甘南玛曲植物群落的多元分析与环境解释

应用无偏对应分析（ＤＣＡ）及二岐指示种分析（ＴＷＩＮＳＰＡＮ）对玛曲１７８个植物群落样方资料进行了多斐邓和数量分类,并应用植物群落的排序值与环境参数的多元回归分析出各群类型的定量环境解释,探讨了该区植物群的基本类型生态梯度及其与环境因子的定量关系。结果表明,玛曲的植物群落类型及基分布主要取惟地热量和湿度,并可通过环境参数地数字表达式定量地确定。     

塔里木荒漠河岸林异质生境物种多样性比较与其测度指标筛选及评价

选择合适的物种多样性测度指标与多样性指数是进行群落多样性研究的基础工作。依据塔里木河上游荒漠河岸林样地调查资料,分别采用重要值、盖度和多度为测度指标比较了反映群落物种丰富度、多样性、均匀度和优势度12种多样性指数与异质生境群落多样性特征,并对多样性指数进行了相关分析与评价。结果表明,荒漠河岸林异质生境群落物种组成种类差异明显,轮南镇胡杨群落物种丰富度与多样性指数最高,水工三连灰胡杨群落多样性最低,土壤水盐的空间异质性是引起荒漠植被空间分布与群落多样性差异的主导因子。表征荒漠群落多样性以重要值和盖度为测度指标优于多度指标,其中以重要值为测度指标来反映群落多样性更为合理。相关与主成分分析表明,均匀度与多样性指数间的相关性高于丰富度与多样性指数,且多样性指数受均匀度、优势度指数受丰富度影响较大,反映出荒漠河岸林群落多样性主要决定于物种分布的均匀程度。12种多样性指数中Margalef丰富度指数（Ma）、Shannon-Weiner多样性指数（H）与Simpson多样性指数（D）能客观真实地反映异质生境荒漠植物群落多样性。同时,针对高度生境异质性的荒漠植物群落,还应综合考虑群落物种组成与生境特征,选择合适的多样性指数组合可更客观地反映荒漠河岸林群落多样性变化。     

三峡大老岭地区森林群落的数量分类研究

在大量的嫩落样方调查基础上,利用二元批示种分类法（ＴＷＩＮＳＰＡＮ）对三峡大老岭地区的森林群落进行数量分类,并据此划人会区山地植被垂直带的高度范围,讨论了ＴＷＩＮＳＰＡＮ方法的特点及其应用于结构复杂的亚热带木时应依据的原则。最后,文章总结了大老岭地区的森林群落类型。     

科尔沁沙质草甸草场不同牧压条件植物群落分异数量分析

本文用ＴＷＩＮＳＰＡＮ分类和ＰＣＡ及ＤＣＡ排序技术分析了沙质草甸草场放牧试验引起地植物群落分异的特征,主要结论为：放牧强度是引起群落分异的主要原因,群落的分异主要表现在高度和现存生物量上。放牧引起群落变化的动力主要是放牧强度。而无牧条件下群落变化的主要动力是植物间的相互作用。当地的放牧强度处于中牧与重牧之间,属于过度放牧。这是引起草场退化及沙漠化的主要原因之一。     

宁夏灵武地区农田排水沟植物物种多样性

为探索宁夏灵武地区农田排水沟植物物种组成和多样性特征,选择24条农田排水沟,分别于2009和2010年8月对植物物种和群落结构进行调查,并对物种多样性特征进行分析.结果表明,排水沟植物由17科36属43种组成,分为以芦苇(Phragmites australis)为主要建群种的6种群落类型和1个沉水植物群落,其中水烛+芦苇(Typha angustifolia+Phragmites australis)群落生物量(平均鲜重达2326.2 g· m-2)显著高于其他群落,2010年排水沟植物群落生物量较2009年小;边坡较沟底的物种多样性高,其中Shannon指数、丰富度指数差异达到显著水平,且2009年沟底物种多样性高于2010年.排水沟水文条件、水质和人为干扰可能是影响农田排水沟植物分布、群落组成及多样性特征的主要因素.     

中国东北西部地区沙质荒漠化过程与植被动态关系的生态学研究：植被的分类

根据东北沙质荒漠化地区呼化贝尔沙地、科尔沁沙地的７２个沙地植物群落样地、２７６种植物的调查数据,进行双向指标种分析（ＴＷＩＮＳＰＡＮ）,结合ＤＣＡ排序得到符合客观实际的分类结果,初步建立了中国东北沙质荒漠化地区植被分类系统,６个植被型,１１个植被亚型,４０个群系,５５个群丛。     

模糊C－均值聚类和TWINSPAN分类的比较研究

以英国威尔士北部Ｓｎｏｗｄｏｎｉａ山地Ａｂｅｒ山谷植被为例,对模糊ｃ－均值聚类和ＴＷＩＮＳＰＡＮ分类进行了应用和比较研究。两种方法的结果一致。模糊ｃ－均值聚类结果给出样地和植被类型间的隶属程度,在一定程度上优于ＴＷＩＮＳＰＡＮ。     

模糊C－均值聚类和TWINSPAN分类的比较研究

以英国威尔士北部Ｓｎｏｗｄｏｎｉａ山地Ａｂｅｒ山谷植被为例,对模糊ｃ－均值聚类和ＴＷＩＮＳＰＡＮ分类进行了应用和比较研究。两种方法的结果一致。模糊ｃ－均值聚类结构给出样地和植被类型间的隶属程度,在一定程度上优于ＴＷＩＮＳＰＡＮ。     

大丰麋鹿保护区不同生境梯度下滩涂湿地植被的群落特征

以江苏大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区第三核心区内的滩涂湿地植被为对象,采用样线法结合样方法进行野外调查,并采用等级聚类分析、主成分分析(PCA)和Shannon-Wiener物种多样性、Simpson生态优势度、Pielou群落均匀度等指数分析群落特征。结果表明,34个样地共有植物5科11属11种,划分为5种群落类型,群落优势种明显,伴生种较少,种类组成单调,均为草本植物;从近海至近岸滩涂湿地植被的分布呈现出较为明显的规律性变化:互花米草群落→碱蓬群落→大穗结缕草群落→芦苇群落→白茅群落,其物种多样性、生态优势度和群落均匀度均较低,物种丰富度呈现出由低到高再降低的趋势;PCA和植物生理特性分析结果暗示,土壤盐分梯度是影响植物群落分布的主要因素。     

吕梁山严村低中山区植物群落演替分析

采用一次性同时调查的方法获得数据,用数量分类（ＴＷＩＮＳＰＡＮ）和排序（ＤＣＡ）研究严村低中山植物群落演替。在黄土弃耕地上群落的演替顺序为：苦苣＋狗尾草群落（Ｃｏｍｍ．Ｉｘｅｒｉｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｓｐ．ｖｅｒｓｉｃｏｌｏｒ＋Ｓｅｔａｒｉａ ｖｉｒｉｄｉｓ）→蒿类群落（Ｃｏｍｍ．Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａ ｓｐｐ．）→野艾蒿＋披碱草群落（Ｃｏｍｍ．Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａ ｌａｖａｎｄｕｌａｅｆｏｌｉａ＋     

黄河干流河岸带植物群落特征及其影响因子分析

作为河岸带生态系统的关键组成部分,河岸带植被为许多动植物提供了栖息地以及迁徙或扩散的廊道,并对非点源污染物有着缓冲和过滤作用。黄河是我国湿地的重要组成部分,也是生物多样性分布的关键地带。但是,目前黄河水资源的过度利用如农业灌溉和干流拦河水利工程的兴建在很大程度上改变了原有的水文情势,对河岸带植被发育带来了不利影响。另外,黄河两岸的加固硬化进一步破坏了河岸带植物的生存环境。然而,过去对于黄河河岸带植被仅有对个别河段的调查。为了解目前黄河河岸带植被现状,于2008年4-6月及2008年9-10月对黄河干流河岸带植被进行了两次系统调查,以期为黄河河岸带植被多样性的保护、河岸带的开发管理提供理论支持。对群落的物种组成、多样性进行了分析,并采用双向指示种分析法对黄河干流河岸带植被进行了数量分类。共采集到木本和草本植物169种,隶属于37科124属。区系分析表明黄河干流河岸带植被区系地理成分多样。空间分布方面,中游河段草本植物无论在种类数、密度、生物量上都较上游和下游河段丰富。TWINSPAN将植被划分为17个群落,论述了各群落的特征。环境分析表明,影响黄河干流河岸带植被空间分布的主要生态因子是海拔、年均气温、年均降雨量、年均径流量和平均最大流速。       

Order and disorder in the river continuum: the contribution of continuity and connectivity to floodplain meadow biodiversity

Aim Aspects of connectivity and continuity operating in the River Meuse were analysed for their contribution to the biodiversity of the floodplain. From this analysis of the diversity and composition of the meadow communities, we aimed to derive effective biodiversity conservation strategies. Location The River Meuse is one of the larger rivers in the European Western Plains ecoregion. The alluvial plains of the river have a long history of cultivation, and for these plains the floodplain meadow vegetation is a highly appreciated and valuable nature conservation asset. Method We sampled floodplain meadows from 400 km of the six geomorphic reaches of the middle to lower course of the River Meuse. For each, 50 vascular plant relevés were recorded, representing the spectrum of floodplain meadow communities of that reach. Beta diversity was calculated to quantify similarity in species pools between the reaches. A dissimilarity formula was used to determine the turnover between the reaches, and these dissimilarities were compared with a Mantel test to detect whether species composition of the floodplain meadows exhibited connectivity and continuity between the reaches. Species richness for the floodplain vegetation data of the reaches was compared with data for riparian invertebrate communities. The vegetation data sets were ordinated using detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) to reveal patterns in the floodplain meadow species composition, and the DCA axes were related to plant functional groups and population strategies. The axis scores of the species and plots were linked to river and plant species traits. Results We did not observe an overall continuity trend in similarity, nor one in diversity in a downstream direction. Lateral connectivity was highlighted by the dissimilarity between the reaches and in the influxes of species from adjacent ecoregions. The DCA ordination showed statistically significant separations between reaches and between the plant functional groups. The second DCA axis related to the longitudinal gradient of the river, whereas the first axis showed stronger correlations with river and plant species traits. We termed this axis the ‘disorder axis’. Plant invaders and avoiders are located at the left side of the disorder axis, whereas the true river‐adapted categories of resisters and endurers are at the right extremity. Contributions to the disorder were identified in terms of connectivity with adjacent ecoregions and the physical disturbance regime of natural and anthropogenic perturbations, resulting in community changes between the reaches. Main conclusions We concluded that a single overall strategy for biodiversity conservation of the river or its floodplains is not feasible. Strategies can, however, be derived for separate river reaches based on functional groups in the communities, the disorder characteristics of the reach, and the influence of surrounding ecoregions.     

亚热带峰丛洼地恢复演替植物群落的数量分类和排序——以广西马山弄拉峰丛洼地为例

采用双向指示种分析法(TWINSPAN)和除趋势对应分析(DCA)对弄拉峰丛洼地恢复演替植物群落进行数量分类和排序。TWINSPAN将20个样方分为10个组,根据植被分类的原则划分为10个群丛,论述了各群丛的群落学特征。20个样方的DCA排序结果反映了恢复演替群落与环境梯度的关系,表明影响群丛分布格局的主导生态因子为恢复时间、人为干扰及露石率。DCA排序将53个种分为4个种组,影响峰丛洼地恢复演替群落及其物种分布格局的主导生态因子为恢复时间、岩性和水分等。各物种在排序轴上的位置反映了种组成员的生态适应性及其在群落中的重要性和更新生态位。     

大兴安岭沟谷冻土湿地植物群落分类、物种多样性和物种分布梯度

应用双向指示种分析法（TWINSPAN）和除趋势对应分析法（DCA）,对大兴安岭不同纬度的12个沟谷的冻土湿地植物群落之间的物种多样性和物种分布的环境梯度变化进行了分析．结果表明：研究区12个沟谷冻土湿地样地可划分为4个群丛组,分别位于不同的纬度范围;TWINSPAN的分类结果很好地反映了研究区沟谷冻土湿地植物群丛组的分布与纬度的关系,并在DCA二维排序图上得到了较好的验证．随着纬度的减小以及年均气温、年均降水量、1月平均气温和干燥度的增加,群落的物种多样性逐渐增大．研究区沟谷冻土湿地植物群落的灌木层和草本层的优势种和共优种多为适应湿地环境的沼生和湿生植物,随着纬度的减小,喜冷湿环境的沼生和湿生植物种类逐渐减少,甚至消失,而耐旱的中生植物的比重则逐渐加大.     

安太堡矿区人工植被在恢复过程中的生态关系

采用TWINSPAN、DCA和DCCA,从植物种、植物群落与环境因子关系方面对平朔安太堡矿区的人工植被在恢复过程中的生态关系进行了研究.结果表明,将63个样方划分为12个群落类型,反映了植物群落与环境梯度之间的关系,并列举了各群落的特征.DCA排序图明显反映出排序轴的生态意义,随着复垦时间的增加,土壤含水量也不断升高.DCCA排序进一步表明了土壤有机质含量是所有因子中对植物群落发展起决定性作用的主要环境因素.     

长白山高山冻原植物群落的数量分类和排序

本文用目前在国际上比较先进的双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)多元等级分划分类方法和无趋势对应分析(DCA)排序方法对长自山高山冻原植物群落进行了研究。研究结果表明:DCA的第2轴与长白山高山冻原59个植物群落类型的土壤水分梯度紧密相关, TWINSPAN将长白山高山冻原59个植物群落分为12组。此外, 本文还对长白山高山冻原植物群落的TWINSPAN和DCA分类结果与经典分类方法对其分类的结果进行了比较。     

Species and plant community distribution in a Mojave-Great Basin desert transition

Multivariate analyses were used to describe the vegetation characteristics of a transition from lowelevation Mojave desert to higher-elevation Great Basin desert. Vegetation data used were from Plutonium Valley in the Nevada Test Site. Data from forty nine releves were analyzed with two classifications (two-day indicator analysis or TWINSPAN and unweighted paried group cluster analysis or CLUSTER). Three ordinations, reciprocal averaging (RA), detrended reciprocal averaging (DCA) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (MNDS), were also used. A rotational correlation analysis was used to determine the vector direction of environmental gradients that correlate best with ordination results. Only token correspondence was found between multivariate classes generated by TWINSPAN and CLUSTER, and seven classes (plant communities) identified from field reconnaissance. The latter seven communities were based on differences in dominant species. Distribution of the vegetation was related more to beta diversity than alpha diversity. Individual species were much less diagnostic than the amount of plant cover, groups or guilds of species or differences in elevation and steepness of slope. Because of the high beta diversity the NMDS ordination gave results with the greatest ease of interpretation.     

新疆博格达山地面生苔藓植被的数量分类与排序研究

 应用数量分类(TWINSPAN)和排序(DCA)方法,对新疆博格达山苔藓植被进行了多元分析。TWINSPAN结果表明,该地区苔藓植被可分为6个主要群落类型,即牛角藓-真藓(Cratoneuron-Bryum)群落、扭口藓-墙藓(Barbula-Tortula)群落、提灯藓-细罗藓(Mnium-Leskeella)群落、对叶藓-提灯藓(Distichium_Mnium)群落、墙藓-连轴藓(Tortula_Schistidium)群落、扭口藓-紫萼藓(Barbula_Grimmia)群落,它们分别分布于山地荒     

Coastal plant and soil relationships along the southwestern coast of South Korea

We studied how plant species distribution was regulated by the relationships between vegetation and soil factors on the southwestern coast of South Korea. Vegetation was classified using two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN), thereby producing four vegetation groups that were linked to three habitat types. Two ordination techniques —; detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) —; were applied to examine the relationships between vegetation and 12 edaphic factors, including soil pH, water and osmotic potentials, moisture content, electrical conductivity, Cl and Na⁺ contents, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and contents of organic matter, sand, silt, and clay. Results were similar for both types of evaluations. According to DCA and CCA, the 23 communities tended to cluster into three types: salt swamp, salt marsh, and sand dune. The first two canonical axes accounted for 14.9% of the community-soil factor relationship among communities. As identified via CCA, the main gradients were soil-water relations and soil texture.     

北京市园林植物数量生态关系的研究--以陶然亭月季园为例

以北京市陶然亭公园内的月季园为例,应用DCA、TWINSPAN、综合多样性指数等数量分析方法,对北京市园林绿化植物进行生态关系的研究。结果表明：月季园内植物群落划分为6个群落类型,分类和排序的结果都反映出土壤水分和温度两个环境梯度。且随着土壤水分的增加,物种多样性增加。乔木群落多样性高于灌丛群落多样性,其中刺槐与刺柏具有最高的综合多样性指数值。