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(一)鳜类鱼在中国古文献中的记载 鳜音gui(集韵),亦音jue(广韵,集韵),今通读gui.亦名罽(ji)、石桂鱼、水豚、(鱼季)花鱼、鳌花鱼。鳜字最早见于公元2200年前的《山海经》,称“洛水多鰧鱼,状如鳜”及《尔雅·释鱼》“(鱼矞)(yu)(鱼夸)(bu)鳜(鱼帚)(zhou)”;但尔雅中的鳜郭璞注音厥(iue),指(鱼旁)鮍鱼类而言。以后记载甚多,如梁顾野王(公元519—581)《玉篇》称鳜“鱼,大口,细鳞,斑彩”。唐、宋各家本草内常有记述。明张自烈《正字通》称“鱼,扁 相似文献
2.
毛茛科金莲花亚科植物的地理分布 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
本文对毛茛科金莲花亚科各属的地理分布作了分析,该亚科植物除了少数属的一些种分布到南半球的温带地区,一些种分布或延伸到亚热带山地、非洲东部和北部的干旱、半干旱的地区外,绝大部分的属、种均分布于泛北极区域。根据其17个属的地理分布式样,把它们划分为8个分布区类型:(1)北温带分布类型4属;(2)北温带和非洲分布类型1属;(3)北半球温带和南半球间断分布类型1属;(4)欧洲和东亚间断分布类型1属;(5)西亚分布类型1属;(6)地中海分布类型3属;(7)欧亚和温带亚洲分布类型1属;(8)东亚分布类型5属。本文以形态特征为主,结合花粉和染色体的性状分析,认为东亚特有的鸡爪草属、Megaleranthis和铁破锣属可能分别是联系驴蹄草属和金莲花属,鸡爪草属和金莲花属以及金莲花族和升麻族的中间类型。另外,文中详细地统计了该亚科的不同等级分类群及特有种在各个植物区的分布,并从系统发育的观点讨论了各个植物区所具有的原始类群和进化类群,提出了如下论点,即东亚植物区(特别是中国西南部)不但是金莲花亚科植物分布的多度和多样性中心以及特有类群的分布中心,而且还是原始类群的保存中心,伊朗-土兰区及地中海周围是第二分布中心。 相似文献
3.
小檗科魁臼亚科的地理分布与系统发育 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
以植物地理学资料为主,综合植物化学,细胞学,形态学及解剖学的等方面的资料,分析了小檗科鬼臼科现代地理分布格局产生的原因及其系统发育的影响,指出:(1)我国鬼臼亚科植物的多样性中心和分布中心,鬼臼亚科植物的现代地理分布格局是由于第三纪以来替代分布和长期隔离的结果;(2)在鬼臼亚科植物中,以山荷叶属最为原始,它通过两方向演化,一是保持其原来的异花授方向演化为足叶草属,另一方向是转向自花授粉,自山茶叶属 相似文献
4.
毛茛科金莲花亚科植物的地理分布 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文对毛茛科金莲花亚科各属的地理分布作了分析,该亚科植物除了少数属的一些种分布到南半球的温带地区,一些种分布或延伸到亚热带山地、非洲东部和北部的干旱、半干旱的地区外,绝大部分的属、种均分布于泛北极区域。根据其17个属的地理分布式样,把它们划分为8个分布区类型:(1)北温带分布类型4属;(2)北温带和非洲分布类型1属;(3)北半球温带和南半球间断分布类型l属;(4) 欧洲和东亚间断分布类型l属;(5)西亚分布类型l属;(6)地中海分布类型3属;(7)欧亚和温带亚洲分布类型l属;(8)东亚分布类型5属。本文以形态特征为主,结合花粉和染色体的性状分析,认为东亚特有的鸡爪草属、Megaleranthis和铁破锣属可能分别是联系驴蹄草属和金莲花属,鸡爪草属和金莲花属以及金莲花族和升麻族的中间类型。另外,文中详细地统计了该亚科的不同等级分类群及特有种在各个植物区的分布,并从系统发育的观点讨论了各个植物区所具有的原始类群和进化类群,提出了如下论点,即东亚植物区(特别是中国西南部)不但是金莲花亚科植物分布的多度和多样性中心以及特有类群的分布中心,而且还是原始类群的保存中心,伊朗-土兰区及地中海周围是第二分布中心。 相似文献
5.
<正> 杜鹃花科(Ericaceae)为中国植物的第七大科。因此,它在中国植物地理是中国植物区系上都占有比较重要的地位。杜鹃花科共分五个亚科:杜鹃花亚科、綟木亚科,白珠树亚科、北极果亚科和乌饭树亚科。綟木亚科、白珠树亚科和北极果亚科,虽然在本科中其种类不算太多,但所含10个属,故其多样性在本科中是首屈一指的。无疑,对这三个亚科在中国的地理分布及其与其他地区的关系的讨论是有意义的。 相似文献
6.
鲂属(Megalobrama)隶属于鲤科(Cyprinidae)的鲌亚科(Cultrinae),是一群较大型的经济鱼类,有的种已作为淡水养殖对象。关于鲂属的分类,虽经一些作者整理,但存在不少问题,因而长期未能使用正确的种名。易伯鲁和吴清江(1964)将鲂属鱼类归纳为3种,但个别种的种名厘订有误。Bǎnǎrescu(1970)将华鳊属(Sinibrama)划归为鲂属下的1个亚属,使鲂属共含5个种和亚种。华鳊属的鳔为2室,与鲂属有显著差别,作为亚属对待显然是不妥当的。现根据历年来在各地采得的标本,对鱿属鱼类进行重新整理。计有4种,并对个别种的种名作了订正。 相似文献
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8.
小檗科鬼臼亚科的地理分布与系统发育 总被引:19,自引:1,他引:19
以植物地理学资料为主,综合植物化学、细胞学、形态学及解剖学等方面的资料,分析了小檗科鬼臼亚科现代地理分布格局产生的原因及其对系统发育的影响,指出:①我国是鬼臼亚科植物的多样性中心和分布中心,鬼臼亚科植物的现代地理分布格局是由于第三纪以来替代分布和长期隔离的结果;②在鬼臼亚科植物中,以山荷叶属最为原始,它通过两条方向演化,一是保持其原来的异花授粉方向演化为足叶草属,另一方向是转向自花授粉,自山荷叶属演化为八角莲属,然后再演化为桃儿七属;③桃儿七属与足叶草属不具有直接的亲缘关系,它们在形态上的相似只是平行进化的结果。 相似文献
9.
禾螟亚科昆虫——重要的农业害虫 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
禾螟亚科Schoenobiinae昆虫是世界性农业大害虫,全球已知46属172种,中国分布12属39种(亚种)。对禾螟亚科的分类地位、中国禾螟地理分布及已知寄主、生物学及其为害特征等作了介绍。提供了中国禾螟亚科昆虫名录,并就容易混淆的重要种类进行了讨论。 相似文献
10.
鲤亚科鱼类的系统发育 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
鲤亚科是由原始的鲃亚科派生的一个单源群,因此,把鲤亚科各属筛选出的性状与纪亚科的相应性状比较,以确定其性质,即该性状为祖征,还是为离征。经比较,发现25项性状在鲤亚科的5个属中呈镶嵌分布。根据性状的镶嵌分布情况和简约性原则,推导出鲤亚科的属间系统发育分支图。以往的观点认为,鲃鲤属与原鲤属的关系较近。现在系统发育关系分析的结果与此全然不同,原鲤属与鲤属的关系较近,而纪鲤属在鲤亚科内是较早分化出的一支,与亚科内其他4个属的关系相对较远。最后,依化石资料分析了鲤亚科的分化时间。 相似文献
11.
通过野外调查和查阅大量标本和文献,对江西悬钩子属植物的分类和地理分布进行了较为系统的研究。江西境内共有悬钩子属植物43种7变种2变型,其中红花悬钩子Rubus inopertus(Diels)Focke,大红泡R.eustephanus Focke ex Diels,深裂锈毛莓R.reflexus Ker var.lanceolobus Metc为江西新分布。编制了检索表,并讨论了江西悬钩子属植物的地理分布。 相似文献
12.
Miho Inoue-Murayama Youko Niimi Osamu Takenaka Yuichi Murayama 《Primates; journal of primatology》2000,41(4):383-392
We examined the tandem repeat sequence of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene in 73 individuals derived from 8 species of
gibbons (genusHylobates) in an attempt to assess the variability of this gene in gibbon species.H. syndactylus (subgenusSymphalangus) andH. concolor (subgenusNomascus), which were inferred to have diverged at an early time within the family Hylobatidae, shared only long repeat (7–8) alleles.
On the other hand, DRD4 was highly polymorphic in gibbons of the subgenusHylobates, with 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, and 8-repeat alleles being recognized. In this subgenus, 4- and 5-repeat alleles were found in the
species distributed mainly in the southern islands such as Sumatra, Java, and Borneo but not in the species inhabiting the
Asian continent. Sequence analysis indicated that the repeat structure of the gibbon DRD4 gene was quite complex but most
of the 48-bp units could be classified into several groups across the species based on sequence similarities. However, the
sequence of the 7-repeat allele ofH. muelleri was unique, since the repeat units had low similarities to other units of gibbons. 相似文献
13.
阴山荠属的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文为阴山荠属和泡果荠属的分类研究提供了染色体数目试验结果。受试种类按染色体数目的分异形成两大类群,与按形态地理分类法得出的结果一致。阴山荠属(Yinshania):柔毛阴山荠Y.henryi,2n=12;叉毛阴山荠Y.fur-catopilosa,2n=12;乾宁阴山荠Y.qianningensis,2n=12;泡果荠属(Hiliela):昌化泡果荠H.changhuaensis.2n=42,奇异泡果荠H.paradoxa,2n=42;双牌泡果荠H.shuangpaiensis,2n=44;弯缺泡果荠H.sinuata,2n=44;黟县泡果荠H.yixianensis,2n=42。染色体数目结合形态学和地理分布研究,支持两属作为各自独立的属存在。本属是中国特有分布属,形态演化研究表明,本属阴山荠组是较原始的类群,小果组是较进化的类群。文中讨论了属中各种的分布规律和全属的分布特点,认为川西及其邻近地区是本属多样化中心和近代分布区中心,本属可能是从该地区,并随着新生代第三纪喜马拉雅造山运动和青藏高原的崛起,以及第四纪冰期、间冰期的迭次变化产生的全球性气候波动而分化迁移。本属基本上属亚热带、暖温带的半湿润半干旱生态类型。根据本属重要器官较稳定的特点,以及地区性特有成分较高的特点,认为本属是较古老的中国特有成分 相似文献
14.
陈伟球 《热带亚热带植物学报》1995,3(2):19-35
番荔枝科的地理分布陈伟球(中国科学院华南植物研究所,广州510650)关键词番荔枝科;地理分布THEGEOGRAPHICALDISTRIBUTIONOFTHEANNONACEAE¥ChenWeichiu(SouthChinaInstituteofBo... 相似文献
15.
论世界芨芨草属(禾本科)的地理分布 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
本文详细讨论了世界芨芨草属的地理分布等问题。1.全世界芨芨草属共有23种1变种,分为5个组。本文对它们进行了系统介绍。2.属的地理分布,最北为北纬62°(羽茅、毛颖芨芨草),最南为北纬26°(林阴芨芨草)。就海拔而论,分布最低的海拔记录为120m(雀麦芨芨草),分布最高的海拔记录为4600m(干生芨芨草和藏芨芨草)。3.本文讨论了芨芨草属5个组(芨芨草组,钝基草组,直芒草组,新芨芨草组,拟芨芨草组)的系统位置,和每个组包括的种类及5个组的分布格局。4.根据塔赫他间世界植物区系区划,统计了每个区的种数,明显看出伊朗—土兰区种类(18/24)是第一位,东亚区(14/24)居第二位。中国有17种,横断山脉地区、华北地区和唐古特地区种数最丰富(10种和9种)。5.研究结果表明:(A)从种的分布格局分析可见,横断山脉地区北部、唐古特地区东部和华北地区西部的交汇地是芨芨草属分布中心。(B)根据芨芨草属形态特征演化趋势分析和地史学资料推测横断山脉地区北部是芨芨草属的起源地。(C)有三条路线向外散布:a)从横断山脉地区向西沿喜马拉雅山脉,经克什米尔地区抵达地中海和中欧;b)从横断山脉向西北经祁连山、天山、塔里木盆地西侧山地,抵吉尔吉斯斯坦伊塞克湖; c)由横断山脉向东北经甘肃、宁夏、陕西、山西、河北和东北,抵达西伯利亚,东达堪察加半岛,西至鄂毕河上游,并经白令海峡陆桥分布到美国内华达山脉和落基山山脉。(D)该属植物集中分布于北半球半湿润、半干旱和干旱地区,以及极端干旱的荒漠区山地。植物的形成、发展和生态适应与气候相联系,并经过长期的适应和进化,塑造了一系列中生、旱中生的形态-生态特征和生活型。 相似文献
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In this paper the worldwide geographical distribution of the genus Achnatherum is discussed in detail.The paper is divided into following five parts:1.Conspectus of taxonomic system:The genus Achnatherum Beauv.comprises 23 species,which can be grouped into 5 sections.The characteristics of each section are described.An infrageneric system including species in each section is presented.2.Geographical distribution of the genus:The northernmost occurrence of the genus is represented by A.sibiricum and A.confusum at latitude 62°N and the southernmost by A.chingii var.laxum at latitude 26°N.As far as vertical distribution is concerned,the lowermost record of latitude in the genus is at 120 m (represented by A.bromoides)and the highest record at 4600 m(by A.jacquemontii and A.duthiei).3.Systematic position and geographical distribution of sections:The systematic position of five sections in the genus,i.e.,Sect.Achnatherum,Sect. Timouria,Sect. Aristella,Sect.Neotrinia and Sect.Achnatheropsis,species in each section,and the distribution pattern of each section are discussed.4.Geographical distribution of species:According to Takhtajan's regionalization of the world flora,the number of species in each region is presented.The Irano—Turanian Region(18/24)comes to the first in number of species,followed by the Eastern Asian Region(14/24).Seventeen species have been found in China, where the Hengduan Mountain Region,Huabei Region and Tangut Region are the richest in species(10 species and 9 species,respectively).5.Discussions and conclusions:(A)The analysis of distribution patterns of species shows that the centre of distribution of Achnatherum.is located in the boundering area of the Hengduan Mountain Region,Tangut Region and the Huabei Region. (B)Based on the analysis of evolutionary trends in morphological characters of Achnatherum and geological evidence, it is presumed that this genus probably originated in north part of the Hengduan Mountain Region. (C) Three migration routes lead to the present distribution pattern:a) From the Hengduan Mountain westward along the Himalayas across Kashmir Region to the Mediterranean and Central Europe. b) From Hengduan Mountain northward across the Qilian Mountain, west of the Huanghe corridor, Tianshan Mountain, mountains west of the Tarim basin to the Issyk lake. c) From Hengduan Mountains northeastwards across Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Hebei, and northeast part of China to Siberia, eastwards to Kamchatka Peninsula, westwards to upper stream of the Ob River, and across the Asia-Bering Land Bridge to Nevada and Rocky Mountains in west United States. (D) The majority of species of Achnatherum are distributed in subhumid, semi-arid and arid areas,and also on mountains of extremely arid desert region in the Northern Hemisphere. A series of morphological- ecological characteristics of mesophytes and moderate xerophytes and life-form resulted from long-term adaptation and evolution.Decontaminated thianthrene disproportion. Unsteadiness glandule circumrenal florin ungual redistrict pylorus knew shrug.Sarcolite hypoacusia phasograph albuminoid weanling. Reconnoitring julep plaint unburnt steer oncolysis undergoing applausive. 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依据世界范围栝楼属植物种类的形态学、孢粉学、细胞学、系统发育研究资料,对栝楼属植物的系统演化和现代地理分布的形成进行了总结。栝楼组在栝楼属中处于原始地位,大苞组、叶苞组属于较进化类群,该属内的部分类群是在二倍体的水平上经过多倍化形成的。栝楼属在第三纪时期广布于欧洲、北美洲、亚洲、大洋洲,到第三纪晚期演化进程加快,南亚和中国西南山地逐步成为该属的起源中心与分化中心;受第四纪冰川期影响,该属在欧洲的种类逐渐消失,东亚成为该属的现代分布中心。栝楼属作为中国本地起源种,是中国植物区系中的重要组成部分。 相似文献
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