云南松林可燃物的垂直分布及影响因子

为研究可燃物负荷量空间分布对林火种类和火行为的影响,以川西南地区不同类型云南松林的冠层可燃物和地表可燃物、4个地形因子(海拔、坡度、坡位和坡向)和4个林分因子(郁闭度、胸径、树高和林龄)为对象,比较不同林分相同垂直层面和不同空间层次上的可燃物负荷量及分布特征,分析不同林分的林火行为趋势;并运用典型相关分析(CCA)分析可燃物负荷量与环境因子的关系.结果表明:不同林分组成中,可燃物垂直分布呈显著性差异.云南松-栎类-丁香林、云南松-栎类林和云南松纯林容易发生地表火,但不易发生树冠火;云南松-侧柏林、云南松-油杉林和油杉-云南松林易发生地表火,而且易转化为树冠火.冠层可燃物主要受林龄、海拔、胸径和树高的影响,林下可燃物主要受郁闭度、坡度、树高和林龄的影响.     

北京松山油松林林分结构和地形对幼苗更新的影响

以北京松山国家自然保护区油松林为研究对象,通过分析油松林天然更新与地形因子、林分结构的关联,揭示影响松山油松天然更新的因素。结果表明:油松幼苗数量与海拔呈显著负相关(P0.01);油松幼苗数量在不同坡位间差异显著(P0.05),表现为下坡中坡上坡;幼苗数量与坡度呈显著负相关(P0.01);林分结构中大小树比例与幼苗更新数呈抛物线关系,在大树比例为50%左右达到最低值;林分密度(P0.05)及草本盖度(P0.05)与油松幼苗更新显著关联,幼苗更新数量随着林分密度和草本盖度的增加而增加。     

疏伐对北京西山林场刺槐林可燃物特征及碳储量影响研究

研究选取北京西山林场刺槐林(Robinia pseudoacacia)为研究对象, 通过对照组 CK 和处理组L、M 和 H(疏伐强度分别为0%, 15%, 35%,50%)四种处理, 对疏伐后刺槐林可燃物进行调查, 对不同强度疏伐刺槐林林地上部分碳储量进行计算, 并利用BehavePlus 林火模型对地表火行为指标进行计算, 探讨不同疏伐强度对刺槐林可燃物、碳储量以及潜在火行为的影响。结果表明,(1)不同疏伐强度的刺槐林的可燃物分布中, 均以0-2 m 层可燃物负荷量为最大, 分别为1.29 kg·m^–2, 1.40 kg·m^–2,1.57 kg·m^–2, 1.89 kg·m^–2, 呈现出可燃物负荷量随疏伐强度加大而增加, 即, H >M>L>CK; 随着高度的增加, 可燃物负荷量主要分布冠层在5-8 m; (2)不同强度疏伐对刺槐人工林各组分的碳储量影响显著, 中度疏伐更有利于刺槐林中的碳储量积累, 其碳储量值最大, 为17.50 t·hm^–2; (4)林分火蔓延速率、火线强度、火焰高度及单位面积发热量均与疏伐强度相关, 疏伐后火行为指标值大幅下降, 其中高强度疏伐(H)后, 林火的蔓延速率, 火线强度为以及火焰强度最低。研究结果可为研究地区的森林可燃物管理以及森林可持续经营提供科学依据。     

北京松山油松林地表可燃物负荷量的影响因素

森林地表可燃物是引起森林火灾的重要因素,研究森林地表可燃物负荷量的影响因子可以为森林可燃物管理提供科学依据。本文对北京松山自然保护区油松林地表可燃物负荷量与地形、林分和地被物因子进行相关性分析和逐步回归分析,通过方差分解计算3类影响因子对可燃物负荷量变化的贡献率。结果表明:(1)地表总可燃物负荷量与草本盖度呈显著负相关。地表活可燃物负荷量与海拔和灌木盖度呈显著正相关,与草本盖度呈显著负相关。地表死可燃物负荷量分别与郁闭度、林分密度和平均树高呈显著正相关,与海拔呈极显著负相关;(2)多元线性回归分析表明,用海拔、郁闭度和灌木盖度3个因子可较好地估算地表活可燃物负荷量;地表死可燃物负荷量可用海拔和郁闭度2个因子进行较好估算。(3)对地表活可燃物负荷量的解释力中,地被物因子林分因子地形因子,地被物因子与地形因子的交互作用贡献率最显著,与林分因子的交互作用贡献率次之。对地表死可燃物负荷量的解释力中,林分因子地形因子地被物因子,林分因子和地形因子的交互贡献率显著,与地被物因子的交互贡献率次之。不同类别地表可燃物的影响因子不同,在进行可燃物管理、森林防火和林分调控的过程中需有针对性。     

子午岭地区辽东栎和油松林建群种的更新生态位宽度分析

通过实地调查并采用Levins生态位宽度指数对子午岭地区主要树种辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)和油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)的幼苗、幼树和成树在不同坡向的辽东栎林、油松 辽东栎混交林和人工油松林3种群落中的生态位宽度进行了分析研究。结果显示:(1)辽东栎和油松的更新生态位宽度在不同群落中各不相同,成树的生态位宽度与群落类型一致;(2)辽东栎幼苗和幼树在阳坡和阴坡人工油松林中的生态位宽度分别是0.951、0.95和0.98、0.94,且生态位宽度显著大于其它2个群落,表明辽东栎幼苗和幼树能很好地适应人工油松林的环境条件;(3)在阳坡,油松幼苗的生态位宽度在辽东栎林最大为0.79,且极显著大于其它2个群落,而阳坡油松幼树的生态位宽度在人工油松林中最大为1.00;在阴坡,油松幼苗的生态位宽度在人工油松林最大为0.63,而阴坡油松幼树的生态位宽度却在油松 辽东栎混交林最大为0.83,且极显著大于其它2个群落;表明油松幼苗适应阳坡的辽东栎林环境和阴坡的人工油松林环境,油松幼树适应阳坡的人工油松林环境和油松 辽东栎林环境。结果表明,人工种植油松林有利于该地区的植被恢复,人工油松林和油松 辽东栎混交林会在该地区存在较长时间,而阳坡的油松 辽东栎混交林存在时间会更长。     

北京西山油松林可燃物调控的影响评价

森林可燃物调控及其影响评价研究是可燃物管理的基础,对减少火灾的发生具有重要的意义。在北京西山实验林场,选取华北地区典型针叶林-油松林(Pinus tabulaeformis),设立4块20m×20m样地,通过对林分可燃物分布特征的调查和分析,制定以修枝、割灌为主的调控措施,对比研究调控与未调控林分林下植被多样性和优势灌木的光合生理特性。研究结果表明:(1)不同油松林可燃物垂直分布特征表现为0—3m层可燃物负荷量最大(平均为1053.94 g/m2),且可燃物种类最多,随着高度的增加可燃物的负荷量均呈现减少的趋势。(2)调控林分林下优势灌木(主要为孩儿拳头和黑枣)最大净光合速率、光饱和点、光补偿点、暗呼吸速率均比对照增加;而表观量子效率则减小。(3)不同的可燃物调控措施改变了林下植被多样性;不同调控措施的草本层物种丰富度、物种多样性、物种优势度以及物种均匀度均高于对照林分。由此可见,森林可燃物调控措施对林下植被多样性和优势物种的光合生理特性均有影响。研究结果可为森林可燃物管理提供科学依据。     

大兴安岭呼中林区地表死可燃物含水量及其环境梯度分析

森林地表死可燃物含水量与林火行为密切相关,理解森林地表死可燃物含水量及其与环境因子之间的关系对于林火管理有重要意义。本文对大兴安岭呼中林区的不同植被类型内的地表死可燃物含水量,依据1 h、10 h和100 h分类标准进行了对比,结果表明：杨桦林和钻天柳林等2种阔叶林地表死可燃物含水量最高,而其他植被类型比阔叶林内地表死可燃物含水量低,且之间无显著性差异;对兴安落叶松不同林型内的地表死可燃物含水量进行比较,发现越桔兴安落叶松林内地表死可燃物含水量最高,其他林型比越桔兴安落叶松林低,且之间没有显著性差异。此外,利用除趋势典范对应分析对地表死可燃物含水量的环境梯度进行分析。结果表明：第1排序轴反映了坡位与海拔梯度,即热量因素,沿着第1轴从左到右海拔和坡位逐渐降低;第2轴反映了坡向和林分密度梯度,即水分因素。总体来说,坡位与海拔是影响森林地表死可燃物含水量的主要环境因子,二者综合作用表达了该地区森林地表死可燃物含水量的空间生态梯度。     

山西太岳山油松群落对采伐干扰的生态响应

森林群落受到采伐干扰后的生态响应程度一直是森林生态学领域关注的研究前沿。本文以太岳山的油松林为对象,选择受不同采伐干扰强度和恢复时间的4块样地,通过固定标准地群落的调查获得数据资料,选用丰富度指数、Simpson指数（λ）、Shannon-Wiener指数（H'）、均匀度指数（E1）和Jaccard、Sprenson两种相似性指数,研究油松林对不同采伐方式生态响应,探讨不同采伐干扰强度和恢复时间下油松林生物多样性变化和更新演替规律。研究结果表明：1）受采伐干扰的样地中阳性植物的种类明显增多,随着恢复时间的增长,植物处于生长逐步旺盛、物种逐步丰富的阶段,其种类组成表现出由简单到复杂、由喜阳植物垄断到耐阴种类不断增多、种类由少变多的动态特征。2）适度的择伐可以提高群落整体的多样性,但皆伐则降低了群落的综合物种多样性。3）受相同择伐强度干扰后,群落之间保持了最高的相似性,皆伐干扰使群落环境有了本质的变化,与天然林的物种相似性最低。4）受采伐干扰后形成的次生林内,恢复初期中更新幼苗幼树出现6个树种,主要以油松和辽东栎（Quercus liaodungensi）为主。天然林中的环境最有利于油松幼苗的生长,择伐后恢复初期18a间幼树数量最高,幼苗数量最低,皆伐后更新幼苗幼树数量最少,环境条件最不利于更新。     

黄龙山油松林和油松+辽东栎混交林物种组成及优势种群动态

根据黄龙山油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)林和油松+辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)混交林共6个群丛中27个典型样地调查资料,分析了松栎林群落物种组成、多样性指数和优势种群动态.结果表明:(1)松栎混交林中灌木层和草本层植物种数均大于油松林,且灌木和草本种类因群落生境不同而有差异.(2)物种多样性分析显示,油松林和松栎混交林中由于生境不同导致灌木层物种多样性差异最大.(3)优势种群分析表明,油松林中阴坡幼苗数量较多,种群最大的为Ⅳ和Ⅴ龄级个体;松栎混交林中油松和辽东栎幼苗充足,到Ⅱ、Ⅲ龄级二者均大量减少,此后油松个体增加而辽东栎减少,说明松栎林发育过程中各层次植物物种相互制约,优势种群之间也存在竞争,且受生境条件影响较大.(4)主成分分析表明,气温、土壤、光照和总郁闭度是主要影响因子.因此,在未来森林抚育中应适当减少优势种群密度,促进异龄化;采取有效措施合理搭配灌木和草本,强化对森林发育有利的因素,提高林分质量.     

不同火烈度火烧迹地内油松叶功能性状的变化

叶功能性状对林火的响应是林火生态领域的研究热点之一,研究火后油松叶功能性状变化能够揭示油松为适应火环境形成的生长策略,为促进油松火后恢复提供参考。以山西省沁源县火烧迹地内油松为研究对象,选择当年生叶片分析叶功能性状在不同火烈度(未过火、轻度火烧、中度火烧)火烧迹地间的变化规律,并研究不同火烧迹地内叶经济谱的变化特征。结果表明: 除氮磷比外,叶功能性状在不同火烈度的火烧迹地间存在显著差异,其中,叶面积的差异最为明显,是最敏感的性状。随火烧迹地内火烈度的增加,叶面积、叶厚度、叶干物质含量、叶氮含量和叶磷含量升高,比叶面积、叶有机碳含量降低。部分叶功能性状间存在显著的相关关系,但其相关性在不同火烈度的火烧迹地间存在差异。叶经济谱沿着“未过火-轻度火烧-中度火烧”的火烧迹地环境总体向“快速投资-收益型”的资源权衡策略移动,低烈度火烧迹地内油松的生长恢复会加快。     

八仙山不同类型松栎林群落主要特征分析

为探究八仙山保护区不同类型森林群落的更新潜力、多样性程度以及稳定性水平,阐明三者间的关系,该文以保护区内油松林、蒙古栎林和油松-栓皮栎混交林(松栎混交林) 3种不同类型天然次生林为对象,调查建群种径级结构和更新潜力,计算不同层次群落多样性,测定M. Godron稳定性,并采用主成分法建立评价模型。结果表明:(1)油松种群径级结构近似正态分布,处于成熟期,但幼苗较少;栓皮栎、蒙古栎以及阔叶杂木的幼苗、幼树较多,更新潜力较大。(2)松栎混交林的乔木层多样性较高,而灌木层多样性最低,油松林的草本层多样性最低;松栎混交林群落总体物种丰富度最低而均匀度最高。(3) M. Godron稳定性表明,蒙古栎林距离稳定点较近,而油松林偏离较远。(4) PCA双序图表明,M. Godron稳定性与种群更新潜力、Alatalo均匀度呈较强正相关,综合排序依次为松栎混交林、蒙古栎林和油松林。综上结果表明,建群种更新潜力和物种均匀度对群落稳定性影响较大,林地管理应注重对幼苗幼树的保护。     

模拟地表火行为对燃烧剩余物水溶性碳氮的影响

燃烧剩余物是火烧迹地土壤表面必然存在的残留物,可以通过降水过程以及地表径流释放其所含有的矿物质和有机质至土壤生态系统,从而在一定时间内持续地对火后生态系统恢复过程造成影响。但不同火行为下,相同的可燃物所产生的燃烧剩余物可能具有不同的生态学功能,为了认知火行为对燃烧剩余物的影响,进一步了解二者对火烧迹地生态恢复过程中养分循环和能量流动的潜在影响,探究了火行为对燃烧剩余物水溶性碳氮化学计量特征的影响。以红松人工林地表可燃物为实验材料,通过设置不同坡度和含水率为火行为的驱动因子,进行了森林可燃物床层地表上坡火和下坡火的室内模拟燃烧实验。用独立样本T检验、单因素方差分析、多因素方差分析探究了火环境对燃烧剩余物水溶性碳氮和火行为的影响,用基于距离的冗余分析(db-RDA)探究了火行为对燃烧剩余物水溶性碳氮化学计量特征的影响。上坡火实验组的燃烧剩余物水溶性碳氮含量明显高于下坡火实验组(P<0.01);5°实验组中,燃烧剩余物的水溶性碳含量随着可燃物预设含水率的升高而升高(P<0.05)。进一步的数据分析发现火行为与燃烧剩余物水溶性碳氮化学计量特征关系密切,火焰宽度是影响燃烧剩余物水溶性...     

北京地区油松人工林不同演替类型空间结构对林下植被及土壤的影响

以北京地区油松(Pinus tabuliformis)人工林不同演替类型林分为研究对象，研究油松纯林、油松-栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis)混交林和栓皮栎纯林三种不同演替类型林分的空间结构、林下植被和土壤水分的变化规律及其相互作用关系。结果表明：(1)林分水平及垂直空间结构、草本层物种多样性、更新幼树生长、土壤持水和透气性能等指标在三种不同演替类型林分间差异显著(P<0.05),林分空间结构参数中的角尺度、林层指数和开敞度显著影响了各类型林分的灌草多样性，混交度、林层指数和大小比数显著影响了更新幼树的生长，混交度和林层指数显著影响了土壤水分的变化(P<0.05)。(2)松栎混交林灌草生物量、天然更新幼树的生长以及土壤水分物理状况均好于纯林，并主要受林分混交度和林层指数的共同作用。(3)各演替类型林分内均存在栓皮栎更新幼树，混交林栓皮栎更新幼树数量最多、长势最好，对林地资源的竞争最为激烈。因此，可以通过调整林分空间结构实现种间关系及林地资源的调控，以充分发挥森林生态系统的各项功能与价值。     

The suppression of Dendroctonus frontalis and subsequent wildfire have an impact on forest stand dynamics

Question: Interacting disturbance effects from Dendroctonus frontalis outbreaks and wildfire are thought to maintain Pinus spp. composition in the southeastern U. S. Our objective was to assess forest composition, structure, and succession following the interaction of two frequently occurring disturbance events in southern Pinus spp. forests: cut‐and‐leave suppression, a commonly used means for managing D. frontalis outbreaks, and wildfire. Location: Western Gulf Coastal Plain, Louisiana, USA. Method: Pinus taeda stands with cut‐and‐leave suppression and subsequent wildfire were compared to stands undisturbed by D. frontalis but with the same wildfire events twenty years after Pinus spp. mortality. The woody plant community was assessed in three different size classes and used to predict future forest types with the Forest Vegetation Simulator (50 years). Results: P. taeda is the most abundant (> 50%) species of saw‐ and poletimber‐sizes following cut‐and‐leave suppression with wildfire and in stands only with fire. Using canonical correspondence analysis, vegetation assemblages were primarily explained by slope position and elevation (7.6% variation explained). Fire intensity and stand age also accounted for variance in the ordination (4.4% and 3.1%, respectively). Dominant and co‐dominant P. taeda forest types were predicted by the model to be the most abundant forest types in each disturbance regime. In addition, new regeneration represents high hazard for future mortality from D. frontalis. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that cut‐and‐leave suppression with additional wildfire disturbance maintains P. taeda composition, and does not alter forest composition differently from stands receiving only wildfire. As a result, predicted Pinus spp. basal area under both disturbances is great enough to facilitate future bark beetle disturbance.     

Long‐term forest structure and regeneration after wildfire in Russian Karelia

We examined forest structure and regeneration in a 350‐ha forest dominated by Pinus sylvestris 31 yr after a wildfire in the Vienansalo wilderness, Russian Karelia. In most parts of the area, the 1969 fire was not stand replacing but had left larger trees alive so that the area generally remained forest covered. In some localities, however, all trees apparently died and distinct gaps were formed, suggesting that the fire severity varied considerably, contributing to increased variation in stand structure. Living and dead wood volumes were similar, 112 and 96 m³.ha^‐1, respectively. The tree species proportions of dead vs living wood indicated that prior to fire disturbance Picea was more common in the area. Regeneration was abundant (saplings, ca. 14 000 ind.ha^‐1, height 20 ‐200 cm) and tree seedling recruitment had occurred over a long period of time. Regeneration density was highest on the mesic Vaccinium‐Myrtillus forest site type, decreasing towards nutrient‐poor site types. The most common regeneration microsites were level ground (56% of saplings), immediate surroundings of decayed wood (23%) and depressions (11%). The high proportion of saplings on level ground suggests that after the fire regeneration conditions have been favourable across the whole forest floor. Nevertheless, the areas in the vicinity of decayed wood have been particularly important microsites for seedling establishment. The results provide an example of the effects of wildfire on forest structure in a natural Pinus sylvestris dominated forest, demonstrating the non stand replacing character of fire, high variability in stand structure and the abundance of post‐fire regeneration.     

黄土高原子午岭大披针苔草能量与养分特征

森林地表死可燃物是引起森林火灾的重要原因,掌握森林地表死可燃物载量的分布,对预防火灾和可燃物管理有重要意义.依据1 h、10 h和100 h分类标准,对呼中林区的不同林型内的地表死可燃物载量进行了对比分析.结果表明:樟子松林内死可燃物总载量最高,偃松林内的最低;对不同类型兴安落叶松林群落的地表死可燃物进行比较,发现笃斯越桔-兴安落叶松林内死可燃物总载量最高,而泥炭藓-杜香-兴安落叶松林的最低;此外,相关分析表明,兴安落叶松死可燃物总载量与平均胸径、平均树高、草本盖度、凋落物厚度呈显著的正相关,与坡向、腐殖质厚度等因子呈显著负相关;多元线性回归分析表明,用兴安落叶松林的凋落物厚度、草本盖度、平均树高因子可较好地估算地表死可燃物总载量,进而为森林可燃物的管理和指导森林防火提供科学的依据.     

Resistance to wildfire and early regeneration in natural broadleaved forest and pine plantation

The response of an ecosystem to disturbance reflects its stability, which is determined by two components: resistance and resilience. We addressed both components in a study of early post-fire response of natural broadleaved forest (Quercus robur, Ilex aquifolium) and pine plantation (Pinus pinaster, Pinus sylvestris) to a wildfire that burned over 6000 ha in NW Portugal. Fire resistance was assessed from fire severity, tree mortality and sapling persistence. Understory fire resistance was similar between forests: fire severity at the surface level was moderate to low, and sapling persistence was low. At the canopy level, fire severity was generally low in broadleaved forest but heterogeneous in pine forest, and mean tree mortality was significantly higher in pine forest. Forest resilience was assessed by the comparison of the understory composition, species diversity and seedling abundance in unburned and burned plots in each forest type. Unburned broadleaved communities were dominated by perennial herbs (e.g., Arrhenatherum elatius) and woody species (e.g., Hedera hibernica, Erica arborea), all able to regenerate vegetatively. Unburned pine communities presented a higher abundance of shrubs, and most dominant species relied on post-fire seeding, with some species also being able to regenerate vegetatively (e.g., Ulex minor, Daboecia cantabrica). There were no differences in diversity measures in broadleaved forest, but burned communities in pine forest shared less species and were less rich and diverse than unburned communities. Seedling abundance was similar in burned and unburned plots in both forests. The slower reestablishment of understory pine communities is probably explained by the slower recovery rate of dominant species. These findings are ecologically relevant: the higher resistance and resilience of native broadleaved forest implies a higher stability in the maintenance of forest processes and the delivery of ecosystem services.     

Maintaining and restoring biodiversity in European boreal forests by developing natural disturbance regimes

Abstract. A conceptual model is presented as a guide to the maintenance and restoration of ecologically sustainable boreal forest. The model is based on the hypothesis that self-sustained forest ecosystems can be (re-)created, and their biodiversity developed, if forest management can simulate the composition and structure of boreal forest landscapes by introducing and maintaining disturbances leading to naturally dynamic spatial and temporal patterns of forest regeneration. The major explanatory variable in the model is the effect of wildfire on sites with different fuel characteristics and climates found in the European boreal forest. Four levels of fire intensity are distinguished, based on mean fire frequencies. These range from extremely low in some wet tall-herb sites or sites at high altitudes or latitudes with a humid climate, where fire is absent or rare, to dry lichen-rich sites where fire occurs often. The model is called ASIO, after the words Absent, Seldom, Infrequent and Often, indicating the four levels. Three main disturbance regimes are distinguished in the European boreal forest, based on the complex interactions between probabilistic (e.g. mean fire intervals at different site types) and random events (e.g. where and when a fire occurs): (1) gap-phase Picea abies dynamics; (2) succession from young to old-growth mixed deciduous/coniferous forest; and (3) multi-cohort Pinus sylvestris dynamics. The model stems mainly from studies in Fennoscandia, but some studies from outside this region are reviewed to provide support for a more general application of the model. The model has been implemented in planning systems on the landscape level of several large Swedish forest enterprises, and is also used as an educational tool to help private land owners with the location and realization of forest management regimes. Finally, the model can be used to develop an administrative system for the monitoring of biodiversity in boreal forest.     

红脂大小蠹种群空间格局地统计学分析及抽样技术

红脂大小蠹是我国一重要林业外来入侵害虫,主要危害油松、白皮松和华山松,目前已扩散到山西、陕西、河北、河南、北京等地。为了研究其种群空间格局,用地统计学方法分析了受害程度不同的油松纯林和混交林林分内红脂大小蠹种群空间分布特性。结果表明:两种受害程度不同的油松纯林内红脂大小蠹的危害具有显著差异,轻度受害林分内有虫株率为4.9%,而重度受害林分则达到23.6%。全方向的变异函数曲线图分析得知:轻度受害纯林、重度受害纯林、混交林林分内红脂大小蠹种群的空间依赖范围分别为49.400、47.400\,73.820m,而局部空间连续性强度分别为0.824、0.582\,0.762。轻度受害纯林与重度受害纯林林分内红脂大小蠹种群均表现为较强的空间聚集性,而混交林受害林分内其种群则表现为随机分布。受害程度不同的纯林林分内红脂大小蠹种群空间格局具有一定的差异,而且纯林与混交林林分内其种群空间格局也有较大的差别。本文根据红脂大小蠹种群空间分布特性,对其种群空间抽样技术与传统抽样技术做了相应的比较与探讨。     

火干扰强度对亚热带四种森林类型土壤理化性质的影响

火干扰是通过改变土壤理化性质而影响土壤生态系统功能的重要因素之一。探讨火干扰强度对不同森林类型下土壤理化性质的影响,为利用火干扰促进林分更新及经营提供理论指导。2014年在湖南省株洲市和湘潭市4种次生林(枫香次生林、马尾松-木荷混交林、杉木-木荷混交林及檫木-杉木混交林)内设置16块20 m×20 m样地进行试验,研究了火干扰强度(对照、低强度、中强度、高强度火烧)和林分类型对土壤容重(BD)、土壤斥水性(SWR)、有机质(SOM)、pH、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)和全钾(TK)的影响。通过描述性统计分析、单因素方差分析和Fisher LSD检验研究各土壤性质在同一林分不同火干扰间,以及同一火干扰下不同林分间的显著性差异和变化趋势(P0.05)。研究发现BD、SWR、pH、TK都随火强度的增大呈上升的趋势,而SOM、TP随火强度增大而减少,TN则随火强度增大没有规律性变化。在同一林分内与对照组相比,低强度火烧对BD、SWR、pH和SOM的影响不显著,中强度有一定影响,而高强度火烧影响显著;而TN、TP、TK在火烧前后均无显著性差异。火干扰后,TN和TP在同一火强度下不同林分间均存在显著性差异(P0.05),而BD、pH值和TP在同一林分内不同火强度间均存在显著性差异(P0.05)。BD、SOM、pH、TK在枫香次生林内普遍显著大于其他林分。结果说明火干扰强度和林分类型在影响土壤理化性质方面起着重要作用。高强度火干扰对土壤性质影响最大,枫香次生林中土壤理化性质与其他混交林相比普遍存在显著性差异。BD、pH和TP受火强度影响显著,BD、SOM、pH、TN、TK和TP受林分类型影响显著。