高压氧在放射性核素治疗大鼠种植癌后乏氧研究

目的：研究大鼠种植癌在高压氧（HBO）干预及放射治疗前后99mTc-HL91乏氧显像的变化,并探讨其与病理学改变之间的关系,为HBO联合放射性药物对恶性肿瘤治疗效果提供实验支持。方法：建立肿瘤株walker-256细胞大鼠皮下种植癌的动物模型,60只荷瘤大鼠随机分为四组：对照组,高压氧（HBO）组、胶体磷[^32P]酸铬和HBO＋胶体磷[^32P]酸铬组。尾静脉注射99mTc-HL9137MBq（0．1mL）,4h后利用SPECT显像,计算肿瘤组织与对侧相应部位放射性计数比值（T小T）,显像当日游标卡尺测量肿瘤最大长径（a）和最大垂直横径（b）,计算肿瘤体积以及治疗后不同时间的肿瘤生长率（f）。最后一次显像结束后处死全部模型大鼠,取肿瘤组织制成病理切片,观察各组大鼠肿瘤细胞的凋亡情况。比较实验各组T／NT与肿瘤生长率（f）以及凋亡的关系。结果：肿瘤99mTc-HL91显像良好,肿瘤部位与对侧相应部位具有较高的放射性计数比。治疗后大鼠肿瘤的乏氧区域及肿瘤体积均减少,以HBO＋胶体磷[^32P]酸铬组为著,T／NT与f呈正相关;大鼠肿瘤的细胞凋亡数明显高于对照组,以HBO＋胶体磷[^32P]酸铬组增加明显,治疗后T／NT与大鼠肿瘤细胞的凋亡数呈负相关。结论：HBO在放射性核素治疗大鼠种植癌中起到协同作用,通过99mTc—HL91乏氧显像观察HBO干预后胶体磷[^32P]酸铬治疗肿瘤效果,从而为二者联合在肿瘤治疗的应用提供依据。     

乳腺癌荷瘤鼠99mTc-DOTANOC显像与生长抑素受体表达水平的相关性研究

目的:探讨乳腺癌荷瘤鼠模型中肿瘤组织中的生长押素受体(SSTR)的表达水平与99mTc-DOTANOC显像的相关性研究.方法:配体交换法标记99mTc-DOTANOC,通过尾静脉注射乳腺癌荷瘤鼠模型,行99mTc-DOTANOC显像,勾画ROI计算肿瘤与对侧正常组织(T/NT)的放射性比值并测定肿瘤及主要脏器单位组织的放射性摄取百分值(%ID/g),采用逆转录聚合酶反应(RT-PCR)检测肿瘤组织中各SSTR亚型mRNA的表达水平,对SSTR亚型表达水平与T/NT放射性摄取比值进行相关性研究.结果:99mTc-DOTANOC乳腺癌荷瘤鼠模型显像示肿瘤部位有较高的放射性浓聚,与对侧正常组织T/NT比值较高,4h达到2.41±0.21;99mTc-DOTANOC荷瘤鼠体内生物分布示药物在肿瘤部位有较高的摄取;RT-PCR示乳腺癌组织中有着丰富的SSTR表达,SSTR3和SSTR2亚型表达水平较高,两者mRNA的表达水平与荷瘤鼠显像T/NT比值呈正相关(两者分别r=0.94,r=81,P<0.05).结论:乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-435 高表达SSTR2和SSTR3,其中SSTR3和SSTR2 mRNA表达水平与肿瘤组织对99mTc-DOTANOC的摄取呈正相关.第三代生长抑素类似物99mTc-DOTANOC受体显像对乳腺癌有较好的影像诊断价值.     

高压氧治疗对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用

本研究通过观察高压氧治疗对2型糖尿病Goto-Kakizaki(GK)大鼠肾脏组织结构、细胞凋亡和基质金属蛋白酶表达的影响,探讨高压氧对糖尿病肾脏的保护作用及机制。选用Wistar大鼠8只作为正常对照组(n=8),2型糖尿病GK大鼠24只,随机分为模型组(n=8)、二甲双胍对照组(MH组,n=8)、高压氧组(HBO组,n=8),正常对照组和模型组每天按5 mL/kg灌服纯净水;MH组每天按250 mg/kg二甲双胍混悬液灌胃;HBO组每天5 mL/kg灌服纯净水,并给予0.15 MPa压力纯氧,稳压30min。大鼠分别处理三周后测体重,尾部采血测空腹血糖,取肾脏并测肾质量。将肾脏制成石蜡切片并进行HE、PAS和Masson染色,用光学显微镜观察各组大鼠肾脏组织病理变化;用TUNEL法检测肾脏细胞凋亡并计算各组肾脏细胞凋亡指数;用免疫组化法对肾脏进行Caspase-3、MMP-2、TIMP-2标记,并测量阳性细胞积分光密度;ELISA方法检测各组大鼠血浆TGF-β1浓度。结果显示模型组大鼠肾小球体积增大,细胞外基质增生(系膜基质增宽、基底膜增厚),肾小管上皮细胞水肿,HBO组较模型组病变较轻;经高压氧治疗过的HBO组大鼠的肾脏细胞凋亡指数和Caspase-3表达均与正常对照组和MH组无显著性差异(P0.05),而较模型组有显著降低(P0.01)。MMP-2、TIMP-2在正常对照组表达最强,MH、模型组表达最弱,HBO组介于中间,差异具有显著性(P0.05)。HBO、MH、模型组血浆TGF-β1浓度较正常对照组都有升高趋势,但各组大鼠血浆TGF-β1浓度差异无统计学上的显著性(P0.05)。实验结果表明高压氧治疗可抑制糖尿病大鼠肾脏细胞的凋亡增加,调节MMP-2及其抑制剂的活性,减少细胞外基质的积聚,从而保护肾脏,有利于防治糖尿病肾病的发生和发展。     

99mTc标记BmK CT及其胶质瘤荷瘤裸鼠的SPECT成像研究

目的:通过放射性核素~(99m)Tc标记BmK CT多肽制备靶向胶质瘤的显像剂,探讨~(99m)?Tc-BmK CT用于胶质瘤显像的可行性。方法:采用BmK CT多肽游离的氨基与DTPA酸酐反应得到BmK CT-DTPA,经99m Tc标记后通过柱层析分离纯化制备~(99m)?Tc-BmK CT。测定标记物在PBS溶液和血清中不同时间点放射性化学纯度,评价BmK CT-~(99m)?Tc体外稳定性。新西兰白兔耳缘静脉注射~(99m)Tc-BmK CT进行SPECT显像,观察不同时间点体内的放射性分布。皮下胶质瘤裸鼠经尾静脉注射~(99m)Tc-BmK CT,观察不同时间点肿瘤的摄取情况;注射后4 h处死裸鼠,分离肿瘤和主要器官进行离体SPECT显像,并用勾画感兴趣区法分析相对放射性计数。结果:~(99m)Tc标记BmK CT多肽标记率大于80%,经柱层析分离纯化后放射性化学纯度大于99%。标记物在PBS和血清稳定性良好,6 h内放射性化学纯度均大于95%,12 h内放射性化学纯度大于90%。正常白兔SPECT显像表明~(99m)Tc-BmK CT主要浓聚在肝脏、脾脏和肾脏,软组织持续显影微弱,甲状腺区及胃肠未见核素浓聚;显像剂主要通过泌尿系统排泄,24 h肾脏与肝脏显影接近。胶质瘤裸鼠SPECT显像表明,注射后4 h肿瘤显像清楚,ROI分析结果显示肿瘤/肌肉比4.26±0.25,标记物在肿瘤内代谢缓慢,8 h肿瘤部位仍有较高摄取。结论:本研究成功制备了~(99m)Tc标记BmK CT多肽,标记物主要被肝、脾和肾摄取,经泌尿系统排泄;~(99m)Tc-BmK CT能够在皮下胶质瘤中浓聚,注射后4 h肿瘤显影清晰,瘤内代谢缓慢,有潜力成为一种新型胶质瘤分子探针。     

高压氧对脑缺血再灌注海马CA_1区神经元凋亡作用的研究

目的和方法 :应用TUNEL检测技术 ,对沙土鼠前脑缺血 2 0min后再灌注 3d模型 ,用HBO治疗连续 3d。观察HBO作用下海马CA1区神经元凋亡变化 ,研讨HBO对脑缺血再灌注损伤的疗效及其机理 ,为临床应用HBO治疗疾病提供理论依据。结果 :沙土鼠脑缺血再灌注 3d后海马CA1区大量神经元凋亡 ,HBO治疗组凋亡细胞数明显减少 (P <0 .0 1) ,并以 0 .2 5MPaHBO治疗组为佳。结论 :HBO治疗对海马神经元损伤有保护作用 ,减少神经元凋亡 ,为高压氧治疗缺血性损伤的疗效机理之一     

HBO治疗对急性CO中毒后海马不同分区神经细胞凋亡的作用研究

目的:通过研究高压氧(HBO)治疗急性CO中毒大鼠海马不同分区神经细胞凋亡情况,探讨HBO治疗急性CO中毒的应用及机理。方法:利用雄性SD大鼠,建立急性CO中毒模型。应用免疫组织化学以及免疫荧光的方法,测定在染毒和CO中毒HBO治疗后1 d、3 d、7 d、14 d和21d Bcl-2、caspase-3、Neu N、BAX和MMP-9的表达水平的变化。结果:海马CA3区神经细胞对急性CO中毒与HBO治疗比CA1和CA2区更加敏感;急性CO中毒后,海马各区神经细胞凋亡程度随1 d、3 d、7 d、14 d和21 d时间延长而加重;BAX、caspase-3和Bcl-2等凋亡相关因子的表达水平与MMP-9的变化趋势一致:在1d开始增多,3d达到最大值,7d开始减少,14 d与21 d与正常组类似;CO中毒大鼠进行HBO治疗后,海马各区MMP-9、BAX、caspase-3和Bcl-2的表达水平明显降低;且HBO治疗7 d后,海马各区这些凋亡相关因子的表达降低最为明显。结论:海马CA3区神经细胞对急性CO中毒及HBO治疗敏感;海马神经细胞凋亡可能与神经细胞表达MMP-9降解神经细胞周围的基质,表达BAX、caspase-3和Bcl-2等凋亡相关因子促进凋亡发生有关;HBO治疗可降低MMP-9以及BAX、caspase-3和Bcl-2等凋亡因子的表达,抑制神经细胞的凋亡;HBO治疗7d对神经细胞凋亡的抑制作用最明显。     

高压氧预处理对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及对其海马BDNF和GDNF基因表达的影响

目的:探讨高压氧预处理(Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning, HBO-PC)对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及对其海马脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF)、胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(glialcellline-derivedneurotrophicfactor,GDNF)基因表达的影响。方法:将32只SD雄性大鼠随机分为对照组(Sham组)、高压氧对照组(HBO组)、模型组(MCAO组)、高压氧预处理+模型组(HBO+MCAO组),对HBO组和HBO+MCAO组连续给予高压氧预处理5天,随后对MCAO组和HBO+MCAO组进行右侧颈内动脉栓线术,建立大脑中动脉闭塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO)模型,其他两组行假手术,于术后第7天对各组大鼠进行Morris水迷宫行为学检测和神经功能评分,检测结束后处死大鼠,进行神经功能缺损评分及氯化三苯基四氮唑(2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, TTC)染色;通过蛋白免疫印迹法(Western Blot)检测大鼠海马组织BDNF和GDNF的基因表达情况。结果:(1)神经功能评分提示:Sham组和HBO组均未出现神经功能障碍,MCAO组大鼠出现明显的神经功能障碍,MCAO+HBO组神经功能评分明显高于MCAO组(P0.05)。(2)TTC检测提示:Sham组和HBO组脑组织损伤一侧均未出现梗死灶,MCAO组出现较大的梗死面积比(25.45±8.75)%,MCAO+HBO组的梗死面积比(18.84±10.55)显著小于MCAO组,差异具有统计学意义(P 0.05)。(3)Western Blot检测显示:MCAO组BDNF与GDNF基因表达水平显著低于Sham组和HBO组,差异具有统计学意义(P 0.05),而MCAO+HBO组可以逆转这一效应,差异具有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论:高压氧预处理可以通过调节BDNF、GDNF基因表达,改善MCAO模型大鼠神经功能和认知水平,发挥神经保护作用。     

高压氧预处理对SPS暴露大鼠学习记忆能力以及海马神经元凋亡的影响

目的:研究高压氧(HBO)预处理对SPS暴露大学学习记忆能力及其大脑海马神经元细胞凋亡的影响.方法:48只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠(体重220-260 g)随机分为4组(n=12):对照(sham)组,高压氧(HBO)组,SPS组以及高压氧+SPS组.高压氧组每天1小时高压氧预处理(2.5个大气压,100%O2)连续5天;SPS组采用单次延长应激模型;高压氧+SPS组每天l小时高压氧预处理连续5天于最后一次预处理后24小时,制作SPS模型.4组大鼠于SPS暴露后72小时进行TUNEL染色,第15天经行水迷宫测试.结果:水迷宫实验中大鼠逃避潜伏期及游泳路径四组之间有明显统计差异[F0.01(3,28)=4.88＞4.57,P＜0.01;F0.01(3,28)=5.31＞4.57,P＜0.01].SPS组明显长于Sham组(P＜0.01),而高压氧预处理能够逆转这种效应(P＜0.01).游泳速度四组之间无明显统计差异[F0.05(3,28)=2.23＜2.95,P＞0.05]. SPS暴露后海马神经元细胞数量和密度明显减少,给予高压氧预处理后,神经元形态明显好转,但仍不及对照组.结论:高压氧预处理可以减少海马神经元细胞凋亡从而改善SPS暴露后大鼠认知功能障碍.     

高压氧对肾脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制研究

目的:观察高压氧(hyperbaric oxygen,HBO)对肾脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用并探讨其作用机制.方法:56只SD大鼠被随机分为三组,假手术组(n=8);I/R组(n=24),夹闭双肾动脉45分钟后恢复血流灌注;I/R+HBO组(n=24),夹闭双肾动脉45分钟并在恢复血流后1h、24 h、48 h行HBO治疗,每次HBO后采血并取双肾,比色法测定血浆尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)值,原位末端标记(TUNEL)法检测肾小管上皮细胞凋亡情况,实时定量PCR法检测促凋亡基因Bax的mRNA含量.结果:与sham组(BUN值为9.563± 1.384 mmol/L;Cr值为45.912±2.685 mmo1/L,TUNEL值为2.088％)比较,I/R组大鼠再灌注1小时尿素氮(12.5±1.487 mmol/L)和血肌酐水平(51.388±3.092 mmol/L)升高,但差异无统计学意义,而TUNEL阳性细胞数(9.775％)和Bax的mR-NA(3.219± 0.427)表达水平均显著升高(P＜0.05),再灌注24小时及48小时后尿素氮(28.087± 2.012 mmol/L、41.225± 1.397mmol/L)和血肌酐(241.75± 11.853 mmol/L、278.75± 12.578 mmol/L)水平、TUNEL阳性细胞数(12.512％、14.413％)和Bax的mRNA(5.541±0.227、6.407± 0.291)表达水平均显著升高(P＜0.05);而HBO治疗可显著降低再灌注24小时及48小时的大鼠尿素氮(14.15±1.397 mmol/L、25.962± 2.497 mmol/L)和血肌酐(146.375± 8.782 mmolL、210.125± 11.519 mmol/L)水平(P＜0.05),但仍显著高于假手术组(P＜0.05).结论:HBO治疗可以改善I/R后肾功能,其作用机制可能与在早期明显降低Bax的mRNA表达,减轻肾小管上皮细胞凋亡有关.     

大黄酸和迷迭香酸单用及配伍对慢性肾脏疾病的保护作用研究

目的:探讨大黄酸和迷迭香酸单用及配伍通过抗凋亡对5/6肾切除(5/6Nx)大鼠的保护作用。方法:采用5/6肾切除手术制作慢性肾损伤模型,将30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、大黄酸(150 mg/kg/day)治疗组、大黄酸(75mg/kg/day)+迷迭香酸(75 mg/kg/day)治疗组和迷迭香酸(150 mg/kg/day)治疗组。给药1个月后处死大鼠,测量各组大鼠血清肌酐(Scr)和尿素氮(BUN)水平,通过HE染色观察肾组织形态学变化,通过TUNEL染色和测量肾组织中Bax、Bcl-2和cleaved caspase 3的表达检测细胞凋亡。结果:与模型组相比,大黄酸和迷迭香酸单用及配伍都可显著降低血清肌酐和尿素氮(P0.05)水平,改变组织形态学的变化和抑制肾脏细胞凋亡,且配伍的效果优于单用。结论:大黄酸和迷迭香酸配伍发挥肾保护作用明显优于单用,其作用机制与抗凋亡作用相关。     

Synthesis and evaluation of a novel (99m)Tc-labeled bioreductive probe for tumor hypoxia imaging

Tumor hypoxia is closely associated with the malignant progression and/or the high metastatic ability of tumors and often induces resistance to chemo- and/or radiotherapy. Thus, the detection and evaluation of hypoxia is important for the optimization of cancer therapy. We designed a novel (99m)Tc-labeled probe for tumor hypoxia imaging that utilizes bioreductive reactions in hypoxic cells. This probe, which contains a 4-nitrobenzyl ester group, is reduced in hypoxic cells to produce a corresponding carboxylate anion that cannot penetrate cell membranes because of its hydrophilicity and negative charge; therefore, it is expected to be trapped inside hypoxic cells. Based on this unique strategy, we synthesized the Technetium-99m ((99m)Tc)-labeled probe (99m)Tc-SD32. The uptake of (99m)Tc-SD32 in tumor cells was investigated under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. (99m)Tc-SD32 showed sufficient accumulation and good retention in hypoxic cells. In addition, we demonstrated that (99m)Tc-SD32 was subjected to bioreduction in hypoxic cells and was trapped as the corresponding carboxylate anion. These results indicated that (99m)Tc-SD32 would be a promising agent for in vivo hypoxia imaging.     

Re-Evaluate the Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Cancer - A Preclinical Therapeutic Small Animal Model Study

Tumor hypoxia is a known driver of angiogenesis that also facilitates tumor growth. Moreover, poorly oxygenated central tumor area remains relatively radio or chemo resistant. HBO therapy is known to elevate the levels of dissolved oxygen and eliminates tumor hypoxia. It has been one of the modalities in cancer treatment; therefore its optimization is important. In this experimental study, no cancer enhancing effect was seen during the course of HBO therapy; however, post therapy there was an accelerated growth and progression of tumor. HBO treated mice lived shorter and the response to therapy was dose & tumor volume dependent. HBO therapy probably exert its effect on the cancer proliferating cells through multiple pathways such as increased DNA damage, apoptosis & geno-toxicity leading to slow cancer progression while post therapy tumorigenic effect could be due to impaired DNA repair mechanism, mutagenic effect & aneuploidy as well as altered blood supply & nutrients. Tumor growth reached plateau with time and this finding validated theoretical model predicting tumor reaching an asymptotic limit. While, marked asymmetry observed in tumor volume progression or cancer cell proliferation rate in each of the experimental C3H mouse suggested a need for an alternate small animal pre-clinical cancer therapeutic model.     

Hyperoxic Treatment Induces Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition in a Rat Adenocarcinoma Model

Tumor hypoxia is relevant for tumor growth, metabolism and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We report that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment induced mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) in a dimetyl-α-benzantracene induced mammary rat adenocarcinoma model, and the MET was associated with extensive coordinated gene expression changes and less aggressive tumors. One group of tumor bearing rats was exposed to HBO (2 bar, pO₂ = 2 bar, 4 exposures à 90 minutes), whereas the control group was housed under normal atmosphere (1 bar, pO₂ = 0.2 bar). Treatment effects were determined by assessment of tumor growth, tumor vascularisation, tumor cell proliferation, cell death, collagen fibrils and gene expression profile. Tumor growth was significantly reduced (∼16%) after HBO treatment compared to day 1 levels, whereas control tumors increased almost 100% in volume. Significant decreases in tumor cell proliferation, tumor blood vessels and collagen fibrils, together with an increase in cell death, are consistent with tumor growth reduction and tumor stroma influence after hyperoxic treatment. Gene expression profiling showed that HBO induced MET. In conclusion, hyperoxia induced MET with coordinated expression of gene modules involved in cell junctions and attachments together with a shift towards non-tumorigenic metabolism. This leads to more differentiated and less aggressive tumors, and indicates that oxygen per se might be an important factor in the “switches” of EMT and MET in vivo. HBO treatment also attenuated tumor growth and changed tumor stroma, by targeting the vascular system, having anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects.     

Synthesis and evaluation of a novel Tc-labeled bioreductive probe for tumor hypoxia imaging

Tumor hypoxia is closely associated with the malignant progression and/or the high metastatic ability of tumors and often induces resistance to chemo- and/or radiotherapy. Thus, the detection and evaluation of hypoxia is important for the optimization of cancer therapy. We designed a novel ^99mTc-labeled probe for tumor hypoxia imaging that utilizes bioreductive reactions in hypoxic cells. This probe, which contains a 4-nitrobenzyl ester group, is reduced in hypoxic cells to produce a corresponding carboxylate anion that cannot penetrate cell membranes because of its hydrophilicity and negative charge; therefore, it is expected to be trapped inside hypoxic cells. Based on this unique strategy, we synthesized the Technetium-99m (^99mTc)-labeled probe ^99mTc-SD32. The uptake of ^99mTc-SD32 in tumor cells was investigated under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. ^99mTc-SD32 showed sufficient accumulation and good retention in hypoxic cells. In addition, we demonstrated that ^99mTc-SD32 was subjected to bioreduction in hypoxic cells and was trapped as the corresponding carboxylate anion. These results indicated that ^99mTc-SD32 would be a promising agent for in vivo hypoxia imaging.     

Hyperbaric oxygenation reduces long-term brain injury and ameliorates behavioral function by suppression of apoptosis in a rat model of neonatal hypoxia–ischemia

Neonatal hypoxia–ischemia (HI) produces neurodegeneration and brain injury, and leads to behavioral and cognitive dysfunction. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment may potentially be neuroprotective in HI injury. The aim of this study was to examine any neuroprotection by HBO treatment on long-term neurological function in the rat model of neontatal HI. Seven-day-old rats were subjected to HI or sham surgery. HBO treatment was administered (2.5 ATA for 90 min) 1 h after hypoxia exposure. Sensorimotor (grip test and rota-rod) and cognitive tests (inhibitory avoidance and Morris water maze) were performed at postnatal day 28 to day 60. The extent of brain damage was determined by histological evaluation. Apoptosis, caspase-3 and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry 12, 24, and 48 h after HI. HI-treated animals had significantly worse sensorimotor and cognitive performances than those in the Sham group. HBO treatment led to significant improvements in neurobehavioral functions compared to the HI group, especially for cognitive performances. Morphological evaluation revealed a remarkable recovery of brain injury in the HBO group. Furthermore, the improvements in neurobehavioral impairments were correlated with the reduction in lesion size of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. The proportion of apoptotic cells significantly increased with time after HI, and HBO significantly inhibited apoptotic cell death. The proportion of caspase-3 positive cells and nuclear AIF translocation increased and peaked at 24 h after HI injury. HBO-treated rats showed decreased expression of these proteins compared to HI-treated animals. In conclusion, our results suggested that HBO treatment was effective in promoting long-term functional and histological recovery against neonatal HI brain injury. HBO-induced neuroprotection was associated with suppression of apoptosis by inhibiting caspase-3 and AIF-mediated pathways. Further studies evaluating its associated molecular and cellular mechanism are needed.     

Hyperbaric oxygen treatment attenuates cytokine induction after massive hemorrhage

We investigated the effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBO) on cytokine induction after hemorrhage, because hypoxia induces cytokines in vitro. Chronically cannulated conscious rats were subjected to 40 ml/kg of hemorrhage and resuscitated with the shed blood and twice the volume of saline either under room air (room air group) or under 100% oxygen at 3 atmospheres absolute (hyperbaric group). Rats exposed to HBO with no hemorrhage served as controls. Time course changes in plasma endotoxin level, arterial ketone body ratio (AKBR), serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and their hepatic mRNA were detected in the three groups. Plasma endotoxin levels increased significantly after hemorrhage, and there were no significant differences between the room air group and the hyperbaric group. In the room air group, AKBR dropped rapidly after hemorrhage and became minimal at hour 1, which was associated with significant increases in TNF-alpha and IL-6 at both mRNA and circulating levels. HBO significantly attenuated decreases in AKBR after hemorrhage with a significant reduction of mortality and cytokine induction. These results indicate that HBO attenuated the cytokine induction after hemorrhage by improving liver ischemia, and they suggest that tissue hypoxia may be responsible, at least in part, for cytokine induction after massive hemorrhage.     

Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on apoptosis in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia rat model.

We have previously demonstrated that a transient exposure to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) attenuated the neuronal injury after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. This study was undertaken to determine whether HBO offers this neuroprotection by reducing apoptosis in injured brain tissue. Seven-day-old rat pups were subjected to unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by 2 h of hypoxia (8% oxygen). Apoptotic cell death was examined in the injured cortex and hippocampus tissue. Caspase-3 expression and activity increased at 18 and 24 h after the hypoxia-ischemia insult. At 18-48 h, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage occurred, which reduced the band at 116 kDa and enhanced the band at 85 kDa. There was a time-dependent increase in the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells. A single HBO treatment (100% oxygen, 3 ATA for 1 h) 1 h after hypoxia reduced the enhanced caspase-3 expression and activity, attenuated the PARP cleavage, and decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells observed in the cortex and hippocampus. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of HBO is at least partially mediated by the reduction of apoptosis.     

高压氧联合化疗药物对结肠腺癌细胞 T 26 小C鼠移植瘤生长的影响

目的：探讨高压氧联合化疗药物对结肠腺癌细胞CT26小鼠移植瘤生长的影响。方法：建立小鼠结肠腺癌移植瘤模型,观察0．2MpaHBO及联合化疗药物5．FU或紫杉醇对荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长的影响,计算肿瘤抑制率;用流式细胞仪观察0．2MpaHBO对CT26细胞周期的影响。结果：动物实验结果显示：HBO组小鼠肿瘤体积抑制率为：22．39％,肿瘤质量抑制率为：25．77％;5-Fu组分别为：42.38％,43．61％;5-FU＋HBO组分别为：72．10％,71．47％;紫杉醇组分别为：26．31％,23．04％;紫杉醇＋HBO分别为：33．24％。30．96％,5-FU＋HBO组与5-FU组及HB0组相比较有显著性差异（p〈0．01）;紫杉醇＋HB0组与紫杉醇组及HBO组相比差异不明显。流式细胞仪检测结果显示：0,2MpaHBO诱导CT26细胞在S期积蓄（G0／G1期（55．89％）、S期（40．79％）、G2／M期（3-32％））。结论：0．2MpaHBO可抑制了CT26结肠腺癌小鼠移植瘤的生长。并能增强细胞周期特异性化疗药物的敏感性。     

The CD99 signal enhances Fas-mediated apoptosis in the human leukemic cell line, Jurkat

The CD99 antigen has been implicated in various cellular processes, including apoptosis in T cells. Previously, we reported two monoclonal antibodies that recognize different epitopes of the CD99 molecule, named DN16 and YG32. In this study, we investigated the role of each CD99 epitope in T cell apoptosis. Unlike the DN16 epitope, CD99 ligation via the YG32 epitope failed to induce T cell death. Surprisingly, however, the YG32 signal enhanced Fas-mediated apoptosis in Jurkat T cells. Augmentation of Fas-mediated apoptosis by YG32 ligation was inhibited by treatment with either of the caspase inhibitors z-VAD-fmk or z-IETD-fmk, and YG32 ligation appeared to induce Fas oligomerization. These results suggest that each CD99 epitope plays a distinct role in T cell biology, especially in T cell apoptosis.