山东省滨州市湿地水鸟的多样性调查

于2008年3月～2009年4月,采用路线调查法和定点观察法对滨州市区水鸟多样性情况进行了调查,共记录7目15科36属64种。其中国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类1种,国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类2种;冬候鸟10种(15.6%),夏候鸟18种(28.1%),旅鸟28种(43.8%),留鸟8种(12.5%)。区系组成包括:古北界40种(62.5%),东洋界6种(9.4%),广布种鸟类18种(28.1%)。多样性分析显示,滨州市区水鸟的Shannon-Wiener指数H′=2.5655、Pielou指数J=0.6169及G-F指数DG-F=0.6137。在市区3个水库中,北海水库的水鸟多样性指数最高。人类活动和自然环境恶化是该地区水鸟面临的主要威胁。     

崇明东滩冬季水鸟的种类和生境偏好

20 0 2年 11月～ 2 0 0 3年 1月对崇明东滩自然保护区的越冬水鸟在 5种生境类型的分布、数量分别做了 2 0 0 0m× 10 0m的样带调查。共观察到水鸟 4 9种 ,整个群落个体总数 345 0 4只。其中低潮盐藻光滩带有鸟类37种 ,占水鸟个体总数的 39% ;海三棱草外带有 19种 ,占 6 % ;海三棱草内带有 10种 ,占 5 % ;堤外芦苇带有 4种 ,占 3% ;堤内鱼塘 -芦苇区有 37种 ,占 4 7%。这一结果证实了把围垦地转变为鱼塘 -芦苇湿地的生态恢复行动的合理性 ,因为最大的越冬水鸟物种多样性和个体多度出现在这种湿地中。     

鄱阳湖三个垦殖场的水鸟多样性

2017年11月至2018年4月,采用样点法对鄱阳湖3个垦殖场(五星、恒湖和康山)的水鸟多样性进行调查,共记录水鸟7目12科51种。国家I级重点保护鸟类有东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)和白鹤(Grus leucogeranus),国家II级重点保护鸟类5种。居留型方面,冬候鸟占绝对优势(35种,68.63%),区系方面,以古北界(33种,64.71%)为主。3个垦殖场自然生境水鸟多样性指数、均匀度指数均高于人工生境,这是因为自然生境连续大面积的草洲与浅水给大量水鸟提供了适宜的环境。自然生境中,康山垦殖场的水鸟多样性指数最高(3.417),五星最低(2.646);人工生境中,康山垦殖场水鸟多样性指数最高(2.986),恒湖最低(1.229),这与微生境多样化有关。研究表明,鄱阳湖垦殖场人工生境为灰鹤(Grus grus)、鸿雁(Anser cygnoid)等水鸟提供了良好的临时觅食地,在一定程度上缓解了鸟类对自然生境资源的竞争,是自然生境鸟类资源的重要补充,对鸟类多样性的维持和珍稀水鸟的保护有重要作用。鄱阳湖区自然生境仍然发挥着最重要的作用,应得到保护。     

三峡库区稀有植物裸芸香的遗传多样性和保育策略

采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)对采自长江三峡库区丰都(FD)、巫溪(WX)、巫山(WS)、巴东(BD)、兴山(XS)、秭归(ZG)6个自然居群的128份裸芸香(Psilopeganum sinense)样品进行了基因组DNA多态性分析。用13条引物,共扩增出85条谱带,其中57条多态带,多态位点占67．06％。6个居群的多态位点比率分别为25．97％(FD)、29．73％(WX)、24．32%(WC),43．21％(BD)、30．26％(XS)、39．19％(ZG)。用POPGENE 1．31版和NTSYS 2．10版软件对数据进行分析,结果显示：裸芸香具有较高的遗传多样性,居群总的Neis'基因多样性为0．2082,总Shannon信息多样性指数为0．3196;但各个居群内部遗传多样性较低,居群内平均Neis'基因多样性为0．1094,平均Shannon信息多样性指数为0．1641;居群间的基因分化系数Gst=0．5391,基因流Nm=0．4275,居群间基因分化大于居群内基因分化,居群间的基因交流相当少。UPGMA聚类可将6个居群分为两大类：丰都居群和以巴东居群为地理中心呈星散状分布的其他5个居群。居群间的遗传距离与地理距离呈显著正相关(r=0．93094,P=0．9861)。最后我们初步探讨了裸芸香的濒危原因,并提出了有效保护该物种的措施。     

滹沱河湿地石家庄段水鸟群落结构及多样性

2003年3月～2006年4月,对滹沱河湿地石家庄段水鸟进行了调查。共记录水鸟80种,隶属于7目16科。其中候鸟73种(夏候鸟、冬候鸟和旅鸟),留鸟7种;古北种62种,东洋种11种,广布种7种;国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类11种。鸻形目和雁形目鸟类占优势,各占水鸟种数的35.00%和30.00%。水鸟种类和数量高峰出现在4月和11月,低谷在1月和2月。多样性分析表明,冶河-黄壁庄水库和滹沱河-岗南水库Shannon-Weiner指数和G-F指数均高于石板水库,这与湿地面积和生境的多样性有关。滹沱河湿地石家庄段作为许多水鸟,尤其是黑鹳的重要栖息地,需进一步加强监测和保护。     

广东车八岭自然保护区鸟类多样性分析

于1998年1月-2000年12月对广东车八岭保护区鸟类进行了调查,加上文献记载,共计有223种鸟,隶属于42科、16目。其中东洋种占61．9％、古北种占27．3％、广布种占10．8％。对该区鸟类以G-F指数进行多样性统计,得F指数为27．85,G指数为4．692,G-F指数为0．832。在该区鸟类名录中,单种科13科,占总科数的31．0％;非单种科29科,占总科数的69．0％,所以G-F指数比较高。在本区鸟类各科中,鹅科、鹰科、雉科的多样性最高,GFk指数分别为3．106、2．409、2．08,占本区F指数的27．3％。与处于不同纬度地区的鸟类多样性相比,车八岭保护区的鸟类丰富程度与热带的尖峰岭地区及纬度更高的的江西武夷山地区的鸟类丰富度相当。     

浙江衢州中型土壤动物群落结构及其季节性变化

20 0 1年 3～ 12月 ,对浙江衢州地区红壤竹林地 (自然土壤 )、农耕 (水稻、茶叶、柑橘、甘蓝地 )和撂荒地的中型土壤动物做了调查。以种群密度、类群丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度 4个群落参数为指标 ,探讨中型土壤动物的群落结构和动态 ,再用 4个群落结构参数的欧几里得距离做聚类分析。结果表明 :① 19个类群出现在这 6类土壤中。其中 ,弹尾目 (Collembola)和蜱螨目 (Acarina)为优势类群 ,双翅目 (Diptera)、鞘翅目 (Coleoptera)和膜翅目 (Hymenoptera)为常见类群。②以年为单位计算 ,自然土壤与农耕和撂荒地 (共 5类 )动物群落结构不同 :前者类群丰富度 =13 2 5± 0 2 5 ,多样性指数 =2 2 7± 0 2 8;而后者类群丰富度 =7 5 5± 0 88,多样性指数 =1 5 7± 0 15 (因其间无差异 ,故合并计算 )。③以季节为单位计算 ,6类土壤的动物群落结构相似性聚类图有如下特征 :甘蓝地、茶叶地和柑橘地构成相似性最高的一组 ;它们先后与水稻田、撂荒地 ,最后与竹林地聚合。竹林地具有最高的动物类群丰富度和多样性指数 ,或可视为该地区质量最高的土壤类型     

江西都昌保护区越冬水鸟群落多样性及种多度

2015年12月至2016年1月,采用定点直接计数法对江西都昌保护区越冬期湿地水鸟群落的物种多样性和种多度进行了监测分析。结果显示:1)共记录在都昌保护区越冬的湿地水鸟6目11科28种,以雁形目、鸻形目、鹳形目鸟类为主(75.00%),其次为鹤形目、??目(21.42%);古北种占绝对优势(78.57%),其次为东洋种(14.29%);冬候鸟为主(78.57%),其次为留鸟(21.43%);涉禽(57.14%)和游禽(39.29%)居多;绝大部分湿地水鸟种类受到关注,35.71%的鸟种处于受胁状态,57.14%的鸟种已引起关注并被列入保护名录中;2)鸟类群落的多样性指数为0.758,均匀度指数为0.228;3)对数正态分布模型模拟的鸟类群落的种多度关系呈对数正态分布,符合鸟类群落常见性与罕见性分布的特性。     

鄱阳湖南矶湿地国家级自然保护区越冬水鸟监测

2013—2018年,每年12月20日—翌年1月10日采用样区直数法对鄱阳湖南矶湿地国家级自然保护区13个样区的水鸟多样性进行1次监测。结果表明:共记录水鸟7目12科45种129633只,每年总数量在11604～33053只;其中,国家I级重点保护鸟类有白鹤(Grus leucogeranus)、白头鹤(Grus monacha)和东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana),国家II级保护鸟类5种。本次共记录优势种9种,以雁鸭类和鹬科鸟类为主; 2013—2014年和2017—2018年优势种种类较多,2015—2016年每年优势种只有2种;大部分水鸟类群的数量变化趋势类似,提示合适的水位可为多种水鸟生态类群提供适宜的湿地复合体;??类数量高峰期正好是大部分水鸟数量较低或低谷期,提示水位对水鸟多样性的维持极其重要;不同样区的水鸟相似性指数为0.51～0.91;该保护区物种数和个体数总体呈上升趋势,这与绿翅鸭(Anas crecca)、红头潜鸭(Aythya ferina)、反嘴鹬(Recurvirostra avosetta)等在2016—2018年数量和遇见率较高有关;多样性和均匀度指数在2015—2016年明显下降,这与鸿雁(Anser cygnoid)或反嘴鹬占绝对优势有关;该地区鸟类资源丰富,东方白鹳和白琵鹭(Platalea leucorodia)种群数量大而稳定,鹤类几乎每年都有记录;南矶湿地保护区在鄱阳湖水鸟多样性维持和濒危水鸟特别是东方白鹳的保护上发挥着重要作用。本次监测持续年限较长,初步掌握了湖区优势鸟类及国家重点保护鸟类的种群动态规律,为该保护区的水鸟保护和栖息地管理提供了重要的科学依据。     

安徽桐城嬉子湖国家湿地公园水鸟多样性

水鸟群落多样性特征可以反映湿地公园内不同功能区的栖息地质量。除了研究水鸟群落的Alpha多样性, 其Beta多样性在空间维度上的物种周转和嵌套组分可以衡量不同功能区物种保护意义。为掌握嬉子湖国家湿地公园水鸟资源以及湿地公园建设成效, 于2019年1月至2019年12月在安徽桐城嬉子湖国家湿地公园内设置14个观测点进行水鸟调查。结果显示, 该湿地公园共有水鸟6目15科54种, 以冬候鸟为主(占53.70%); 鸟类区系组成包括古北界种35种(占64.81%)、东洋界种8种(占14.81%)和两界广布种11种(占20.37%); 有国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类2种, 国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类5种, 安徽省重点保护鸟类12种; 世界自然保护联盟物种红色名录中的近危(NT)物种2种, 易危(VU)物种3种, 濒危(EN)物种1种。各功能区间水鸟多样性差异明显, Shannon-Wiener指数以湿地保育区最高(2.33), 恢复重建区最低(2.05); 恢复重建区与湿地保育区相似性最高(0.8889), 游客开放区与湿地保育区相似性指数最低(0.5000); 湿地保育区和恢复重建区之间的水鸟群落Beta多样性周转组分高于嵌套组分, 其余功能区之间Beta多样性的嵌套组分均高于周转组分。研究结果表明, 嬉子湖湿地公园功能区设置基本合理, 且湿地保育区内水鸟群落结构最为稳定, 但在关注湿地保育区的同时, 也应加强恢复重建区建设, 提高该功能区栖息地的生境多样性。     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Caprine blood groups. 2. The C,G, H,I, J,K, L,N, and Q systems

Nine blood group systems of goats were identified using 12 caprine reagents produced by absorption of alloimmune antisera. The caprine C blood group system, possibly homologous to the ovine C blood group system, was characterized by two reagents and shown to be controlled by three alleles,C ¹²,C ²⁵, andC ⁻. A more complex blood group system of goats, designated G, was identified using three reagents and shown to be controlled by six codominant alleles (G ^10.19.20,G ^10.19,G ^10.20,G ¹⁰,G ¹⁹,G ²⁰) and a recessive allele (G ⁻). A further seven one-factor two-allelic systems were identified by seven reagents. The nine genetic systems provided exclusion probabilities of 0.479, 0.492, 0.548, and 0.572 in Australian Angora, Dairy, Cashmere, and Texan Angora goat breeds, respectively. This work was supported by a grant from the Australian Stud Book, Alison Road, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia.