DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES IN ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN MOUSE AND MAN

The effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy is easily demonstrated in many mouse models, whereas in man the response is good but far less spectacular. With the aid of a mathematical model the following variables in which differences may exist between mouse and man were tested: 1. Uniformity of tumour load in population 2. Cell kinetic factors in drug sensitivity 3. Variation of drug sensitivity among tumours 4. Drug penetration into tumour 5. Tumour antigenicity 6. Variation in growth rate among tumours It is concluded that factors 1 and 3 are responsible for the difference. Mouse models are more sensitive by selection of an effective drug and an optimal tumour load. Other factors seem not to affect the results.     

七筋姑的大小孢子发生雌雄配子体发育及多糖物质的动态

七筋姑(Clintonia udensis Trautv. et Mey)具倒生胚珠、双珠被、薄珠心、单个孢原。大孢子母细胞减数分裂后形成1 3排列,合点端三核退化,珠孔端有功能的大孢子核进行两次有丝分裂。成熟胚囊具5核或6核,即1组卵器、1上极核、合点端的1个或2个退化核。胚囊发育为四孢子、高度退化的贝母型。花药壁由表皮、药室内壁、两层中间层及绒毡层组成,发育属单子叶型。绒毡层解体方式为分泌型。小孢子母细胞减数分裂时胞质分裂为连续型。二轴对称式四分体,2-细胞成熟花粉粒。组织化学表明:大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体形成过程中的不溶性多糖颗粒的分布呈现规律性变化。     

EMBRYO GROWTH AND SEED SIZE IN RAPHANUS SATIVUS: MATERNAL AND PATERNAL EFFECTS IN VIVO AND IN VITRO

Theories on the evolution of the angiosperm seed disagree as to the effects of different plant tissues on embryo growth. To examine the relative contributions of maternal and paternal genes on embryo growth, we conducted controlled crosses in the greenhouse with wild radish plants (Raphanus sativus), looked for maternal, paternal, and interaction effects on embryo development, and compared the performance of embryos within fruits and in embryo culture. Maternal plant identity affected fruit set, seeds per fruit, embryo developmental stage, and mean seed weight. In embryo culture, maternal effects were found for cotyledon size and embryo weight. Paternal effects were fewer or smaller in magnitude than maternal effects. The identity of the pollen donor affected embryo developmental stage and mean seed weight. In culture, paternal effects were detected for cotyledon size and embryo weight. Our results demonstrate that both maternal and paternal elements affect embryo growth. The fact that maternal effects are greater than paternal effects on embryo development in culture may result from cytoplasmic elements or maternal nuclear genes. Embryo performance in vivo compared to that in vitro varied among maternal plants. The interaction between an embryo and its endosperm and maternal tissues may be either positive or negative, depending upon the maternal plant and the embryo's developmental stage.     

VARIATION IN PREFERENCE AND SPECIFICITY IN MONOPHAGOUS AND OLIGOPHAGOUS SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLIES

Although variation in oviposition preference and specificity for host plants has been demonstrated within populations of a variety of oligophagous insect species, it is unknown whether genetic variation in host choice is lost within populations of monophagous species. Analysis of a locally monophagous butterfly species, Papilio oregonius, and a locally oligophagous species, P. zelicaon, showed significant variation in oviposition preference within populations of both species. Females of both species chose primarily their native hosts. Nonetheless, the percentages of eggs laid by individual females among the plant species and the number of plant species on which individual females laid eggs differed significantly among isofemale strains within populations. Moreover, some females within all isofemale strains of both species laid a few eggs on Foeniculum vulgare, an umbelliferous species that does not occur in the native habitats of these populations but is a host for Papilio species in other geographic areas. The results suggest that local monophagy and oligophagy in these species reflect the relative ranking among potential plant species. Both populations harbor variation in oviposition choice that could allow for host shifts if these populations invaded new habitats.     

MEGAGAMETOPHYTE AND NUCELLUS IN RESTIONACEAE AND FLAGELLARIACEAE

Restionaceae are characterized by Polygonum-type development, a well-developed hypostase, the presence of starch grains in the mature female gametophyte, and a thick nucellus that is uniseriate at the micropylar end. Flagellaria indica differs in these characters. In general, proliferation of antipodals occurs in South African taxa of Restionaceae but not in Australasian taxa. The presence of multiplied antipodals is the usual condition in the allied family Poaceae, but the sporadic occurrence of this character in Restionaceae cannot be used to support the view that the two families are sister groups.     

DNA IN GAMETOGENESIS AND EMBRYOGENY IN TRADESCANTIA

A microphotometric study of various Feulgen-stained gametophytic and sporophytic nuclei of Tradescantia paludosa was made to test the hypothesis that DNA is maintained in multiples of a basic unit within all cells of an organism. A multiple relationship was found in all tissues analyzed. The lowest amount of DNA was found in gametophytic nuclei, approximately twice and four times this amount in sporophytic nuclei, and approximately three and six times this amount in endosperm nuclei. Intermediate amounts of DNA were found only in tissues presumably undergoing an interphase synthesis of DNA preceding either cell division or endomitosis. It is concluded that within the limitations of present methods of measurement, DNA amounts show a quantitative behavior which supports the "constancy" hypothesis. Such quantitative stability of DNA gives support to the concept that DNA is associated with the stable elements of the gene.     

南方水稻氮素吸收与利用效率的基因型差异及评价

 以南方籼型水稻（Oryza sativa）品种为试验材料进行大田试验,以探讨提高水稻氮素吸收与利用效率的基因型潜力。结果表明,除早季分蘖期氮素积累量、干物质生产效率和抽穗期氮素积累量以及晚季氮素运转效率外,各基因型氮素吸收与利用效率存在显著或极显著的差异,提高水稻氮素吸收与利用效率的基因型潜力很大。基因型生育期对其氮素吸收与利用效率产生重要影响,生育期较长的基因型其氮素吸收效率、稻谷和干物质生产效率以及农艺效率较高。杂交稻氮素的生产效率、农艺效率、回收效率和收获指数较常规稻高,但二系杂交稻并没有比三系杂交稻明显提高。通过排序方式对各基因型氮素吸收与利用效率进行评价的结果表明,不同氮素吸收与利用效率指标的排序以及同一指标早晚季的排序均存在较大差异。氮素吸收与利用效率经标准化后的综合排序可对各基因型的氮素吸收与利用效率进行综合评价,吻合系数则可较好地反映各基因型早晚季氮素吸收与利用效率的排序。