共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Jane E. Schultz 《Journal of bioethical inquiry》2007,4(2):93-102
In researching the biomedically-engineered drug Neulasta (filgrastim), a breast cancer patient becomes aware of the extent
to which knowledge about the development and marketing of drugs influences her decisions with regard to treatment. Time spent
on understanding the commercial interests of insurers and pharmaceutical companies initially thwarts but ultimately aids the
healing process. This first-person narrative calls for physicians to recognize that the alignment of commercial interests
transgresses the patient’s humanity.
相似文献
Jane E. SchultzEmail: |
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Jesper Hoffmeyer 《Biosemiotics》2008,1(2):169-190
Most bodies in this world do not have brains and the minority of animal species that do have brained bodies are descendents
from species with more distributed or decentralized nervous systems. Thus, bodies were here first, and only relatively late
in evolution did the bodies of a few species grow supplementary organs, brains, sophisticated enough to support a psychological
life. Psychological life therefore from the beginning was embedded in and served as a tool for corporeal life. This paper
discusses the semiotically controlled dynamics of bodily existence that has allowed the evolution of these seemingly ‘unnatural’
mental and even linguistic kinds of species. It is shown how the skin, on the one hand, makes us belong in the world, and
on the other hand, is part of the huge landscape of membranes across which the semiotic self incessantly must be reconstituted.
The discussion moves on to the intracellular world of signal transduction through which the activity of single cells are put
to service for bodily needs. The paper further considers the mechanisms behind homeostasis and the semiotics of the psycho-neuro-endocrine
integration in the body. The concept of semiotic emergence is introduced and a holistic marker hypothesis for why some animals
may have an experiential life is suggested.
相似文献
Jesper HoffmeyerEmail: |
4.
Peter beim Graben Dimitris Pinotsis Douglas Saddy Roland Potthast 《Cognitive neurodynamics》2008,2(2):79-88
We construct a mapping from complex recursive linguistic data structures to spherical wave functions using Smolensky’s filler/role
bindings and tensor product representations. Syntactic language processing is then described by the transient evolution of
these spherical patterns whose amplitudes are governed by nonlinear order parameter equations. Implications of the model in
terms of brain wave dynamics are indicated.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: ) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
相似文献
Peter beim GrabenEmail: |
5.
Mark B. Couch 《Biology & philosophy》2009,24(4):505-519
Arguments for multiple realization depend on the idea that the same kind of function is realized by different kinds of structures.
It is important to such arguments that we know the kinds used in the arguments have been individuated properly. In the philosophical
literature, though, claims about how to individuate kinds are frequently decided on intuitive grounds. This paper criticizes
this way of approaching kinds by considering how practicing researchers think about the matter. I will consider several examples
in which the practice of researchers on comparative vision conflicts with the standard account of these issues.
相似文献
Mark B. CouchEmail: |
6.
Causal Explanation of Indonesian Forest Fires: Concepts, Applications, and Research Priorities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Andrew P. Vayda 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》2006,34(5):615-635
Problems with studies, claims, and assumptions that have been made about the causes of fires in Indonesia's tropical moist forests are identified, and the kinds of concepts, methods, prioritizing, and data needed to resolve the problems are discussed. Separate sections are devoted to studying ignitions, studying fire susceptibility and fire behavior, and using the goal of causal explanation to guide interdisciplinary research.
相似文献
Andrew P. VaydaEmail: |
7.
Sub-Antarctic Marion Island has had a permanent research station for 50 years and the islands Wandering Albatrosses have been intensively studied for 20 years. The reactions of breeding birds to approaches by a human on foot were recorded. Three response variables were calculated: intensity of vocal reaction (IVR), intensity of non-vocal reaction (INR) and overall response index (ORI). At 5 m from the nest, twice as many birds stood and/or vocalised as at 15 m. Nearest neighbour distance, age and gender did not explain individual variability of responses. Study colony birds had higher IVR scores than non-study colony birds; birds at colonies closest to the station had the highest ORI scores. A better breeding record was associated with lower IVR and ORI scores, but a causative relationship remains to be demonstrated. A minimum viewing distance of 25 m is recommended for breeding Wandering Albatrosses.
相似文献
Marienne S. de VilliersEmail: Fax: +27-21-6503434 |
John CooperEmail: |
Peter G. RyanEmail: |
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The quantum chemical cluster approach for modeling enzyme reactions is reviewed. Recent applications have used cluster models
much larger than before which have given new modeling insights. One important and rather surprising feature is the fast convergence
with cluster size of the energetics of the reactions. Even for reactions with significant charge separation it has in some
cases been possible to obtain full convergence in the sense that dielectric cavity effects from outside the cluster do not
contribute to any significant extent. Direct comparisons between quantum mechanics (QM)-only and QM/molecular mechanics (MM)
calculations for quite large clusters in a case where the results differ significantly have shown that care has to be taken
when using the QM/MM approach where there is strong charge polarization. Insights from the methods used, generally hybrid
density functional methods, have also led to possibilities to give reasonable error limits for the results. Examples are finally
given from the most extensive study using the cluster model, the one of oxygen formation at the oxygen-evolving complex in
photosystem II.
相似文献
Per E. M. SiegbahnEmail: |
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The recent contribution by Jarmila Kukalová-Peck on Hennigian phylogenetics and hexapod limb evolution is critically evaluated.
相似文献
Michael S. Engel (Corresponding author)Email: |
12.
Peter Godfrey-Smith 《Biology & philosophy》2007,22(3):429-437
Jablonka and Lamb's claim that evolutionary biology is undergoing a ‘revolution’ is queried. But the very concept of revolutionary
change has uncertain application to a field organized in the manner of contemporary biology. The explanatory primacy of sequence
properties is also discussed.
相似文献
Peter Godfrey-SmithEmail: |
13.
Terry Harmer 《Cluster computing》2007,10(3):277-285
Gridcast is an R&D project investigating grid ideas and technologies in the broadcasting technical infrastructure. In this
paper I discuss the business and technical issues in building infrastructures to support broadcasters and outline the structure
of the Gridcast grid-based service oriented architecture for broadcasting playout support.
相似文献
Terry HarmerEmail: |
14.
Philip Richard Sullivan 《Biology & philosophy》2009,24(1):65-79
This paper demonstrates that the human visual system, the primary sensory conduit for primates, processes ambient energy in
a way that obligatorily constructs the objects that we ineluctably perceive. And since our perceptual apparatus processes
information only in terms of objects (along with the properties and movements of objects), we are limited in our ability to comprehend ‘what
is’ when we move beyond our ordinary world of midsize objects—as, for example, when we address the micro microworld of quantum
physics.
相似文献
Philip Richard SullivanEmail: |
15.
The distinction between personal level explanations and subpersonal ones has been subject to much debate in philosophy. We
understand it as one between explanations that focus on an agent’s interaction with its environment, and explanations that
focus on the physical or computational enabling conditions of such an interaction. The distinction, understood this way, is
necessary for a complete account of any agent, rational or not, biological or artificial. In particular, we review some recent
research in Artificial Life that pretends to do completely without the distinction, while using agent-centred concepts all
the way. It is argued that the rejection of agent level explanations in favour of mechanistic ones is due to an unmotivated
need to choose among representationalism and eliminativism. The dilemma is a false one if the possibility of a radical form
of externalism is considered.
相似文献
Jason NobleEmail: |
16.
Margaret Otlowski 《Journal of bioethical inquiry》2007,4(2):135-150
This paper provides a legal overview of key issues associated with donation of genetic samples and information from a donor
perspective. In particular, it addresses the property status of samples as well as issues in respect of consent, privacy,
commercialisation and benefit sharing. The paper highlights the need for appropriate protection and safeguards for individuals,
but also, importantly, for understanding what donors actually think and want in terms of genetic research and the use of their
samples and information. The paper seeks to emphasise the importance of transparency and accountability in the conduct of
research in order to maximise donor participation and confidence and public trust in general.
相似文献
Margaret OtlowskiEmail: |
17.
Mohan Matthen 《Biology & philosophy》2007,22(5):675-689
The specialization of visual function within biological function is reason for introducing “homology thinking” into explanations
of the visual system. It is argued that such specialization arises when organisms evolve by differentiation from their predecessors.
Thus, it is essentially historical, and visual function should be regarded as a lineage property. The colour vision of birds and mammals do not function the same way as one another, on this account, because each is an adaptation
to special needs of the visual functions of predecessors—very different kinds of predecessors in each case. Thus, history
underlies function. We also see how homology thinking figures in the hierarchical classification of visual systems, and how
it supports the explanation of visual function by functional role analysis.
相似文献
Mohan MatthenEmail: |
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19.
Gabriel Antoniu Hinde Lilia Bouziane Mathieu Jan Christian Pérez Thierry Priol 《Cluster computing》2007,10(3):265-276
Software component technologies are being accepted as an adequate solution for handling the complexity of applications. However,
existing software component models tend to be specialized to some types of resource architectures (e.g. in-process, distributed
environments, etc.) and/or do not provide a very high level of abstraction. This paper focuses on handling data sharing on operation invocations between components as a solution allowing applications to be efficiently executed on all kinds of
resources. In particular, the data sharing pattern appears in master–worker applications, when workers need to access only
a part of a large piece of data, either in read or write mode. This approach is applied to the Common Component Architecture
model. Its benefits are discussed using an image rendering application.
相似文献
Christian PérezEmail: |
20.
A key point in the analysis of dynamical models of biological systems is to handle systems of relatively high dimensions.
In the present paper we propose a method to hierarchically organize a certain type of piecewise affine (PWA) differential
systems. This specific class of systems has been extensively studied for the past few years, as it provides a good framework
to model gene regulatory networks. The method, shown on several examples, allows a qualitative analysis of the asymptotic
behavior of a PWA system, decomposing it into several smaller subsystems. This technique, based on the well-known strongly
connected components decomposition, is not new. However, its adaptation to the non-smooth PWA differential equations turns
out to be quite relevant because of the strong discrete structure underlying these equations. Its biological relevance is
shown on a 7-dimensional PWA system modeling the gene network responsible for the carbon starvation response in Escherichia coli.
相似文献
Laurent Tournier (Corresponding author)Email: |
Jean-Luc GouzéEmail: |