小麦纤维素颗粒联合凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片治疗晚期妊娠便秘的临床观察CSCD

目的评估小麦纤维素颗粒联合凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片治疗晚期妊娠便秘的临床疗效及安全性。方法选择210例晚期妊娠便秘孕妇,采用随机数字表方法,将孕妇分为三组,分别为小麦纤维素组、益生菌组和联合组,每组70例。小麦纤维素组孕妇给予服用小麦纤维素颗粒(商品名:非比麸),3.5g/次,每天2次,连续服用2周。益生菌组孕妇给予口服凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片,首次2.1g,以后1.05g/次,3次/d,温水送服,连续服用2周。联合组孕妇给予口服凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片和小麦纤维素颗粒(用法同前),连续服用2周。比较三组孕妇治疗前后大便性状评分和每周排便次数,粪便菌群中乳杆菌属、肠球菌属、酵母样真菌变化情况。观察三组孕妇治疗过程中的不良反应。结果联合组孕妇总有效率为91.43%,明显高于益生菌组(84.29%)和小麦纤维素组(82.86%),差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗结束后,联合组孕妇大便性状评分和每周排便次数均优于小麦纤维素组和益生菌组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组孕妇乳杆菌属和肠球菌属均高于小麦纤维素组和益生菌组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组孕妇酵母样真菌均低于小麦纤维素组和益生菌组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三组孕妇治疗过程中未出现明显的恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻、过敏等不良反应,治疗期间检测血糖无异常。结论麦纤维素颗粒联合凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片治疗晚期妊娠便秘具有良好的临床疗效,可有效改善孕妇的大便性状和增加排便次数,能有效改善肠道菌群分布,安全性较高,值得临床推广使用。     

小麦纤维素颗粒联合凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片治疗晚期妊娠便秘的临床观察

目的评估小麦纤维素颗粒联合凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片治疗晚期妊娠便秘的临床疗效及安全性。方法选择210例晚期妊娠便秘孕妇,采用随机数字表方法,将孕妇分为三组,分别为小麦纤维素组、益生菌组和联合组,每组70例。小麦纤维素组孕妇给予服用小麦纤维素颗粒(商品名:非比麸),3.5g/次,每天2次,连续服用2周。益生菌组孕妇给予口服凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片,首次2.1g,以后1.05g/次,3次/d,温水送服,连续服用2周。联合组孕妇给予口服凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片和小麦纤维素颗粒(用法同前),连续服用2周。比较三组孕妇治疗前后大便性状评分和每周排便次数,粪便菌群中乳杆菌属、肠球菌属、酵母样真菌变化情况。观察三组孕妇治疗过程中的不良反应。结果联合组孕妇总有效率为91.43%,明显高于益生菌组(84.29%)和小麦纤维素组(82.86%),差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗结束后,联合组孕妇大便性状评分和每周排便次数均优于小麦纤维素组和益生菌组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);联合组孕妇乳杆菌属和肠球菌属均高于小麦纤维素组和益生菌组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);联合组孕妇酵母样真菌均低于小麦纤维素组和益生菌组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。三组孕妇治疗过程中未出现明显的恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻、过敏等不良反应,治疗期间检测血糖无异常。结论麦纤维素颗粒联合凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片治疗晚期妊娠便秘具有良好的临床疗效,可有效改善孕妇的大便性状和增加排便次数,能有效改善肠道菌群分布,安全性较高,值得临床推广使用。     

凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片联合益生菌低聚糖粉治疗妊娠期便秘的临床观察

【摘 要】 目的 观察和评价凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片（商品名：爽舒宝）联合益生菌低聚糖粉治疗妊娠期便秘的临床疗效。方法 将100例妊娠期便秘患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组60例,对照组40例,两组均给予基础治疗。其中治疗组在此基础上同时口服凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片和益生菌低聚糖粉,凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片首次2.1 g,以后1.05 g/次,3次/d;益生菌低聚糖粉10 g/次,3次/d,温水送服,疗程14 d。观察治疗前后便秘改善情况。结果 治疗组总有效率、大便频率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05 )。结论 凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片联合益生菌低聚糖粉治疗妊娠期便秘疗效显著,值得临床推广。     

凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片治疗妊娠期便秘的临床观察

目的 观察和评价凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片(商品名:爽舒宝)治疗妊娠期便秘的临床疗效.方法 将80例妊娠期便秘患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组和对照组均为40例,两组均给予基础治疗.其中治疗组在基础治疗的同时加用凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片,首次2.1g,以后1.05g/次,3次/d,温水送服.观察治疗前后大便次数、粪便性状,有无排便不尽及排便费力感、腹部不适、腹胀、腹痛.结果 治疗组总有效率、大便频率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),同时治疗组患者治疗后无腹部不适、腹胀、排便费力、排便不尽感等新症状出现,明显优于对照组.结论 凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片辅助治疗妊娠期便秘疗效显著,值得临床推广.     

凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片预防产褥期便秘的临床观察

目的观察和评价凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片(商品名:爽舒宝)预防产褥期便秘的临床疗效。方法选取我院正常分娩(阴道分娩或剖宫产)的产妇200例,按随机数字表分为观察组和对照组,每组均为100例。观察组的100例产妇给予口服凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片,首次2.1 g,后1.05 g/次,3次/d,温水送服,疗程为14 d;对照组的100例产妇不服用任何微生态制剂药物。观察两组产妇便秘发生率和大便次数、大便量、大便性状等。结果观察组产妇便秘的发生率为15%,明显低于对照组的50%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组产妇大便次数及大便量均明显多于对照组,大便性状明显比对照组有所改善,且无伴随症状。结论凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片预防产褥期便秘疗效显著,值得临床推广。     

凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片治疗孕妇功能性腹胀的临床疗效

目的探讨凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片(商品名:爽舒宝)治疗孕妇功能性腹胀的临床疗效。方法选取193例功能性腹胀的孕妇,随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组指导注意饮食、加强运动等进行调理,治疗组在上述调理的基础上口服凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片,首次服用6片,以后3片/次,3次/d,疗程为4周。观察孕妇胀气、排气、排便的变化情况以及观察药物不良反应。结果治疗4周后,孕妇胀气、排气、排便情况均得到明显改善,显著优于对照组(t分别为-1.991、-2.548、-1.951,P0.05)。治疗过程中未发现药物不良反应。结论凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片治疗孕妇功能性腹胀取得了较好的疗效,安全性好,值得临床推广。     

凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片预防先兆流产保胎妇女胃肠功能紊乱的临床观察

目的观察凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片（商品名：爽舒宝）预防先兆流产保胎妇女胃肠功能紊乱的临床疗效。方法将60例先兆流产保胎妇女随机分为爽舒宝预防组和对照组,预防组30例,对照组30例,两组均给予常规服用保胎药物,出现顽固性便秘后用开塞露通便,其中预防组在此基础上同时口服凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片首次2. 1 g,以后1.05 g/次,3次/d,温水送服,疗程2-4周。观察保胎期间孕妇胃肠功能紊乱情况和使用开塞露的通便次数。结果预防组患者胃肠功能紊乱的发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05 ）。结论凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片预防先兆流产保胎妇女胃肠功能紊乱疗效显著,值得临床推广。     

凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片预防剖腹产术后胃肠功能紊乱的临床观察

目的 观察和评价凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片(商品名:爽舒宝)预防剖腹产术后胃肠功能紊乱的临床疗效.方法 将60例妊娠期患者随机分为预防组和对照组,预防组和对照组均为30例.其中预防组住院后开始口服凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片,首次2.1g,以后1.05 g/次,3次/d,温水送服.观察两组患者剖腹产术后便秘、腹部不适、腹胀、腹痛、食欲不振等消化道症状.结果 预防组术后首次排便时间明显短于对照组,大便频率增加,腹部不适、腹胀、排便费力等伴随症状发生率明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片预防剖腹产术后胃肠功能紊乱疗效显著,值得临床推广.     

凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片联合米氮平治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征的疗效观察

目的观察及评估凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片联合米氮平治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征(diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome,IBS-D)的临床疗效。方法将67例腹泻型肠易激综合征患者随机分成3组,A组服用凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片联合米氮平片治疗;B组单用米氮平片治疗;C组单用凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片治疗。连续用药4周,观察疗效和安全性。结果 A组患者总有效率为95.5%,明显高于B组的63.6%和C组的65.2%(P0.01),B组共有3例患者治疗后出现轻微头晕、嗜睡、乏力症状,A组和C组患者未见任何不良反应。结论凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片联合米氮平治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征能显著改善患者临床症状及生活质量,效果显著,安全可靠,值得进一步临床推广使用。     

凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片预防小儿肺炎继发性腹泻疗效观察

目的观察和评价凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片（商品名：爽舒宝）与抗菌药联用预防小儿肺炎继发性腹泻的临床疗效。方法将164例肺炎患儿随机分为预防组和对照组,预防组84例,对照组80例,两组均给予抗菌药及对症支持治疗。其中预防组在治疗的同时序贯（间隔2～3h）应用凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片,出现腹泻继续服用;对照组单用抗菌药,出现腹泻用凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片治疗。对两组继发性腹泻的发生率、腹泻持续天数、肺炎治疗的总疗程、腹痛和肠鸣音异常等症状和体征进行统计分析。结果预防组继发腹泻10例,发生率11．9％,对照组继发腹泻41例,发生率51．3％,两组相比差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;预防组腹泻持续时间和治疗疗程显著短于对照组（P〈0．05）;预防组患儿腹痛、肠鸣音异常和脱水等症状和体征发生率均少于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片与抗菌药序贯应用治疗肺炎,能显著降低继发性腹泻的发生率,缩短疗程,值得临床推广。     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.     

2016年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2016年中国植物科学持续稳步发展, 表现在中国植物科学家在国际主流高影响力学术期刊发表文章的数量稳中有升, 中国植物科学领域的期刊逆风出行, 进入研究性期刊世界前三甲行列。中国科学家在植物学诸多领域取得了丰硕的成果。水稻(Oryza sativa)产量性状杂种优势的分子遗传机制解析入选2016年中国科学十大进展; 植物受精过程中雌雄配子体信号识别机制的研究和独脚金内酯的受体感知机制入选2016年生命科学十大进展。我国植物科学, 特别是以水稻为代表的作物研究在国际学术界已占有一席之地。例如, 在水稻组学(如基因组和转录组等)资源和技术平台的建立、重测序的开发及功能基因的克隆和调控网络的解析方面取得了系列重要成果(如揭示了独脚金内酯信号转导的“去抑制化激活”机制、从分子水平上阐释了水稻籼粳杂种不育和广亲和性基因S5的作用机理及发现了控制水稻耐冷的基因组位点), 已经引领世界水稻乃至作物科学研究。该文对2016年中国本土植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究进展进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和研究热点, 与读者共享我国科学家所取得的杰出成就。