聚叶钗子股-中国兰科新记录种及形态特征增补(英文稿)

报道了产自滇东南的中国兰科植物一新记录种--聚叶钗子股（Luisia appressifolia Averyanov）。研究发现,已往文献报道该种时,对其花部特征（如花颜色、萼片及花瓣形状、大小等）的描述仅依据腊叶标本,因标本严重失水导致描述信息不准或缺失。本文根据新鲜植株和花部材料对该种相关形态特征给予了补充。     

中国柿树科植物一新记录种——长柱柿(英文)

报道中国柿科(Ebenaceae)柿属植物一新记录种——长柱柿(Diospyros brandisiana Kurz),并描述了该新记录种的形态特征和生境分布。该种为该属中国分布的唯一具老茎生花的种类。凭证标本存放于中国科学院昆明植物研究所标本馆(KUN)。     

中国蜘蛛抱蛋属一新记录种——两色蜘蛛抱蛋

报道了中国蜘蛛抱蛋属一新记录种———两色蜘蛛抱蛋。该种原产于越南,在中国为首次记录。本文对该种的特征进行了详细描述,尤其是对该种的花果期和果实的特征进行了重新描述和补充。凭证标本存放于广西植物研究所标本馆(IBK)。     

中国玉凤花属(兰科)一新记录种——宽叶玉凤花（英文）

报道中国兰科植物(Orchidaceae)玉凤花属(Habenaria Willd.)一新记录种——宽叶玉凤花(H.lindleyana Steud.),并提供了该种的形态描述和野外照片。凭证标本存放于中国科学院广西植物研究所标本馆(IBK)。     

三岛球兰,中国夹竹桃科一新记录种

报道了中国夹竹桃科(Apocynaceae)球兰属(Hoya R.Br.)一新记录种:三岛球兰(H.tamdaoensis RoddaT.B.Tran)。该种产于广西那坡县,生于石灰岩常绿阔叶林中。对其形态学特征进行了描述,补充了该种发表时未曾描述的果实和种子特征,并提供图版以方便鉴别。凭证标本存放于广西药用植物园标本馆(GXMG)。     

波缘水蕹，中国水蕹科一新记录种

基于形态学和分子系统学研究报道了中国水蕹科(Aponogetonaceae)一新记录种:波缘水蕹(Aponogetonundulates Roxb.),该种与水蕹(A.lakhonensis)相似,但区别在于叶片边缘明显波状,基部多为楔形。结合相关资料和标本研究,对该种的形态特征进行了描述并提供了彩色照片。     

中国凤仙花属(凤仙花科)一新记录种——高大凤仙花

报道了中国凤仙花属一新记录种——高大凤仙花(Impatiens kerriae Craib)。该种原产于泰国,在中国为首次记录。该文对高大凤仙花的特征进行了详细描述,尤其是对花果特征及花果期进行了重新描述和补充。凭证标本存放于中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园标本馆(HITBC)。     

中国莎草属一新记录种——箱根莎草

该文报道了中国莎草属(Cyperus)一新记录种——箱根莎草(C. hakonensis Franch.Sav.),丰富了该种形态特征的中文描述并补充了该种的植物解剖图。该种的主要特征是小穗淡绿色,宽约2 mm。鳞片先端具外弯的短尖,中间具龙骨状突起,淡绿色,两侧边缘膜质透明,果实表面光滑。凭证标本存于山东药品食品职业学院标本馆(SDFH)中。     

中国树萝卜属(杜鹃花科)一新记录种——葡萄树萝卜（英文）

报道了采自云南省绿春县的杜鹃花科树萝卜属一中国新记录种,即葡萄树萝卜(Agapetes putaoensis Y. H. TongN. H. Xia)。葡萄树萝卜原记录产于缅甸东北部克钦邦葡萄地区。该研究对该种进行了描述,补充了该种发表时未曾描述的果实特征,并提供彩色图版以方便鉴别。凭证标本存放于中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园标本馆(HITBC)和中国医学科学院药用植物研究所云南分所标本馆(IMDY)。     

中国瓜馥木属(番荔枝科)一新记录种

报道了中国番荔枝科瓜馥木属(Annonaceae:Fissistigma)一新记录种——瘤果瓜馥木[F.thorelii(Pierre ex FinetGagnep.)Merr.]。该种在中国产于云南省红河县,凭证标本保存在西双版纳热带植物园标本馆(HITBC)。该种的主要特征是幼枝、花、果均被褐色粗短硬毛,且果实表面布满瘤状突起。     

Post‐anthesis changes in the labellum of Cypripedium macranthos var. rebunense (Orchidaceae) and a speculation on functional design of the labellum

In bumblebee‐pollinated Cypripedium macranthos var. rebunense, some plants have small labella that do not allow pollinating queens to enter, but they occasionally produce capsules for reasons that remain unclear. We found that after anthesis, the labellum gradually droops, and its width and length (but not height) distinctly increase, eventually producing an elongate and dorsoventrally compressed shape. The rate of increase in labellum size was significantly greater in flowers that initially had a smaller labellum, so that the post‐anthesis changes actually enabled large‐bodied bumblebees to enter those labella. Therefore, we conclude that C. macranthos var. rebunense relied on only bumblebee queens for pollination, irrespective of labellum size at the time of anthesis. Observations of in‐labellum bumblebee behavior suggested that the elongate and dorsoventrally compressed shape and the inclination seemed to result in more predictable and desirable bumblebee movements into the labellum.     

舞花姜花部维管束系统的解剖学研究

对舞花姜(Globba racemosa)花部维管束系统进行解剖学观察分析,以探讨其缺失雄蕊的去向及其唇瓣和腺体结构的属性.结果显示:(1)舞花姜花梗部的维管束分散排列在基本组织内.(2)子房基部的维管束排成2部分,中央区为分散排列的小维管束,外方为一轮大维管束环,且外环维管束发育为子房壁维管束,心皮背束和隔膜束均起源于中心区维管束,二者的分支在延长部形成一个维管束网结;在网结之上,近轴面的两束心皮背束分支分别进入到2枚侧生退化雄蕊中并成为其主束,远轴面心皮背束的内方分支则成为唇瓣中束,三束心皮背束的其余分支均上行入萼片.(3)唯一1枚功能雄蕊接受近轴面隔膜束的内方主支作为其主束,远轴面2枚隔膜束的主支最后进入唇瓣的两侧束,三束隔膜束的外分支均发育为花瓣束.研究认为:舞花姜的唇瓣是一个三重结构,其中央维管束代表1枚外轮雄蕊,两侧维管束则分别代表2枚内轮雄蕊;舞花姜的2枚花瓣状退化雄蕊与唇瓣的中央一起构成外轮雄蕊,唯一1枚可育雄蕊和唇瓣的两侧同属内轮雄蕊.本研究结果支持姜科子房延长部形成的腺体属于子房上部心皮边缘的维管化附属物的观点.     

Floral vasculature in Alpinia hainanensis in relation to the nature of the labellum in gingers

Observations presented here on floral vasculature in Alpinia hainanensis indicate that the labellum incorporates elements of five androecial members rather than two or three, as suggested by previous authors for Zngiberaceae flowers. The pedicel contains an outer ring and a central region of vascular bundles. Three carpellary dorsal bundles (CDs) and three alternatively arranged parietal bundles (PBs) separate from the central region successively. The remaining bundles of the central region run upwards and become the placental bundles to supply ovules. The placental bundles terminate between the top of the locular region and the base of the prolongation. The three PBs divides into about five strands respectively. Of which the outer strand enters into the petal being its midrib and the remaining strands move into the stamen adaxially being the vasculature of the functional stamen and the labellum abaxially being the lateral strands of the labellum. The three CDs divide into about five traces, of which the outer strand becomes the midrib of each sepal and the inner strand runs into the style. The remaining traces re‐unite, re‐divide again in the course up and the two adaxial sets of carpellary dorsals finally enter into the labellum being the marginal traces of it while the abaxial single strand enters into the labellum being its midrib. The two antero‐lateral glands receive small traces without lignified tube elements from the vascular plexus, which fonn in prolongation from both PBs and CDs and a few small strands in the ovary wall. There are no subulate appendages differentiated in the flower of Alpinia hainanensis. Hereby, the median of the sepals, both the marginal portions and the median of labellum, and the style have the same origin in vasculature from the CDs and so do the stamen, the lateral portions of labellum and the median of the petals from PBs. The labellum is supposed to represent three members of the outer androecial whorl by its two marginal portions and the median and two members of the inner whorl by its two lateral parts except the median.     

Functional Significance of Labellum Pattern Variation in a Sexually Deceptive Orchid (Ophrys heldreichii): Evidence of Individual Signature Learning Effects

Mimicking female insects to attract male pollinators is an important strategy in sexually deceptive orchids of the genus Ophrys, and some species possess flowers with conspicuous labellum patterns. The function of the variation of the patterns remains unresolved, with suggestions that these enhance pollinator communication. We investigated the possible function of the labellum pattern in Ophrys heldreichii, an orchid species in which the conspicuous and complex labellum pattern contrasts with a dark background. The orchid is pollinated exclusively by males of the solitary bee, Eucera berlandi. Comparisons of labellum patterns revealed that patterns within inflorescences are more similar than those of other conspecific plants. Field observations showed that the males approach at a great speed and directly land on flowers, but after an unsuccessful copulation attempt, bees hover close and visually scan the labellum pattern for up to a minute. Learning experiments conducted with honeybees as an accessible model of bee vision demonstrated that labellum patterns of different plants can be reliably learnt; in contrast, patterns of flowers from the same inflorescence could not be discriminated. These results support the hypothesis that variable labellum patterns in O. heldreichii are involved in flower-pollinator communication which would likely help these plants to avoid geitonogamy.     

Comparative structure of the labellum in Ophrys fusca and O. lutea (Orchidaceae)

The morphology and anatomy of the labellar epidermal cells and the way in which they are arranged are described in an attempt to locate and characterize the osmophore in Ophrys fusca and O. lutea. The micromorphology of the labellum of these two species is similar. Four types of epidermal cells are present on the adaxial surface of the labellum. Long unicellular trichomes with straight tips cover the basal region of the labellum, whereas short unicellular trichomes with polygonal flattened bases form the reflective median speculum. The apical region of the labellum possesses a villous indumentum of long acuminate trichomes with bent or sinuate tips. Large smooth-walled, dome-shaped papillae occur on the margins and on the distal region of the abaxial surface of the labellum. These remarkable papillae have high polarity; the protoplasm at the apex of each cell contains several small vacuoles, while a prominent nucleus surrounded by numerous hypertrophied amyloplasts occurs at the opposite end of the cell. Positive reactions to Vogel's staining test and to Sudan black B enabled us to conclude that the osmophores of both species are composed of these peculiar secretory epidermal cells and by two or three subsecretory layers of parenchyma cells.     

Visual discrimination between two sexually deceptive <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ophrys</Emphasis> species by a bee pollinator

Almost all species of the orchid genus Ophrys are pollinated by sexual deception. The orchids mimic the sex pheromone of receptive female insects, mainly hymenopterans, in order to attract males seeking to copulate. Most Ophrys species have achromatic flowers, but some exhibit a coloured perianth and a bright, conspicuous labellum pattern. We recently showed that the pink perianth of Ophrys heldreichii flowers increases detectability by its pollinator, males of the long-horned bee Eucera berlandi. Here we tested the hypothesis that the bright, complex labellum pattern mimics the female of the pollinator to increase attractiveness toward males. In a dual-choice test we offered E. berlandi males an O. heldreichii flower and a flower from O. dictynnae, which also exhibits a pinkish perianth but no conspicuous labellum pattern. Both flowers were housed in UV-transmitting acrylic glass boxes to exclude olfactory signals. Males significantly preferred O. heldreichii to O. dictynnae flowers. In a second experiment, we replaced the perianth of both flowers with identical artificial perianths made from pink card, so that only the labellum differed between the two flower stimuli. Males then chose between both stimuli at random, suggesting that the presence of a labellum pattern does not affect their choice. Spectral measurements revealed higher colour contrast with the background of the perianth of O. heldreichii compared to O. dictynnae, but no difference in green receptor-specific contrast or brightness. Our results show that male choice is guided by the chromatic contrast of the perianth during the initial flower approach but is not affected by the presence of a labellum pattern. Instead, we hypothesise that the labellum pattern is involved in aversive learning during post-copulatory behaviour and used by the orchid as a strategy to increase outcrossing.     

Floral vasculature and ontogeny in Canna indica

The identity of the labellum is a hot point in Zingiberales, which has long been discussed by many authors. In this study, floral vasculature and ontogeny of Canna indica (Cannaceae) was observed by LM and SEM in order to ascertain the identity of the labellum and the functional stamen of this species and provide evidence for the homologies of the floral organs in Zingiberales. The results indicate that the labellum of C. indica have incorporated two androecial members from both outer and inner whorls, rather than three, one or half member, as previously suggested by morphologists of Cannaceae flowers. The two labellum traces are here interpreted as: one from the outer androecial whorl (diverging from the carpellary dorsal bundle), while the other from the inner androecial whorl (diverging from the parietal bundle). The functional stamen also incorporates two androecial bundles, the same as the labellum: one trace from the carpellary dorsal bundle, and the other (the petaloid appendage) from the parietal bundle. In addition, the origin of the vascular system in the androecium of Zingiberales and its systematic significance are discussed.     

The questionable affinities of Corsia (Corsiaceae): evidence from floral anatomy and pollen morphology

The floral anatomy and pollen morphology of Corsia are described in the context of its systematic relationships. Flowers of Corsia are epigynous, lack septal nectaries and possess a large labellum formed from the outer median tepal (sepal). The labellum is highly vascularized and has a prominent outgrowth (callus) that is apparently nectiiferous in some species of section Sessilis , although not in section Unguiculatis . The six fertile stamens are proximally fused to the style, forming a gynostemium. This combination of labellum and gynostemium is otherwise found only in Orchidaceae (Asparagales), but the orchid labellum is formed from the opposite median inner tepal, and is therefore not homologous with that of Corsia . The three genera of Corsiaceae ( Corsia , Arachnitis and Corsiopsis ) are markedly different in some respects; e.g. only Corsia has a gynostemium. However, they share a unique synapomorphy in the presence of a labellum formed from the outer median tepal (sepal). Corsia and Arachnitis are also similar in pollen sexine sculpturing. Among other putative relatives, the range of morphological similarities between Corsia and Campynemataceae (Liliales) tends to support recent preliminary inferences from molecular data that they are closely related, but a relationship with Thismia (Dioscoreales) cannot be discounted. Both Campynemataceae and Thismia share similarities with Corsia , including epigyny, absence of septal nectaries, presence of tepal nectaries, and pollen morphology. © 2002 Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2002, 138 , 315–324.