传染性法氏囊病病毒中国强毒株A节段cDNA基因的克隆和序列分析

以来自哈尔滨传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ） 强毒株（Ｈａｒｂｉｎ 毒株,Ｈ） 的基因组ＲＮＡ为模板,用反转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ ＰＣＲ） 的方法得到了其Ａ 节段的全长ｃＤＮＡ 片段,分５＇端（１ ６５９ｂｐ） 和３＇端（１ ４４４ｂｐ） 上下两段分别克隆到ｐＧＥＭＢ○Ｒ － Ｔ 载体上,测定了其核苷酸顺序,在长为３ １０１ ｂｐ 中含有两个阅读框ＯＲＦＡ１ 和ＯＲＦＡ２ ,分别编码１ ０１２ 个氨基酸的前体蛋白（ＶＰ２ － ４ －３） 和１４５ 个氨基酸的ＶＰ５,ＯＲＦＡ１ 和ＯＲＦＡ２ 有部分的重叠。将核苷酸序列及推测出的氨基酸序列与已报道的ＩＢＤＶ 血清Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型毒株的相应序列进行了比较,结果表明：Ｈ 毒株与其它血清Ⅰ型毒株之间,在核苷酸水平上存在２５ｂｐ － ２６７ｂｐ 的差异;在氨基酸水平上存在１７ ～４０ 个氨基酸的差异。在ＶＰ２ － ４ － ３ 内比较显示,Ｈ 毒株与Ｐ２ 、Ｃｕ－ １ 之间氨基酸的差异最小为１ ．７％ ,Ｈ 毒株与ＵＫ６６１ 之间氨基酸的差异最大为３ ．９ ％ 。变异主要发生在ＶＰ２ 的可变区（２０６ － ３５０ 位氨基酸） ,在Ｈ 毒株所特有的１２ 个氨基酸当中,该区就占５ 个,代表１ ．７６ ％ 的变异。ＶＰ４、ＶＰ３ 和ＶＰ５区各有     

HFRSV内影像型抗独特型人单抗重链可变区基因克隆

利用反转录－ＰＣＲ方法,从分泌肾综合症出血热病毒（ＨＦＲＳＶ）内影像型抗独特型人单抗杂交瘤细胞系（Ｃ８）中,成功地克隆了抗ＨＦＲＳＶ１ｄ人单抗重链可变区基因,并将此基因重组入Ｍ１３噬菌体ＤＮＡ中,测定了此重链可变区基因全序列。经计算机分析,基因全长共３５１ｂｐ、编码１１７个氨基酸,氨基酸序列同源性分析发现所推得的该单抗ＣＤＲ２区与ＨＦＲＳＶＧ２蛋白Ｃ端有同源区,此区可能具有较强的抗原性。     

粘虫核型多角体病毒基因组3.3kb片段的序列测定和分析

本文测定了粘虫核多角体病毒的一个长３３３６ｂｐ的大片段,该片段包括了３个完整的开放阅读框（ＯＲＦ２、ＯＲＦ３、ＯＲＦ４）和两个不完整的开放阅读框（ＯＲＦ１、ＯＲＦ５）。与ＡｃＮＰＶ比较发现,ＯＲＦ１编码重蛋白与Ｐ９４同源,ＯＲＦ３、ＯＲＦ４、ＯＲＦ５分别与ＡｃＮＰＶ的ＯＲＦ６０、ＯＲＦ５９、ＯＲＦ５７同源。且转录方向一致。ＯＲＦ２则是ＬｓＮＰＶ的特有基因。分析结果表明,ＬｓＮＰＶ基因组上基因的组织     

抗人肺腺癌单克隆抗体重,轻链可变区基因的分离克隆和序列测定

根据鼠免疫球蛋白重。轻链可变区基因ＦＲ１和ＦＲ４的序列保守性,化学合成了适于体外扩增Ｉｇ重、轻链可变区基因（Ｖ_Ｈ和Ｖ_Ｌ）的数对引物。以分泌抗人肺腺癌单抗的杂交瘤细胞株ＷＬＡ－２Ｃ４的基因组ＤＮＡ为模板,ＰＣＲ扩增Ｖ_Ｈ和Ｖ_Ｌ基因,分别克隆人ｐＵＣ１９载体。转化子经蓝、白斑筛选,酶切鉴定,双脱氧测序证实确为鼠单抗可变区基因,其中Ｖ_Ｈ基因全长为３４８ｂｐ,编码１１６ａａ,属重链ⅡＢ亚类;Ｖ_Ｌ基因全长３１８ｂｐ,编码１０６ａａ,属Ｋ轻链Ⅵ亚类。     

牛泡沫病毒反式激活因子在内部启动子上应答元件的研究

泡沫病毒的基因转录依赖至少两个不同的启动子：ＬＴＲ调节病毒结构蛋白的表达,而内部启动子（ＩＰ）则起始调节蛋白ｍＲＮＡ的转录。牛泡沫病毒（ＢＦＶ）在ｅｎｖ与３’ＬＴＲ之间有两个重叠的开放阅读框架ｏｒｆ－１和ｏｒｆ－２,分别编码ＢＦＶ ＯＲＦ－１、ＯＲＦ－２等多种调节蛋白。这此蛋白中ＢＦＶ ＯＲＦ－１为转录激活因子,称为Ｔａｓｏ Ｔａｓ对ＬＴＲ及ＩＰ均有反式激活作用。ＢＦＶ中第二类启动子ＩＰ的存在反映     

传染性法氏囊病病毒中国强毒株节段cDNA基因的克隆和序列分析

以来自哈尔滨传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）强素株（Ｈａｒｂｉｎ 毒株,Ｈ）的基因组ＲＮＡ为模板,用反转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＰ－ＰＣＲ）的方法得到了其Ａ节段的全长ｃＤＮＡ片段,分５端（１６５９ｂｐ）和３端（１４４４ｂｐ）上下两段分别克隆到ｐＧＥＭＢ－Ｔ载体上,测定了其核苷酸顺序,在长为３１０１ｂｐ中含有两个阅读枢ＯＲＦ Ａ１和ＯＲＦ Ａ２,分别编码１０１２个氨酸酸的前体蛋白（ＶＰ２－４－３）和１４５个     

猪生殖-呼吸道综合征病毒(PRRSV)E蛋白基因真核表达质粒的构建

新近发现的ＰＲＲＳＶ是单股ＲＮＡ病毒,属于不久前成立的动脉炎病毒科。其基因组包括８个开放阅读框架（ＯＲＦ）,其中ＯＲＦ５编码糖基化的囊膜（Ｅ）蛋白,是病毒的主要免疫保护性抗原之一。为了研制ＰＲＲＳ基因疫苗,扩增并克隆了ＰＲＲＳＶ－１ａ株ＯＲＦ５,并将其亚克隆至真核表达载体ｐＣＲ３－Ｕｎｉ的ＣＭＶ启动子下游,构建成真核表达质粒,为ＰＲＲＳ基因免疫奠定基础     

棉铃虫核型多角体病毒Hind III-K片段的核苷酸序列及其分析

测定了棉铃虫（Ｈｅｌｉｃｏｖｅｒｐａａｒｍｉｇｅｒａ）核型多角体病毒（ＨａＳＮＰＶ）基因组ＤＮＡ的ＨｉｎｄＩＩＫ片段核苷酸序列。该片段全长３２５５ｂｐ,含可编码大于４０个氨基酸残基的多肽的开放阅读框（ＯＲＦ）１５个,包括多角体蛋白（ｐｈ）基因编码区３′端４８９ｂｐ和蛋白激酶ＨａｖＰＫ基因编码区８０１ｂｐ。在ｐｈ和ＨａｖＰＫ两基因之间鉴定出一个可编码４１２个氨基酸残基的ＯＲＦ１２３６,转录方向与ｐｈ和ＨａｖＰＫ基因相反。同源分析表明,ＯＲＦ１２３６与谷实夜蛾（Ｈｅｌｉｃｏｖｅｒｐａｚｅａ）核型多角体病毒（ＨｚＳＮＰＶ）的ＯＲＦ８推导的蛋白氨基酸序列有９５．９％同源性,与苜蓿丫纹夜蛾（Ａｕｔｏｇｒａｐｈａｃａｌｉｆｏｒｎｉａ）核型多角体病毒（ＡｃＭＮＰＶ）ＯＲＦ１６２９只有２４．８％同源性,但三者均含有二组由多个脯氨酸残基串联而成的特征基序。     

家蚕NPV SOD基因序列和在大肠杆菌中表达

通过ＰＣＲ 克隆了家蚕核型多角体病毒（ＢｍＮＰＶ） ＳＯＤ基因, 并在大肠杆菌中进行表达, 证明了Ｂｍ ＮＰＶＳＯＤ基因产物确有ＳＯＤ活性, 其活力单位约为５７６ ｕ／ｍＬ 培养液。ＤＮＡ 测序结果表明Ｂｍ ＮＰＶ ＳＯＤ 基因编码１５１ 个氨基酸, 与人的ＳＯＤ１ 基因的核苷酸同源性为５６ ％ , 与ＡｃＮＰＶ 拟为的ＳＯＤ基因同源性为９７ ．２％ 。     

鸡减蛋综合征病毒（EDSV—76）基因组E1区结构特点分析

ＥＤＳＶ－７６病毒中国株ＡＡ－２经常规方法提取其病毒ＤＮＡ后,建立了限制性内切酶ＰｓｔＩ水解片段的全基因文库。对其中ＰｓｔＩ－Ｇ片段和ＰｓｔＩ－Ａ片段的正反链进行序列测定,获得ＥＤＳＶ Ｅ１区（０－８．８ｍ．ｕ）的核苷酸序列。经分析,ＥＤＳＶ Ｅ１区具有与其他腺病毒Ｅ１区类似的结构。以大于６０个氨基酸残基为标准,ＥＤＳＶ Ｅ１区共有７个开放读码框架（ＯＲＦ）,其中Ｒ１、Ｒ２、ＥｌｂｓＴ和Ｅ１ｂ１Ｔ     

Molecular Characterization of a Strain of Squash leaf curl China Virus from North India

A Begomovirus causing yellow vein mosaic disease of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima L.) was characterized at molecular level by cloning and sequence analysis of its complete DNA‐A genome. The DNA‐A of the isolate contains 2758 nucleotides which encode six open reading frames (ORFs): AV1 and AV2 in the virion‐sense and AC1, AC2, AC3 and AC4 in the complementary‐sense. Based on the highest (96%) sequence identities and close phylogenetic relationships with Squash leaf curl China virus species, the Begomovirus was identified as strain of Squash leaf curl China virus. The presence of DNA‐B genome of the virus strain was also detected by dot blot hybridization test using DNA‐B specific probe.     

Genetic Variability of Natural Populations of Cotton Leaf Curl Geminivirus, a Single-Stranded DNA Virus

Reports on the genetic variability and evolution of natural populations of DNA viruses are scarce in comparison with the abundant information on the variability of RNA viruses. Geminiviruses are plant viruses with circular ssDNA genomes that are replicated by the host plant DNA polymerases. Whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (WTG) are the agents of important diseases of crop plants and best exemplify emerging plant viruses. In this report we have analyzed the genetic diversity of cotton leaf curl geminivirus (CLCuV), a typical emerging WTG. No genetic differentiation was observed between isolates from different host plant species or geographic regions. Thus, the analyzed isolates represented a unique, undifferentiated population. Genetic variability, estimated as nucleotide diversities at synonymous positions in open reading frames (ORFs) for the AC1 (=replication) protein and coat protein (CP = AV1), was very high, exceeding the values reported for different genes in several plant and animal RNA viruses. This was unexpected in a virus that uses the DNA replication machinery of its eukaryotic host. Diversities at nonsynonymous positions, on the other hand, indicated that variability may be constrained in the genome of CLCuV. The ratio of nonsynonymous-to-synonymous substitutions varied for the different ORFs: they were higher for CP than for AC1 and lower still for the AC4 and AV2 ORFs, which overlap AC1 and CP ORFs, respectively. Analysis of nucleotide diversities at synonymous and nonsynonymous positions of the AC4 and AV2 ORFs suggest that their evolution is constrained by AC1 and CP, respectively. Data suggest that AC4 and AV2 are new genes that may have originated by overprinting on the preexistent AC1 and CP genes. Evidence for recombination was found for the AC1 and CP ORFs and for the noncoding intergenic region (IR). Data indicate that the origin of replication is a major recombination point in the IR, but not the only one. Analyses of the IR also suggest that recombinants may be frequent in the population and that recombination may have an important role in the generation of CLCuV variability. Received: 26 February 1999 / Accepted: 31 May 1999     

广东番茄曲叶病毒G2分离物基因组DNA-A的分子特征

从采集于广东的番茄曲叶病病株上分离到病毒分离物G2 ,序列分析结果表明 ,其DNA_A为单链环状 ,全长2 74 4nt,共有 6个ORF ,其中病毒链上编码AV1(CP)、AV2 ,互补链上编码AC1、AC2、AC3和AC4。BLAST结果显示 ,与G2基因组有同源关系的病毒均属双生病毒科菜豆金色花叶病毒属。序列比较结果显示 ,G2与菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒的DNA_A序列同源率均不超过 83% ,其中同源率最高的是PaLCuCNV_[G10 ](82 8% )。进一步比较发现 ,它们的基因间隔区 (IR)变异最大 (同源率为 30 9%～ 81 8% ) ;CP氨基酸序列的同源率较高 (77 6 %～ 99 2 % ) ,AC4蛋白氨基酸序列的同源率较低 (4 3 5 %～ 78 8% )。系统进化关系分析结果也显示 ,G2与已报道的菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒的亲缘关系均较远。因此 ,G2可能是双生病毒科菜豆金色花叶病毒属中一个未报道的新种 ,命名为广东番茄曲叶病毒 (TomatoleafcurlGuangdongVirus ,ToLCGDV)     

Sequence analysis of the 4.7-kb BamHI-EcoRI fragment of the equine herpesvirus type-1 short unique region.

To localize gene that may encode immunogens potentially important for recombinant vaccine design, we have analysed a region of the equine herpesvirus type-1 (EHV-1) genome where a glycoprotein-encoding gene had previously been mapped. The 4707-bp BamHI-EcoRI fragment from the short unique region of the EHV-1 genome was sequenced. This sequence contains three entire open reading frames (ORFs), and portions of two more. ORF1 codes for 161 amino acids (aa), and represents the C terminus of a possible membrane-bound protein. ORF2 (424 aa) and ORF3 (550 aa) are potential glycoprotein-encoding genes; the predicted aa sequences contain possible signal sequences, N-linked glycosylation sites and transmembrane domains; they also show homology to the glycoproteins gI and gE of herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1), and the related proteins of pseudorabies virus and varicella-zoster virus. The predicted aa sequence of ORF4 shares no homology with other known herpesvirus proteins, but the nucleotide sequence shows a high level of homology with the corresponding region of the EHV-4 genome. ORF5 may be related to US9 of HSV-1.     

Fusarivirus accessory helicases present an evolutionary link for viruses infecting plants and fungi

A significant number of mycoviruses have been identified that are related to plant viruses, but their evolutionary relationships are largely unexplored. A fusarivirus, Rhizoctonia solani fusarivirus 4 (RsFV4), was identified in phytopathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani) strain XY74 co-infected by an alphaendornavirus. RsFV4 had a genome of 10,833 nt (excluding the poly-A tail), and consisted of four non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 encodes an 825 aa protein containing a conserved helicase domain (Hel1). ORF3 encodes 1550 aa protein with two conserved domains, namely an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and another helicase (Hel2). The ORF2 and ORF4 likely encode two hypothetical proteins (520 and 542 aa) with unknown functions. The phylogenetic analysis based on Hel2 and RdRp suggest that RsFV4 was positioned within the fusarivirus group, but formed an independent branch with three previously reported fusariviruses of R. solani. Notably, the Hel1 and its relatives were phylogenetically closer to helicases of potyviruses and hypoviruses than fusariviruses, suggesting fusarivirus Hel1 formed an evolutionary link between these three virus groups. This finding provides evidence of the occurrence of a horizontal gene transfer or recombination event between mycoviruses and plant viruses or between mycoviruses. Our findings are likely to enhance the understanding of virus evolution and diversity.     

IS421, a new insertion sequence in Escherichia coli

The nucleotide sequence of a new insertion sequence (IS) in Escherichia coli, IS421, was determined. It is 1340 bp long and contains inverted repeats of 22 bp at its termini. It is flanked by 13 bp direct repeats apparently generated upon insertion. There are two ORFs longer than 200 bp in IS421. One can encode a polypeptide of 371 amino acids (aa) and the other, which is on the other strand, can encode a polypeptide of 102 aa. The C-terminal part of the 371 aa polypeptide shows some homology to that of transposases encoded in some other known IS elements. The copy number of IS421 in chromosomal DNA was 4 for E. coli K-12 and B, and 5 for E. coli C, as determined by the Southern hybridization of restriction fragments.     

Complete Genome Sequence of Mulberry Vein Banding Associated Virus,a New Tospovirus Infecting Mulberry

Mulberry vein banding associated virus (MVBaV) that infects mulberry plants with typical vein banding symptoms had been identified as a tentative species of the genus Tospovirus based on the homology of N gene sequence to those of tospoviruses. In this study, the complete sequence of the tripartite RNA genome of MVBaV was determined and analyzed. The L RNA has 8905 nucleotides (nt) and encodes the putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of 2877 aa amino acids (aa) in the viral complementary (vc) strand. The RdRp of MVBaV shares the highest aa sequence identity (85.9%) with that of Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV), and contains conserved motifs shared with those of the species of the genus Tospovirus. The M RNA contains 4731 nt and codes in ambisense arrangement for the NSm protein of 309 aa in the sense strand and the Gn/Gc glycoprotein precursor (GP) of 1,124 aa in the vc strand. The NSm and GP of MVBaV share the highest aa sequence identities with those of Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) and Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) (83.2% and 84.3%, respectively). The S RNA is 3294 nt in length and contains two open reading frames (ORFs) in an ambisense coding strategy, encoding a 439-aa non-structural protein (NSs) and the 277-aa nucleocapsid protein (N), respectively. The NSs and N also share the highest aa sequence identity (71.1% and 74.4%, respectively) with those of CaCV. Phylogenetic analysis of the RdRp, NSm, GP, NSs, and N proteins showed that MVBaV is most closely related to CaCV and GBNV and that these proteins cluster with those of the WSMoV serogroup, and that MVBaV seems to be a species bridging the two subgroups within the WSMoV serogroup of tospoviruses in evolutionary aspect, suggesting that MVBaV represents a distinct tospovirus. Analysis of S RNA sequence uncovered the highly conserved 5’-/3’-ends and the coding regions, and the variable region of IGR with divergent patterns among MVBaV isolates.     

Molecular Evolution of the Genomic RNA of Apple Stem Grooving Capillovirus

The complete genome of the German isolate AC of Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) was sequenced. It encodes two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs), similarly to previously described ASGV isolates. Two regions of high variability were detected between the ASGV isolates, variable region 1 (V1, from amino acids (aa) 532 to 570), and variable region 2 (V2, from aa 1,583 to 1,868). The phylogenetic analysis of the V1 and V2 regions suggested that the ASGV diversity was structured by host plant species rather than geographical origin. The dN/dS ratio between nonsynonymous and synonymous nucleotide substitution rates varied greatly along the ASGV genome. Most of ORF1 showed predominant negative selection except for the two regions V1 and V2. V1 showed an elevated dN and an average dS when compared to the ORF1 background but no significant positive selection was detected. The V2 region of ORF1 showed an elevated dN and a low dS when compared to the ORF1 background with an average dN/dS????3.0 indicative of positive selection. However, the V2 area includes overlapping ORFs, making the dN/dS estimate biased. Joint estimates of the selection intensity in the different ORFs by a recent method indicated that this region of ORF1 was in fact evolving close to neutrality. This was convergent with previous results showing that introduction of stop codons in this region of ORF1 did not impair plant infection. These data suggest that the elimination of a stop codon caused the overprinting of a novel coding region over the ancestral ORF.     

RNA silencing suppressor activity of Velvet bean severe mosaic begomovirus DNA-A encoded proteins

Velvet bean severe mosaic virus (VbSMV) is a bipartite DNA virus infecting Mucuna pruriens (Velvet bean), belongs to the genus Begomovirus in the family Geminiviridae. Velvet bean is a medicinal plant of enormous medicinal value. In the present study, it was delineated that proteins encoded by VbSMV viz. AV2 (pre-coat protein), AC2 (TrAP), AV1 (coat protein) are suppressors of RNA silencing as identified through Agrobacterium co-infiltration assays using Nicotiana benthamiana as a host plant. AV2 showed strong suppressor activity whereas AC1 and AV1 were found to be weak suppressors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on identification of suppressor of RNA silencing encoded by VbSMV infecting a medicinal plant.