蛋白激酶C抑制剂对U937细胞清道夫受体功能的影响

为了解细胞内蛋白质磷酸化水平对清道夫受体功能的影响,用蛋白激酶Ｃ抑掉剂形孢菌素（ｓｔａｕｒｏｓｐｏｒｉｎｅ,ＳＴＡ）处理人Ｕ９３７细胞,分别测定对照组和处理组细胞对碘标记的氧化低密度脂蛋白（＾１２５Ｉ）ｏｘ－ＬＤＬ的降解,结合,细胞表面受体复合物的内移以及细胞内脂质蓄积的程度,并利用放射自显影方法观察药物对细胞表面受体表达的影响,结果发现ＳＴＡ可以促进细胞结合（＾１２５Ｉ）ｏｘ－ＬＤＬ增加细胞表面     

genistein对沙眼衣原体感染细胞信号转导的影响

研究酪氨酸激酶抑制剂 genistein对IFN γ诱导沙眼衣原体感染细胞内信号转导的影响。以IFN γ作用于沙眼衣原体 (K血清型 )感染的McCoy细胞 ,用 genistein阻断IFN γ对沙眼衣原体感染细胞的作用。用台盼蓝染色法检测沙眼衣原体感染细胞存活率。用免疫印迹法检测蛋白酪氨酸激酶磷酸化及JAK1/STAT1活化的改变。结果显示 :genistein可拮抗IFN γ降低沙眼衣原体感染细胞存活率的作用 ,且具有剂量依赖效应。genistein可抑制IFN γ诱导的沙眼衣原体感染细胞蛋白酪氨酸激酶磷酸化及JAK1/STAT1活化 ,此作用且与genistein作用的剂量有关。     

清道夫受体-BI和ABCA1在细胞内胆固醇流出中的作用

清道夫受体-BI(SR—BI)和腺三磷结合盒转运体A1(ABCA1)在血浆脂蛋白的生成和代谢以及维持细胞内胆固醇平衡中起着重要的作用。清道夫受体-BI既介导细胞内游离胆固醇(FC)流出也介导细胞外FC流入。ABCA1促进细胞内FC和磷脂流出,也促进apoA—Ⅰ的酯化和新生HDL的生成。     

氧化低密度脂蛋白对THP-1巨噬细胞吞噬和分泌功能的影响

目的:探讨氧化低密度脂蛋白(oxidized low density lipoprotein,ox-LDL)对巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞吞噬功能和炎症相关因子分泌功能的影响。方法:利用佛波酯(phorbol ester,PMA)诱导THP-1细胞分化形成巨噬细胞,之后采用ox-LDL处理48小时后,诱导其形成泡沫细胞。利用中性红吞噬实验,分析泡沫细胞形成前后吞噬功能的变化;通过ELISA法,检测细胞培养上清中肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factorα,TNF-α)含量,观察ox-LDL对THP-1巨噬细胞功能的影响。结果:细胞形态学结果表明,我们成功利用ox-LDL诱导THP-1巨噬细胞形成泡沫细胞;进一步发现ox-LDL诱导THP-1巨噬细胞表面的清道夫受体CD36表达升高,并促进细胞吞噬功能增加,进一步促进细胞内胆固醇含量显著升高(P0.05);同时,ox-LDL能够刺激巨噬细胞大量分泌TNF-α(P0.05)。结论:ox-LDL通过增强清道夫受体CD36表达,提高巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,引起大量胆固醇聚集,产生细胞毒性损伤,并促进TNF-α炎性因子的大量分泌。     

蛋白激酶C抑制剂Staurosporine对A类清道夫受体胞浆域结构去除后功能的影响

A类清道夫受体（scavenger receptor,SR-A）是一种主要位于巨噬细胞膜表面的同源三聚体糖蛋白,能够结合和摄取多种配基并介导内移.在清道夫受体胞浆域有几个潜在的磷酸化位点,有关这些磷酸化位点与受体功能之间的确切关系目前尚所知甚少.为深入探讨A类清道夫受体胞浆域与磷酸化之间的关系,以及受体胞浆域磷酸化对受体功能的影响,实验以含有SR-A cDNA质粒为模板,采用PCR方法扩增不含胞浆域序列的清道夫受体,同时扩增全长清道夫受体作为对照.PCR产物经纯化酶切后,进一步亚克隆到PcDNA3.1/HisB中,测序结果表明,重组产物能够编码正确的氨基酸序列.重组产物经脂质体Lipofectamine(LF2000)介导转化入CHO细胞中,在含G418选择性培养液中培养筛选14天后,分离阳性克隆, 继续培养.采用流式细胞计数仪（FACS）鉴定转化筛选后细胞能否表达具有功能的清道夫受体.结果发现,转化的CHO细胞可以稳定表达SR-A的蛋白质,但受体胞浆域去除后,摄取配基的能力明显弱于全长组（1∶1.337）.用荧光DiI标记乙酰化低密度脂蛋白(DiI-AcLDL),37℃孵育转化细胞5 h后,激光共聚焦显微镜下观察到：全长受体转化组细胞荧光散在分布于细胞膜和细胞器,而去除胞浆域组荧光只局限于细胞膜,说明SR-A胞浆域可能起着介导受体内移的作用.进一步比较蛋白激酶C抑制剂星形孢菌素(staurosporine,STA）对两组细胞受体功能的影响,发现经STA处理后,全长组受体与配基的结合及摄取明显增高,而胞浆域去除后受体不受STA的调控.从而证明磷酸化药物可能是通过改变SR-A胞浆域磷酸化水平而发挥作用,受体胞浆域磷酸化可能决定着受体的内移,并参与调节受体的活性.     

抑癌基因PTEN及其在肿瘤中的突变失活

正常细胞和肿瘤细胞的蛋白质磷酸化及去磷酸化研究一直引人注目。研究表明,细胞内蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸化水平受蛋白质酪氨酸激酶和蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶动态调控。多种癌基因的表达产物具有蛋白质酪氨酸激酶活性并参与肿瘤形成进程,提示蛋白质磷酸酪氨酸磷酸酶可能抑制肿瘤形...     

受体激酶介导的油菜素内酯信号转导途径

油菜素内酯（brassinosteroids,BRs）是一类重要的类固醇激素,参与调控植物生长发育的许多过程。结合应用遗传学、生物化学以及蛋白质组学等研究手段现已基本阐明了BR信号转导的主要过程。BRI1作为受体在细胞表面感知BR,BRI1抑制子BKI1从质膜上解离下来,使BRI1与其共受体BAK1结合。BRI1和BAK1通过顺序磷酸化将BR信号完全激活。活化的BRI1将BSK磷酸化激活,BSK活化BSU1,BSU1将BIN2去磷酸化使其失活,解除BIN2对BES1/BZR1的抑制功能。PP2A可以将BES1/BZR1去磷酸化激活,又可以将受体BRI1去磷酸化促使其降解。BR信号的传递最终使去磷酸化状态的BES1/BZR1在细胞内累积,激活BR信号通路下游的转录调控。     

氧化低密度脂蛋白诱导巨噬细胞内质网应激及CD36的可能作用

本文旨在研究在鼠源巨噬细胞泡沫化过程中氧化低密度脂蛋白(oxidized low density lipoprotein,ox-LDL)对巨噬细胞内质网应激(endoplasmic reticulum stress,ERS)的诱导作用及其机制。体外培养RAW264.7巨噬细胞,分别给予ox-LDL(25、50和100mg/L)、抗CD36抗体+ox-LDL和衣霉素(tunicamycin,TM)等不同处理。采用油红O染色观察细胞内脂质蓄积情况,酶比色法测定细胞内总胆固醇含量,免疫细胞化学法检测ERS标志分子糖调节蛋白94(glucose-regulated protein94,GRP94)表达,免疫印迹法检测GRP94及未折叠蛋白反应关键分子p-IRE1(phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme1)和X盒结合蛋白1(X box binding protein1,XBP1)蛋白表达水平。结果显示,不同浓度(25、50和100mg/L)ox-LDL处理细胞24h后,胞浆内可见大量油红O染色阳性脂质颗粒,细胞内总胆固醇含量明显增加,分别为空白对照组的2.1倍、2.8倍和3.1倍;使用抗CD36抗体阻断ox-LDL的摄入,可显著减少100mg/Lox-LDL所致的细胞内胆固醇蓄积。不同浓度ox-LDL和ERS诱导剂TM均可显著增加GRP94及其上游信号分子p-IRE1和XBP1蛋白表达,且表达强度随着ox-LDL诱导浓度的增加而增强;抗CD36抗体显著抑制100mg/Lox-LDL所致的上述3种蛋白表达上调。上述结果提示,ox-LDL可呈剂量依赖性诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞产生ERS,激活未折叠蛋白反应信号通路;该过程可能由清道夫受体CD36所介导。     

清道夫受体A在机体防御系统中的作用

清道夫受体A(SR—A)是清道夫膜受体家族成员之一,主要存在于巨噬细胞,最初是作为脂蛋白受体被发现的,可以内吞修饰后的脂蛋白,促使动脉粥样硬化斑块形成。近年研究发现,SR—A还在介导巨噬细胞对内毒素内吞、清除及凋亡细胞的识别、吞噬等机体防御反应中起重要作用。     

内质网应激介导氧化低密度脂蛋白所诱导的巨噬细胞清道夫受体A1上调

本文旨在研究内质网应激(endoplasmic reticulum stress,ERS)是否介导氧化低密度脂蛋白(oxidized low density lipoprotein,ox-LDL)所诱导的巨噬细胞清道夫受体A1(scavenger receptor A1,SR-A1)上调。体外培养RAW264.7巨噬细胞,给予20mmol/L ERS抑制剂4-苯丁酸(4-phenylbutyric acid,PBA)处理30 min后,再加入ox-LDL(50 mg/L)继续培养12 h或2 mg/L ERS诱导剂衣霉素(tunicamycin,TM)或2μmol/L毒胡萝卜素(thapsigagin,TG)继续培养4 h。另外培养巨噬细胞分别给予0.5、1和2 mg/L TM处理4 h或给予2 mg/L TM处理1、2和4 h。采用试剂盒检测细胞内总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)含量;分别采用免疫印迹法和实时定量聚合酶链反应(real-time PCR)技术检测SR-A1和ERS标志分子糖调节蛋白78(glucose-regulated protein 78,GRP78)蛋白和mRNA表达变化;采用多功能酶标仪检测Dil-ox-LDL摄取情况。结果显示,PBA显著抑制ox-LDL所诱导的巨噬细胞内胆固醇蓄积。ox-LDL可显著上调SR-A1和GRP78表达,而PBA可明显抑制ox-LDL所诱导的SR-A1上调(P0.05),并使GRP78降低39.3%(P=0.057)。TM明显上调SR-A1蛋白表达,并促进巨噬细胞对ox-LDL的摄取,且呈浓度和时间依赖性,但对SR-A1转录水平没有明显影响,且ERS另一诱导剂TG也可明显上调SR-A1表达;而PBA则明显抑制TM和TG所诱导的上述变化。以上结果表明,ERS在ox-LDL所诱导的SR-A1上调中具有重要作用,进而促使巨噬细胞摄取更多的ox-LDL,导致泡沫细胞形成。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.