑素组相比对照组MFC细胞上清NO表达降低,TNF-α表达升高。结论 褪黑素体内外均能抑制胃癌细胞增殖活性,该作用与TNF-α表达上调、NO表达水平改变有关;也与体内巨噬细胞分泌TNF-α、NO水平增强有关。     

氧化低密度脂蛋白对THP-1巨噬细胞吞噬和分泌功能的影响

目的:探讨氧化低密度脂蛋白(oxidized low density lipoprotein,ox-LDL)对巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞吞噬功能和炎症相关因子分泌功能的影响。方法:利用佛波酯(phorbol ester,PMA)诱导THP-1细胞分化形成巨噬细胞,之后采用ox-LDL处理48小时后,诱导其形成泡沫细胞。利用中性红吞噬实验,分析泡沫细胞形成前后吞噬功能的变化;通过ELISA法,检测细胞培养上清中肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factorα,TNF-α)含量,观察ox-LDL对THP-1巨噬细胞功能的影响。结果:细胞形态学结果表明,我们成功利用ox-LDL诱导THP-1巨噬细胞形成泡沫细胞;进一步发现ox-LDL诱导THP-1巨噬细胞表面的清道夫受体CD36表达升高,并促进细胞吞噬功能增加,进一步促进细胞内胆固醇含量显著升高(P0.05);同时,ox-LDL能够刺激巨噬细胞大量分泌TNF-α(P0.05)。结论:ox-LDL通过增强清道夫受体CD36表达,提高巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,引起大量胆固醇聚集,产生细胞毒性损伤,并促进TNF-α炎性因子的大量分泌。     

异丙肾上腺素对小鼠腹膜巨噬细胞分泌及吞噬功能影响的研究

目的:研究异丙肾上腺素对脂多糖诱导BALB/C小鼠腹膜巨噬细胞分泌TNF-α,IL-10及吞噬功能的影响.方法:分别以10μM、100μM和300μM异丙肾上腺素加入BALB/C小鼠腹膜巨噬细胞培养液,2h后用脂多糖(LPS,10μg/mL)刺激,孵育6h后以ELISA法测定上清中TNF-α水平,24h后测定上清中IL-10的含量,并观察腹膜巨噬细胞时中性红吞噬能力的变化.结果:异丙肾上腺素使BALB/C小鼠腹膜巨噬细胞分泌TNF-α降低,IL-10分泌增加,增加巨噬细胞对中性红的吞噬能力.结论:异丙肾上腺素能调节巨噬细胞分泌功能及吞噬功能,使炎性因子分泌减少,抑炎因子分泌增多,增强巨噬细胞吞噬中性红的能力.     

植物乳杆菌JLK0142胞外多糖对RAW264.7巨噬细胞和免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用

【目的】研究植物乳杆菌JLK0142胞外多糖(EPS)对RAW264.7巨噬细胞和免疫抑制小鼠免疫活性的影响。【方法】从植物乳杆菌JLK0142培养液中分离纯化EPS,采用体外细胞培养,测定EPS对巨噬细胞增殖、吞噬活性和一氧化氮(NO)分泌的影响;采用环磷酰胺构建免疫抑制小鼠模型,灌胃不同剂量的EPS,分别测定小鼠脾脏指数、T淋巴细胞增殖活力及血清中IL-2和TNF-α水平。【结果】植物乳杆菌JLK0142胞外多糖在50–800μg/m L浓度范围内能促进正常状态RAW264.7巨噬细胞的增殖,显著提高巨噬细胞的吞噬活性及NO的分泌量;与模型组相比,EPS中、高剂量组小鼠脾脏指数和T淋巴细胞增殖活力显著提高;EPS高剂量组小鼠血清中IL-2和TNF-α含量显著提高。【结论】植物乳杆菌JLK0142胞外多糖能有效提高RAW264.7巨噬细胞的免疫活力,并拮抗环磷酰胺对小鼠免疫功能的抑制作用。     

恰麻古多糖对巨噬细胞RAW264.7体外免疫调节作用初探

初步探讨恰麻古粗多糖BRP、中性多糖BRNP-1、BRNP-2及酸性多糖BRAP-1、BRAP-2对巨噬细胞RAW264.7的免疫调节作用。实验方法选用CCK-8法检测不同质量浓度各恰麻古多糖组对巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞增殖率的影响;以中性红法观察各组恰麻古多糖对巨噬细胞RAW264.7吞噬活性的影响;Griess法测定恰麻古多糖致巨噬细胞RAW264.7对NO的释放水平;采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)试剂盒检测细胞因子TNF-α(肿瘤坏死因子)与IL-6(白介素-6)分泌水平。实验结果显示不同质量浓度各恰麻古多糖组能够显著提高巨噬细胞RAW264.7增殖率与对中性红的吞噬活性,并能够刺激巨噬细胞释放NO,且促进其TNF-α及IL-6分泌水平。通过实验,初步验证了各恰麻古多糖具有良好的生物活性,并对巨噬细胞RAW264.7具有免疫调节作用。     

褐藻多糖硫酸酯免疫调节和抗肿瘤活性研究

目的研究褐藻多糖硫酸酯(Fucoidan)体外抗肿瘤及免疫调节作用。方法采用MTT法检测Fu-coidan对Hca-F肝癌细胞体外生长和对正常小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响;中性红比色法检测Fucoidan对小鼠脾Mφ吞噬活性的影响;ELISA法检测Fucoidan对脾细胞细胞因子分泌水平的影响。结果浓度低于1 000μg/ml时Fu-coidan对Hca-F肝癌细胞体外生长抑制作用不明显(P0.05);Fucoidan对脾淋巴细胞增殖、Mφ吞噬活性及细胞因子IL-6、IL-10、IL-12、IL-18和TNF-α的分泌均有增加趋势。结论 Fucoidan对体外培养的小鼠Hca-F肝癌细胞生长有一定的抑制作用;可提高细胞与分子免疫应答水平,调节细胞因子分泌,发挥抗肿瘤作用。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Determination of stoichiometry of radioiodination of proteins

A sensitive method for the detection of small quantities of hydrophobic antioxidant free radical scavengers such as butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA) in aqueous samples is described. The procedure involves extraction of the hydrophobic free radical scavenger into an organic solvent phase, followed by the subsequent reaction of an aliquot of this extract with the stable cation radical tris(p-bromophenyl)amminium hexachloroantimonate (TBACA). In experiments with BHT and BHA, the loss of TBACA absorbance at 730 nm was found to be linearly proportional to the amount of antioxidant added, with quantities of BHT as small as 200 pmol being easily detectable. In aqueous suspensions of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles, assays of the aqueous BHT concentration showed that BHT partitioned strongly into the membrane phase, achieving very high BHT/phospholipid ratios. For a given concentration of BHT, partitioning into the membrane phase was greater in large, multilamellar liposomes than in either small, single-walled vesicles or in purified rat brain synaptic vesicle membranes. Direct assay of BHT and BHA in phospholipid membranes, however, was complicated by a nonspecific interaction between TBACA and the phospholipid.