六种犁头尖属植物(天南星科)的核型研究

报道了 6种 8个居群犁头尖属 ( Typhonium Schott)植物的核型 ,其结果如下 :( 1 )独角莲 ( T.gigan-teum)北京居群 2 n=4 x=5 2 =4 4m+ 7sm+ 1 st;( 2 )鞭檐犁头尖 ( T.flagelliforme)金平居群 2 n=3x=2 4 =3m+ 9sm( 4 SAT) + 1 2 st,河内居群 2 n=4 x=32 =7m+ 2 0 st+ 4sm+ 1 t;( 3)单籽犁头尖 ( T. calcicolum)西畴居群2 n=4 x=5 2 =2 1 sm+ 2 3m( 5 SAT) + 8st;( 4 )犁头尖 ( T.blumei)重庆居群 2 n=4 x=5 2 =4 0 m( 1 SAT) + 1 2 sm( 3SAT) ;( 5 )马蹄犁头尖 ( T.trilobatum)西双版纳居群 2 n=2 x=1 8=4 sm( 2 SAT) + 1 2 m+ 2 st,河内居群 2 n=2 x=1 8=2 st+ 9m+ 7sm;( 6 )金慈菇 ( T. roxburgii)个旧居群 2 n=2 x=1 8=8sm+ 1 0 m( 2 SAT)。其中鞭檐犁头尖 2 n=2 4、32 ,金慈菇 2 n=1 8均为首次报道 ,同时分析讨论了本属植物染色体基数和倍性的多样性及其可能的原始基数     

六种犁头属植物（天南星科）的核型研究

报道了6种8个居群犁头尖属（Typhonium Schott）植物的核型,其结果如下：（1）独角莲（T.gigan-teum）北京居群2n＝4x=52=44m 7sm 1st;（2）鞭檐犁头（T.flagelliforme）金平居群2n=3x=24=3m 9sm(4SAT) 12st,河内居群2n＝4x=32=7m 20st 4sm 1t;（3）单籽犁头（T.calcicolum)西畴居群2n=4x=52=21sm 23m(5SAT) 8st;（4）犁头尖（T.blumei）重庆居群2n=4x=52=40m(1SAT) 12sm(3SAT);(5)马蹄犁头（T.roxburgii）个旧居群2n＝2x=18=8sm 10m(2SAT)。其中鞭檐犁头尖2n=24、32,金慈菇2n＝28均为首次报道,同时分析讨论了本属植物染色体基数和倍性的多样性及其可能的原始基数。     

犁头尖属及其近缘属植物(天南星科)的花粉形态

利用扫描电镜对犁头尖属（Typhonium Schott）及其近缘属共18种植物的花粉进行研究,其中,8种为首次报道,11种为我国特有。结果表明：天南星族4属植物花粉形态基本一致,无萌发孔,无覆盖层,具刺,但各个种在花粉粒大小,刺长,刺的开关,刺的密度,刺基部直径和刺间纹饰方面差别较大,可以作为种的区别特征之一。花粉形态特征支持天南星族为本科最进化类群的观点。花粉粒刺间具颗粒为半夏属（Pinellia Tenore）植物花粉的显著特征,花粉形态特征不支持将单籽犁头尖（T,calcicolum C.Y.Wues H.Li et al.）和昆明犁头尖（T,kunmingense H,Li）合并。西南犁头尖（T.omeiense H.Li）的花粉粒非常小,认为是较进化的种。犁头尖属内种间的花粉形态差异较大,甚至大于属间的差异,或许该属的系统分类需要作较大的变动,这与Susanne利用cpDNA片段的所提结果基本一致。     

天南星科花叶万年青属两种植物的核型

报道了天南星科(Araceae)花叶万年青属(Dieffenbachia)两种植物染色体数目及核型,革叶万年青(D.daguensis)品种绿帝皇的核型公式为K(2n)=2x=34=12m 18sm 4st,核型类型为"3B",核型不对称系数As.K%=66.52%。花叶万年青(D.maculata)品种粉黛叶的核型公式为K(2n)=2x=34=2M 28m 4sm,核型类型为"1B",核型不对称系数为AS.K%=55.38%。与同科的较进化的犁头尖属和斑龙芋属比较,花叶万年青属植物的核型较原始些,且天南星科植物的核型极其多样化。     

天南星科斑龙芋属植物的核型研究

报道了天南星科（Araceae)斑龙芋属（Sauromatum)两种植物的型,它们的静止核均为渐变型,分裂前期染色体均为中间型,体细胞中期染色体均为2n=26,核型分别为：斑龙芋（S.venosum)2n=2x=26=14m 12sm;高黎贡山斑龙芋（S.gaoligongense)2n=2x=26=10m 12sm 4st,其中高黎南山斑龙芋的染色体数目和核型为首次报道。本文还就斑龙芋属的分类地位进行了初步讨论,认为在尚未进行更详细的、多方面的综合研究之前,仅从一些形态上的相似性就匆忙将斑龙芋属归并到犁头尖属是值得商榷的,并从珠芽和细胞学两方面的特性推断属与半夏属可能有较近的亲缘关系。     

三尖叶猪屎豆染色体核型分析

本文以三尖叶猪屎豆(Crotalaria anagyroides H.B.K)根尖为试验材料,对其染色体核型及数目进行了研究。研究结果表明:三尖叶猪屎豆体细胞染色体数目为2n=16。染色体组总长度为26.62微米,全部的染色体为中部着丝点,除在第8对染色体上发现有一随体外,其余均没有发现随体和次缢痕。按Levan的染色体分类标准,其染色体核型组成是K(2n)=16=14m+2m_8~(sat)。     

南京两种半夏群体水平变异式样的比较

南京东郊灵谷寺山坡有一种半夏属Pinellia植物,它外观上与半夏P.ternata相似,但无珠芽;在形态上则更近似鹞落坪半夏P.yaoluopingensis,但缺少子块茎。本文以两个半夏群体和一个鹞落坪半夏(暂名)群体为对象,从生境的调查、形态性状的测量、花粉粒电镜扫描和显微观察以及染色体的计数人手,对两种半夏的变异式样进行比较。结果表明鹞落坪半夏群体与半夏群体的区别在于：(1)营养器官绝无珠芽,佛焰苞檐部边缘决非紫红色,雄花序长度比半夏短,雌花序和附属器长度均比半夏长;(2)花粉粒比半夏小,虽都呈圆球形,但小刺状纹饰较稀疏;(3)染色体2n=26,与半夏群体2n=72不同;(4)半夏具有一定杂草特性,在不同程度人为干扰的环境中能很好地生长和开花。鹞落坪半夏则常见于落叶阔叶林下层未受人为干扰的环境中。     

斑龙芋属(天南星科) 及近缘属植物的叶表皮形态

光镜、电镜下观察了天南星科天南星族下斑龙芋属2 个种及近缘属13 个种植物的叶表皮形态特征。实验结果显示, 4 属植物的叶表皮组成及其形态特征较相似, 属间不存在明显差异, 但某些特征在种间存在差异, 可作为种的鉴别特征。叶表皮特征支持将单籽犁头尖和昆明犁头尖两个种合并为一个种。15 个种的气孔器均具有2 个副卫细胞, Stebbins and Khush 认为这是气孔器类型中较具2 个以上副卫细胞更进化的一种类型, 而天南星科大多数族的气孔器都具有2 个以上的副卫细胞, 这也证明了天南星族是天南星科较进化的族。     

斑龙芋属(天南星科)及近缘属植物的叶表皮形态

光镜、电镜下观察了天南星科天南星族下斑龙芋属2个种及近缘属13个种植物的叶表皮形态特征。实验结果显示,4属植物的叶表皮组成及其形态特征较相似,属间不存在明显差异,但某些特征在种间存在差异,可作为种的鉴别特征。叶表皮特征支持将单籽犁头尖和昆明犁头尖两个种合并为一个种。15个种的气孔器均具有2个副卫细胞,Stebbins andKhush认为这是气孔器类型中较具2个以上副卫细胞更进化的一种类型,而天南星科大多数族的气孔器都具有2个以上的副卫细胞,这也证明了天南星族是天南星科较进化的族。     

风毛菊属6种植物的核型分析

采用常规压片技术对分布于横断山区菊科(Compositae)风毛菊属(Saussurea DC.)的6种植物进行染色体数目和核型分析。结果表明:尖苞雪莲（S.polycolea var.acutisquama）核型公式为:2n=2x=32=20m+12sm,属2B型;球花雪莲核（S.globosa）型公式为:2n=2x=34=16m+18sm,属2B型;重齿风毛菊(S.katochaete)核型公式为:2n=2x=32=8m+18sm+6st,属3B型;柱茎风毛菊(S.columnaris)核型公式为:2n=2x=32=24m+8sm,属2B型;禾叶风毛菊(S.graminea)核型公式为:2n=2x=28=8m+18sm+2st,属3B型;长毛风毛菊(S.hieracioides)核型公式为:2n=2x=32=12m+16sm+4st,属2B型。6个种染色体中均未发现随体。其中尖苞雪莲和柱茎风毛菊染色体为首次报道。     

A new Australian genus of Araceae, with notes on generic limits and biogeography of the Areae

HAY, A., 1992. A new Australian genus of Araceae, with notes on generic limits and biogeography of the Areae . A monotypic aroid genus is described from Melville Island, Northern Territory, Australia. The genus is diagnosed in the tribe Areae by its tubular spathe base divided into two chambers by an annular septum. The genus is most closely related to Sauromatum and to some Asiatic, not Australian, species of Typhonium . It is proposed that the geography of the Areae (including Arum, Dracunculus etc.) may now suggest a Gondwanan (rather than Laurasian) and hence Cretaceous (rather than much more recent) origin for the tribe, and its dual arrival in Malesia.     

Typhonium muaklekense sp. nov. (Araceae) from Thailand

Typhonium muaklekense D. Sookchaloem & S. Maneeanakekul is described and illustrated. This new species resembles T. roxburghii Schott and T. varians Hett. & Sookch. in the spathe. Drawings, photographs and a table comparing diagnostic features of T. muaklekense, T. roxburghii and T. varians are provided.     

Characters of Leaf Epidermis in Genus Sauromatum (Araceae) and It’s Relative Genera

Leaf epidermis of 2 species in genus Sauromatum Schott were examined under light microscope and scanning electron microscope ( SEM) and compared with that of 13 species in genera Typhonium, Pinellia and Arisaema in the same tribe Area of Araceae . The result reveals that the characters of leaf epidermis between the several genera generally are very similar . However , some of the characters in the species of the same genus are variable and can be used to identify its species . The characters of leaf epidermis support to merge Typhonium kunmingense into Typhonium calcicolum . The stomata apparatus of 15 species are all brachyparacytic types with 2 subsidiary cells . This type of stomata apparatus is considered more evolutional than that with more than 2 subsidiary cells which existed in majority tribes of Araceae . This also verify some taxonomists’viewpoint that tribe Area is more evolutional in family Araceae .     

Hydroxycinnamoyl acid amides and aromatic amines in the inflorescences of some araceae species

Hydroxycinnamoyl acid amides (HCA's) were found to be important components in the inflorescences of different Araceae species. HCA's occurred in large amount in spathes and in the male and female flowers, and were totally absent from the sterile flowers, commonly found on Araceae spadices. Differences in the distribution of HCA's were noted between male and female flowers. Thus the amount of neutral HCA's was always greater in the male than in the female flowers and the female flowers generally contained more basic HCA'S. In the inflorescences of some Araceae species in the Monsteroideae and Philodendroideae (genera Monstera, Raphidophora and Philodendron), the aromatic amines tyramine and dopamine were very abundant, with concentrations ranging from 1 to 4 mg of each amine per g fr. wt.     

中国新记录穗芽水葱的分类学研究

该文报道了发现于浙江省景宁畲族自治县山地沼泽中的莎草科水葱属一中国新记录种———穗芽水葱(Schoenoplectus gemmifer C. Sato, T. Maeda ＆ Uchino)。该种外形与水毛花相似,但其秆质地较柔软,小穗较短,花柱2,具无性繁殖的穗芽。染色体数目为2n ＝78±2(水毛花的染色体数目为2n ＝44)。文献记载穗芽水葱特产于日本,并被列为日本稀有物种。该种在景宁的发现,对研究中国—日本植物区系具有重要学术价值。