重组腺病毒载体乙肝疫苗的免疫学研究

目的比较腺病毒(Adenovirus,Ad)载体乙型肝炎病毒(Hapotitis B virus,HBV)疫苗鼻腔黏膜、皮下注射接种小鼠免疫效果.方法以腺病毒为载体、以HBV preS2/S为目的基因构建重组疫苗,然后将重组疫苗分别鼻黏膜和皮下接种BALB/c小鼠,与阴性对照组(载体对照组、生理盐水对照组)比较接种重组疫苗35、72 d的免疫效果.结果鼻腔接种Ad HBV疫苗组动物在72 d时血清抗体终末效价为1/2 470,同时可提高NK细胞杀伤能力和干扰素-γ、IL-2含量升高.皮下注射Ad HBV在免疫35 d和72 d、1∶200血清稀释度均未测到阳性抗体(A值,P/N值＜2.1).结论重组疫苗黏膜接种诱导小鼠产生特异抗体和细胞免疫反应高于皮下接种途径.     

miR-146a过表达缓解高脂饮食模型小鼠的炎症及胰岛素抵抗

该研究探讨了外源miR-146a对高脂饮食诱导的小鼠体内炎症及胰岛素抵抗的影响。使用45%高脂饲料连续喂养小鼠18周,第5周开始尾静脉注射腺病毒载体(30μL),每隔3周注射1次,共注射5次;第17周、18周分别对小鼠模型进行葡萄糖耐量和胰岛素耐量检测;第19周处死小鼠后,取血清、肝脏和附睾脂肪组织。利用酶联免疫法检测血清TNF-α和IL-6含量,并分别用Real-time PCR和免疫组化法检测肝脏和附睾脂肪组织中miR-146a和CD68表达,同时用Western blot观察了胰岛素作用前后肝脏中Akt磷酸化水平。结果显示,与对照组相比,尾静脉注射miR-146a腺病毒表达载体,可显著提高肝脏和附睾脂肪组织中miR-146a的表达水平(P0.05),降低CD68表达量(P0.01,P0.001),同时显著降低血清中TNF-α和IL-6含量(P0.05,P0.01),胰岛素作用之后肝脏p-AktSer473磷酸化水平明显升高(P0.05),葡萄糖耐量和胰岛素耐量试验结果提示,小鼠糖耐量和胰岛素敏感性均有所提高(P0.01,P0.05)。研究结果表明,通过尾静脉注射miR-146a腺病毒表达载体,可提高小鼠体内miR-146a表达量,从而缓解慢性炎症,减轻胰岛素抵抗状态。     

细菌溶解产物联合匹多莫德对反复呼吸道感染儿童炎性因子水平及免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨细菌溶解产物联合匹多莫德(PDT)治疗儿童反复呼吸道感染(RRTI)的临床效果及对血清炎性因子水平及免疫功能的影响。方法:选取我院2015年1月~2017年1月收治的122例RRTI患儿,采用随机数字表法均分为两组。对照组予以PDT治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用细菌溶解产物治疗。比较两组治疗前后血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、免疫球蛋白(IgA、IgG、IgM)水平的变化及临床疗效。结果:与治疗前对比,两组治疗3个月后血清IL-6、TNF-α水平均显著下降(P0.01),血清IL-10、IgA、IgG、IgM水平均显著升高(P0.01),且观察组血清IL-6、TNF-α水平均显著低于对照组,血清IL-10、IgA、IgG、IgM水平明显高于对照组(P0.01)。治疗3个月后,观察组总有效率为93.4%,较对照组明显升高(80.3%)(P0.05)。结论:反复呼吸道感染儿童应用细菌溶解产物联合匹多莫德治疗更能有效调节机体促炎-抗炎介质平衡、增强免疫功能,临床疗效显著。     

核心蛋白聚糖对慢性哮喘小鼠气道和肺血管胶原沉积的影响

目的:研究核心蛋白聚糖(decorin)对哮喘小鼠气道及肺血管胶原沉积的影响.方法:30只雌性昆明系小鼠随机分为对照组、慢性哮喘组及decorin干预组,每组10只.慢性哮喘组和decorin干预组小鼠第0、7、14d腹腔注射卵蛋白(OVA)致敏;第22d始雾化吸入2.5％OVA溶液激发哮喘,每次30min,每周3次,连续8周;decorin干预组小鼠每次OVA激发前2h腹腔注射decorin(0.25mg·kg-1)干预;对照组全部以生理盐水代替.末次激发24h后处死小鼠.酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法测定小鼠血清和肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中转化生长因子-β1 (TGF-β1)水平;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色及Masson三色染色观察肺组织切片病理改变及胶原沉积;图像分析软件测定气道血管胶原沉积.结果:慢性哮喘组血清及BALF中TGF-β1水平显著高于对照组(P均＜0.01),而decorin 干预组较慢性哮喘组明显降低(P均＜0.01);慢性哮喘组气道壁胶原沉积厚度及肺血管壁胶原沉积厚度显著高于对照组(P均＜0.01),而decorin干预组上述改变较慢性哮喘组明显减轻(P均＜0.01).结论:Decorin干预可减轻哮喘小鼠气道及肺血管胶原沉积.     

阻生智齿拔除术患者前后龈沟液中炎症因子和应激因子水平变化及临床意义

目的:探讨阻生智齿拔除术患者前后龈沟液中炎症因子和应激因子水平变化及临床意义。方法:选择我院2017年1月至2019年1月192例行阻生智齿拔除术的患者为研究对象(观察组),并选择100例口腔健康志愿者作为对照组,检测观察组阻生智齿拔除术术前、术后2d、术后5d及对照组龈沟液中白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、丙二醛(MDA)、活性氧(ROS)水平,并在术后2d记录观察组患者牙龈指数(GI),探讨各指标与患者预后的关系。结果:观察组术前龈沟液IL-8、TNF-α、MDA及ROS水平与对照组无显著差异(P0.05),术后2d、术后5d龈沟液IL-8、TNF-α、MDA及ROS水平均高于对照组(P0.05);观察组术后2d龈沟液IL-8、TNF-α、MDA及ROS水平高于术前和术后5d(P0.05),术后5d龈沟液IL-8、TNF-α、MDA及ROS水平高于术前(P0.05);GI分级3级患者龈沟液IL-8、TNF-α、MDA及ROS水平高于GI分级2级患者,GI分级2级患者龈沟液IL-8、TNF-α、MDA及ROS水平高于GI分级1级患者(P0.05);龈沟液IL-8、TNF-α、MDA及ROS水平与术后GI分级均呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:阻生智齿拔除术患者手术前后龈沟液IL-8、TNF-α、MDA及ROS水平会出现波动,且术后各指标水平可反映患者预后情况。     

TLR4mAb对急性溃疡性结肠炎模型大鼠TLR4、TNF-α、IL-1β表达的影响

目的:探讨Toll样受体4单克隆抗体(TLR4m A)对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)模型大鼠肠TLR4、TNF-α、IL-1β表达的影响及其对UC的可能作用机制。方法:30只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、TLR4m Ab干预组。模型组及TLR4m Ab干预组采用三硝基苯磺酸(TNBs)法造模,TLR4m Ab干预组给予TLR4m Ab10μg腹腔注射,正常对照组及模型组以生理盐水代替TLR4m Ab腹腔注射,剂量及频次相同,第8天处死全部大鼠。分别进行疾病活动指数(DAI)评分及组织病理学(HPS)评分,采用免疫组化法检测结肠组织TLR4的原位表达,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA法)检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)的浓度。结果:模型组DAI及HPS评分均明显高于正常对照组(P0.05),TLR4m Ab干预组较模型组有所缓解(P0.05)。TLR4、TNF-α、IL-1β在模型组表达均明显高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),在TLR4m Ab干预组的表达均明显低于模型组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:急性溃疡性结肠炎的发病与异常免疫反应有关。TLR4m Ab可影响肠黏膜TLR4及下游炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β的表达,减轻急性溃疡性结肠炎大鼠的肠道炎症反应。     

血清TGF-β1、BMP-7、IL-6及TNF-α与新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的关系研究

目的:探讨新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)患儿血清中转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、骨形态发生蛋白-7(BMP-7)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的变化及与病情严重程度的相关性。方法:选取2017年2月至2019年2月在本院出生的75名NRDS早产儿,根据出生后12 h内是否接受肺表面活性物质(PS)治疗分为PS组(n=37)和非PS组(n=38),同期选择36例非NRDS早产儿作为对照组。比较出生后不同时间点各组早产儿血清四种细胞因子水平,Spearman相关性分析四种细胞因子与病情严重程度的相关性。结果:PS组患儿出生后0、1、3 d血清四种细胞因子均呈先升高后降低趋势(P0.05),血清TGF-β1、BMP-7水平在出生后1d和3d高于对照组(P0.05),血清IL-6、TNF-α始终高于对照组(P0.05);非PS组患儿出生后0、1、3、7 d血清TGF-β1、BMP-7、IL-6、TNF-α均持续升高(P0.05),且始终高于对照组(P0.05),血清TGF-β1、BMP-7水平在出生后3 d和7 d高于PS组,血清IL-6、TNF-α在出生后7 d高于PS组(P0.05)。IL-6、TNF-α水平随NRDS早产儿病情分级的提高而升高(P0.05),Spearman相关性分析结果显示,血清TNF-α、IL-6水平与病情严重程度呈正相关(均P0.05)。结论:NRDS早产儿血清TGF-β1、BMP-7、IL-6、TNF-α水平明显升高,经PS治疗后,NRDS早产儿炎性因子水平明显降低,检测IL-6、TNF-α水平有助于评估NRDS早产儿的病情。     

PDTC调控癌性恶病质肌肉萎缩的实验研究

目的:本研究旨在评价吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸盐(PDTC)对C26癌性恶病质小鼠肌肉萎缩的调控作用.方法:采用雄性BALB/c小鼠皮下接种C26结肠癌细胞诱导癌性恶病质模型,荷瘤鼠自第7天开始每日腹腔注射生理盐水及PDTC(10、50及100 mg/kg),第16天处死小鼠后测量体重、去瘤体重及腓肠肌重量,检测肿瘤组织NF-KB活性,血清及肿瘤组织IL-6水平.结果:荷瘤对照组出现显著的去瘤体重下降及腓肠肌分解(P＜0.01),血清及肿瘤组织IL-6水平显著升高(P＜0.01).PDTC能够显著抑制肿瘤组织NF-kB的激活,从而抑制了肿瘤组织IL-6的合成,其抑制程度与PDTC剂量相关,同时抑制了去瘤体重、腓肠肌的消耗,且腓肠肌重量与血清IL-6水平呈显著负相关(r=0.87,P＜0.01).结论:PDTC能够显著抑制肿瘤组织NF-kB的激活及IL-6的合成,从而抑制癌性肌肉萎缩.     

室旁核注射胰高血糖素样肽-1对不同病程糖尿病大鼠胃排空的影响

目的:研究下丘脑室旁核(paraventricular nucleus,PVN)注射胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)对糖尿病早期大鼠胃排空的影响,并探讨其相关作用机制.方法:60只清洁级雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC组),糖尿病组(DM组),GLP-1干预组(GLP-1组),每组各20只,后两组腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)制备糖尿病模型,分别于注射STZ2周、6周后每组随机取半数进行实验,实验前于无菌条件下大鼠一侧下丘脑PVN区埋置套管,GLP-1组经套管注入GLP-1,NC组及DM组注入等体积生理盐水.酚红灌胃法检测胃排空率,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血浆GLP-1浓度,半定量RT-PCR法测定胃窦、胃底GLP-1RmRNA表达.结果:注射STZ2周后,DM组较NC组胃排空率显著升高(P＜0.01).GLP-1组胃排空率低于DM组(P＜0.01),血浆GLP-1浓度高于DM组及NC组(P均＜0.05),胃窦GLP-1RmRNA表达明显高于DM组、NC组(P均＜0.01).注射STZ 6周后,DM组胃排空率高于NC组(P＜0.01).GLP-1组较DM组胃排空率显著降低(P＜0.01),血浆GLP-1浓度、胃窦GLP-1RmRNA表达显著高于DM组、NC组(P均＜0.01).结论:下丘脑PVN区注射GLP-1后,可减慢糖尿病大鼠初期加速的胃排空,原因可能与血浆GLP-1浓度及胃窦GLP-1RmRNA表达增加有关.     

HSV-2gD重组腺病毒疫苗的构建及免疫原性分析

Ⅱ型单纯疱疹病毒(Herpes simplex virus 2,HSV-2)是引起生殖器疱疹(Genital herpes,GH)的主要病原体,研制有效的HSV-2疫苗是控制病毒传播的有效途径,本研究通过穿梭载体pDC316将糖蛋白D2(Glucoprotein D2,gD2)基因连接到腺病毒载体上,制备HSV-2重组腺病毒rAd-gD2,经PCR和Western blot的方法在基因和蛋白水平上鉴定正确后,分别于第0、2、4周免疫小鼠,以PBS和空白腺病毒载体(AdV)为对照,第7周取血,通过检测小鼠血清中gD2特应性IgG和中和抗体评价体液免疫应答,检测Th1/Th2型细胞因子评价细胞免疫应答。结果显示经过3次免疫,小鼠产生了高水平的gD2特应性IgG和较高水平的中和抗体,Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-2明显高于对照组,Th2型细胞因子IL-4、IL-5和IL-10均高于对照组,P0.01,具有显著的统计学意义。本研究制备的rAd-gD2既可以刺激小鼠产生体液免疫应答,也可以产生细胞免疫应答,与预期设想一致,为未来HSV-2疫苗的研发提供了数据基础。     

Management of time by the cell and by the organism

Time-dependent regulations of cells and organisms can be analysed at different levels. One of these levels is the periodicity of cell functions such as cell division, metabolic processes (generation of ATP by glycolysis or oxidative mitochondrial processes) and the biosynthesis of cell constituents. Studies carried out on unicellular eukaryotes revealed the periodic, oscillatory nature of most of these processes. Time constants of these reactions vary from nanoseconds to hours-days, necessitating coupling mechanisms. Comparative studies revealed the coupling of the rapid processes (mitochondrial ATP generation) to the slower rhythms of the biosynthetic processes of macromolecules. Adenine nucleotides are involved in the coupling mechanisms between rapid and slow processes ("the slow dance of life to the music of time"). The mechanisms underlying these rhythmic processes involve either key allosteric regulatory enzymes (PFK for glycolysis) or "desensitization" of receptors by phosphorylation-dephosphorylation. At the organismic level the study of rhythmic processes is illustrated by the periodicity of heart beats, shown to exhibit multifractality, following apparently the formalism of deterministic chaos. Another example is the rhythmic oscillatory discharges of neuronal networks. The existence of subrhythmes mostly of epigenetic nature, facilitated probably the progressive adjustment of cells during evolution to the slow increase of day time since the separation of the moon from the earth. We analysed the mechanisms underlying the decline of these processes during aging. Loss of receptors or/and their uncoupling from their transmission pathway appear to be involved in most of these processes of decline. One conclusion of this review is the importance of epigenetic mechanisms both in the genesis and in the decline of these rythmic processes involved in time keeping by the cell.     

Neuroprotection by the steroids pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone is mediated by the enzyme aromatase

Pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) are sex hormone precursors and neuroprotective steroids. Effects of pregnenolone and DHEA may be in part mediated by their conversion to testosterone and by the consecutive conversion of testosterone to estradiol by the enzyme aromatase. This enzyme is induced in reactive astrocytes after different forms of neurodegenerative lesions and the resultant local production of estradiol in the brain has been shown to be neuroprotective. The participation of aromatase in the neuroprotective effect of pregnenolone and DHEA has been assessed in this study. The protective effect of different doses (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) of pregnenolone or DHEA, against systemic kainic acid (7 mg/kg b.w.), was assessed on hippocampal hilar neurons in gonadectomized Wistar male rats. To determine whether the neuroprotective effect of pregnenolone and DHEA was dependent on their conversion to estradiol, the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole (4.16 mg/ml) was administered using subcutaneous osmotic minipumps. The number of Nissl-stained neurons in the hilus of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation was estimated by the optical disector method. The administration of kainic acid resulted in a significant decrease in the number of hilar neurons compared to rats injected with vehicles. Pregnenolone and DHEA showed a dose-dependent protective effect of hilar neurons against kainic acid. The administration of the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole blocked the neuroprotective effect of pregnenolone and DHEA. These findings suggest that estradiol formation by aromatase mediates neuroprotective effects of pregnenolone and DHEA against excitotoxic-induced neuronal death in the hippocampus.     

An epithelial precursor is regulated by the ureteric bud and by the renal stroma

Kidney epithelia develop from the metanephric mesenchyme after receiving inductive signals from the ureteric bud and from the renal stroma. However, it is not clear how these signals induce the different types of epithelia that make up the nephron. To investigate inductive signaling, we have isolated clusters of epithelial progenitors from the metanephric mesenchyme, thereby separating them from the renal stroma. When the isolated progenitors were treated with the ureteric bud factor LIF, they expressed epithelial proteins (ZO-1, E-cadherin, laminin alpha(5)) and produced nephrons (36 glomeruli with 58 tubules), indicating that they are the target of inductive signaling from the ureteric bud, and that renal stroma is not absolutely required for epithelial development in vitro. In fact, stroma-depleted epithelial progenitors produced sevenfold more glomeruli than did intact metanephric mesenchyme (5 glomeruli, 127 tubules). Conversely, when epithelial progenitors were treated with both LIF and proteins secreted from a renal stromal cell line, glomerulogenesis was abolished but tubular epithelia were expanded (0 glomeruli, 47 tubules). Hence, by isolating epithelial progenitors from the metanephric mesenchyme, we show that they are targeted by factors from the ureteric bud and from the renal stroma, and that epithelial diversification is stimulated by the ureteric bud and limited by renal stroma.