紫花含笑(♀)、灰岩含笑(♂)及其杂种F1代花粉萌发试验研究

对紫花含笑(Michelia crassipes)、灰岩含笑(M.calcicola)及其杂种F1代花粉生活力进行了研究,为基于紫花含笑和灰岩含笑杂种F1代的含笑属观赏植物新品种培育与种质创新提供科学数据及研究资料.研究发现,亲本(紫花含笑和灰岩含笑)新鲜花粉萌发率均可达90％以上,杂种F1代花粉萌发率从38％到79％...     

紫花含笑（♀）与灰岩含笑（♂）及其杂种F1代叶表皮微形态和叶结构的比较观察

通过比较观察紫花含笑（♀）和灰岩含笑（♂）及其杂种F1代叶表皮微形态和叶结构发现,紫花含笑和灰岩含笑在叶表皮微形态及叶解剖结构方面有很大差异。杂种F1代个体间在叶表皮微形态及叶解剖结构方面变异很大,为连续的数量遗传;其中57．7％以上的杂种F1代气孔密度高于父母本。杂种F1代矮化型植株叶片气孔密度较小,推测其抗寒性较强,可以通过进一步杂交改良,获得矮化型的盆栽含笑新品种。观察结果可为深入探讨含笑属种间杂种F1代的遗传变异,并从这些杂种F1代中选育观赏新品种积累科学资料。     

云南含笑花粉萌发研究

应用离体培养和人工授粉的方法对云南含笑花粉的萌发进行了研究。栽培和野生云南含笑花粉的萌发率有很大的差异,分别为20％和90％。首次报道了云南含笑的花粉粒在离体培养基上萌发2条花粉管的现象。云南含笑花粉在灰岩含笑花柱头上的萌发率和萌发时间与离体培养基上的相同,表明灰岩含笑的柱头对云南含笑的花粉没有排异现象。     

温度、蔗糖和硼酸对含笑花粉离体萌发的影响

以含笑(Michelia figo)花粉为试验材料,采用花粉人工培养法研究了含笑花粉离体萌发的最适条件。结果表明:蔗糖、硼酸在一定浓度范围内能促进花粉萌发,含笑花粉萌发的最适蔗糖和硼酸分别为50 mg.L-1和5mg.L-1,萌发率分别为21.51%和44.14%;花粉最佳萌发温度为25℃,萌发率达53.33%。正交试验设计结果表明,花粉萌发的最佳组合为70 mg.L-1蔗糖+5 mg.L-1硼酸+28℃,萌发率可达65.33%。     

GA3对含笑花粉萌发及花粉管生长的影响

以含笑(Michelia figo)花粉为试材,采用花粉离体培养法,研究GA3对含笑花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响。结果表明,GA3可以促进含笑花粉提早萌发,20～200 mg/L GA3对含笑花粉萌发和花粉管生长起促进作用,浓度超过200 mg/L花粉萌发和花粉管生长均受到抑制。以GA3200 mg/L的促进作用最好。     

GA_3对含笑花粉萌发及花粉管生长的影响

以含笑（Michelia figo）花粉为试材,采用花粉离体培养法,研究GA3对含笑花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响。结果表明,GA3可以促进含笑花粉提早萌发,20～200 mg/L GA3对含笑花粉萌发和花粉管生长起促进作用,浓度超过200 mg/L花粉萌发和花粉管生长均受到抑制。以GA3200 mg/L的促进作用最好。     

紫花含笑(♀)与灰岩含笑(♂)及其杂种F1代叶表皮微形态和叶结构的比较观察

通过比较观察紫花含笑(♀)和灰岩含笑(♂)及其杂种F₁代叶表皮微形态和叶结构发现,紫花含笑和灰岩含笑在叶表皮微形态及叶解剖结构方面有很大差异。杂种F₁代个体间在叶表皮微形态及叶解剖结构方面变异很大,为连续的数量遗传;其中57.7%以上的杂种F₁代气孔密度高于父母本。杂种F₁代矮化型植株叶片气孔密度较小,推测其抗寒性较强,可以通过进一步杂交改良,获得矮化型的盆栽含笑新品种。观察结果可为深入探讨含笑属种间杂种F₁代的遗传变异,并从这些杂种F₁代中选育观赏新品种积累科学资料。     

桔梗花粉萌发与花粉管生长研究

以2年生桔梗植株为材料,采用液体培养法研究了培养基种类、PEG、蔗糖、pH以及培养温度、培养时间对桔梗花粉离体萌发生长的影响,结果表明:(1)浓度为100~150 g.L-1的PEG可显著促进桔梗花粉萌发和花粉管的生长;200~250 g.L-1PEG显著促进花粉萌发,但对花粉管生长的作用不显著。(2)100 g.L-1的蔗糖有利于花粉萌发和花粉管生长,高浓度蔗糖(200 g.L-1)有明显抑制作用;(3)桔梗花粉离体萌发和花粉管生长的适宜培养基为ME3+BK+10%蔗糖+150 g.L-1PEG(pH5.8);(4)25~40℃条件下桔梗花粉均可较好萌发,以30℃培养1.5 h为最佳培养条件。     

楸树等4种梓属树种花粉离体培养条件的研究

为筛选出楸树(Catalpa bungei C. A. Mey. )等4个树种花粉离体培养的适宜条件,以花粉萌发率和花粉管长度为指标,研究了培养时间、培养温度、液体培养基pH值、蔗糖浓度和PEG-4000浓度对2个楸树花粉样品(CB-1和CB-2)及滇楸[C. fargesii Bur. f. duclouxii (Dode) Gilmour]、黄金树[C. speciosa (Warder ex Barney)Engelmann]和梓树(C. ovata G. Don)花粉离体萌发的影响.实验结果显示,不同培养时间对楸树的花粉萌发率和花粉管长度均有极显著影响,培养至6 h时花粉萌发率最高(91.0%),培养至6～7 h时花粉管长度达到最长,最适培养时间为6 h.培养温度、液体培养基pH值、蔗糖浓度和PEG-4000浓度对4个树种花粉萌发率和花粉管长度均有明显影响.在19 ℃～36 ℃范围内,较低或较高的培养温度均对花粉萌发有一定的抑制作用,适宜各树种花粉离体萌发的培养温度为24 ℃～28 ℃;供试的4个树种花粉适宜在弱酸性环境下萌发和生长,适宜的液体培养基pH值为5.0～5.6;在蔗糖浓度为15～25 g·L-1的液体培养基中,花粉萌发率及花粉管长度均达到最大值;液体培养基中添加不同浓度PEG-4000,在较短的培养时间(3 h)内明显抑制花粉萌发和花粉管生长,但培养时间延长至6 h,添加5～25 g·L-1 PEG-4000对花粉萌发有一定促进作用,适宜的PEG-4000浓度为20 g·L-1.结果表明,不同树种甚至同一树种不同种源适宜的花粉离体培养条件有一定的差异,应根据种类或种源进行适当的调整.     

不同培养条件对黄连木花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响

以黄连木花粉为试材,采用离体培养法研究了培养基组分和植物生长调节物质对黄连木花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响.结果表明:花粉萌发和花粉管生长的适宜蔗糖浓度为15%,适宜培养温度为25℃;该培养条件下,花粉萌发率和花粉管长度分别达最大值63.3%和412.1 μm.硼酸、赤霉素(GA3)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)在一定浓度范围内,可以促进黄连木花粉萌发和花粉管生长,浓度过高时起抑制作用;最适宜黄连木花粉萌发和花粉管生长的硼酸浓度、赤霉素(GA3)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)浓度分别为100、50和15 mg/L.     

山玉兰花粉离体萌发和花粉管生长特性的研究

山玉兰(Magnolia delavayi)是木兰科木兰属的常绿乔木或大型灌木,是重要的园林造景、庭院绿化素材,也是重要的育种资源。山玉兰花粉的研究对其杂交育种的成败具有重要影响,但目前尚未见其花粉活力的相关报道。该研究以新鲜的山玉兰花粉为对象,采用悬滴培养法分析了温度、光照以及培养液的蔗糖和硼酸浓度对山玉兰花粉萌发的影响。结果表明:(1)山玉兰花粉萌发时,最适宜的温度为27℃。(2)光暗条件下,山玉兰花粉以浓度为5%的蔗糖培养效果最佳,其萌发率在16%以上;而硼酸浓度则以0.001%的培养效果最佳。(3)蔗糖与硼酸共同作用可有效促进花粉萌发和花粉管生长。其中,在光照条件下,以5.0%蔗糖+0.001%硼酸为最适宜的培养液,花粉萌发率达41.27%,花粉管长达281.49μm;而在黑暗条件下,则以5.0%蔗糖+0.01%硼酸为最适宜的培养液,花粉萌发率达45.71%,花粉管长达254.00μm。该研究结果为进一步开展人工辅助授粉、发掘山玉兰的种质资源工作奠定了基础。     

Isolation and Purification of Viable Sperm Cells from Stored Bicellular Pollen of Lilium davidii Duch.

A successful mass isolation of viable sperm cells from stored bicellular pollen of Lilium davidii Duch. was reported. When fresh pollen was cultured in BKS 15 medium, 87 % germinated in which the generative cells of the fresh pollen underwent mitosis and formed sperm cells within 28 hours. For pollen stored at -20℃ and -70℃ for 6 months, only less than 20 % germinated; but the germination percentage rose to 80 % after they have been hydrated and gradually warmed. Pollen grains of L. davidii which have been stored at -70 ℃ for 6 months, after being thawed were firstly germinated in a 15% sucrose medium for 28 hours, and then osmotically shocked with 10 % sucrose Solution. The solution was later adjusted to a final sucrose concentration of 15%. After density gradient centrifugation, 4 mL suspension of purified sperm cells with a density of 6 × 106 cells/mL were obtained at the interphase of 5%—15% percoll, with a 12% yield of viable sperm cells. The purified sperm cells had a diameter of 13—15 μm and reacted positive to fluorochrome, indicating that they have intact plasma membrane.     

小果短柱茶花粉离体培养系统的研究

山茶的短柱茶组是优良种质资源,有必要对小果短柱茶(Camellia confusa Chang 1941)的花粉萌发和花粉管生长的生理特性进行研究.本文研究了花粉生活力、培养温度及pH对小果短柱茶花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响.结果表明:最适离体萌发培养基为5%蔗糖、0.003%的硼酸,0.005%的氯化钙和12%的PEG...     

马占相思花粉离体萌发研究

马占相思(Acacia mangium)是含羞草科(Mimosaceae)金合欢属(Acacia Mill.)树种,在我国的广东、广西、福建以及海南等省(区)大面积种植推广。马占相思用途广泛,其杂交育种工作近年来逐渐受到重视,马占相思花粉研究对其杂交育种成败具有重要影响。该研究以新鲜的马占相思花粉为供试材料,开展不同蔗糖浓度(50、100、150、200、250和300 g·L~(-1))、不同硼酸浓度(100、200和300 mg·L~(-1))以及不同培养温度(26、28和30℃)对马占相思花粉离体萌发影响的研究,同时使用筛选出的马占相思花粉离体萌发的最佳处理,开展对另外3株与初试的马占相思生长发育状况接近的马占相思的花粉活力检测研究,并观察记录马占相思花粉离体萌发特征。结果表明:将刚开放的马占相思花序采回室内阴干,于次日10:00后,用毛笔刷法成功收集大量马占相思花粉,经显微镜观察检测,花粉纯度较高,可以保证后续研究备用;马占相思花粉离体萌发的最佳处理为200 g·L~(-1)蔗糖、100 mg·L~(-1)硼酸、28℃培养温度;马占相思花粉在培养24 h之后,花粉萌发率最高(为94.28%),花粉管最长(为6.0 D);检测3株马占相思的花粉萌发率分别为90.11%、82.31%、85.67%,具有显著差异。该研究结果为今后进一步开展人工控制授粉、选育优良的相思杂交新品种提供了基础。     

东方百合花粉萌发培养基组分的优化

以东方百合6个品种的花粉作实验材料,选用22个培养基配方,在研究硼酸和蔗糖浓度对花粉萌发和花粉管伸长影响的基础上,对东方百合花粉培养基配方进行了优化。研究结果表明东方百合离体花粉萌发培养基的最佳组成是:蔗糖13%,硼酸143mg·kg^-1,琼脂1%。     

Fast pollen tube growth in Conospermum species

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: An unusual form of pollen tube growth was observed for several Conospermum species (family Proteaceae). The rate of pollen tube growth, the number of tubes to emerge and the ultrastructure of these tubes are given here. METHODS: Pollen was germinated in vitro in different sucrose concentrations and in the presence of calcium channel blockers, and tube emergence and growth were recorded on a VCR. Measurements were taken of the number of tubes to emerge and rate of tube emergence. Pollen behaviour in vivo was also observed. The ultrastructure of germinated and ungerminated pollen was observed using TEM. RESULTS: After 10 s to 3 min in germination medium, up to three pollen tubes emerged and grew at rates of up to 55 micro m s(-1); the rate then slowed to around 2 micro m s(-1), 30 s after the initial growth spurt. Tubes were observed to grow in pulses, and the pulsed growth continued in the presence of calcium channel blockers. Optimal sugar concentration for pollen germination was 300 g L(-1), in which up to 81 % of pollen grains showed fast germination. Germination and emergence of multiple tubes were observed in sucrose concentrations of 100-800 g L(-1). The vegetative and generative nuclei moved into one of the tubes. Multiple tubes from a single grain were observed on the stigma. Under light microscopy, the cytoplasm in the tube showed a clear region at the tip. The ultrastructure of C. amoenum pollen showed a bilayered exine, with the intine being very thick at the pores, and elsewhere having large intrusions into the plasma membrane. The cytoplasm was dense with vesicles packed with inner tube cell wall material. Golgi apparatus producing secretory vesicles, and mitochondria were found throughout the tube. The tube wall was bilayered; both layers being fibrous and loosely packed. CONCLUSIONS: It is proposed that, for Conospermum, initial pollen tube wall constituents are manufactured and stored prior to pollen germination, and that tube extension occurs as described in the literature for other species, but at an exceptionally fast rate.     

培养基组分及培养条件对蜡梅花粉萌发及花粉管生长的影响

采用液体培养法研究不同培养基组分和培养条件对蜡梅花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响。结果表明:(1)PEG-4000是蜡梅花粉离体培养所必需的培养基成分,当培养基中无PEG-4000时,花粉不能正常萌发。(2)培养基内低浓度蔗糖对花粉萌发和花粉管的生长无显著影响,但随着蔗糖浓度的升高,则对花粉萌发和花粉管生长表现出强烈的抑制作用,且浓度越高,抑制效应越强。(3)培养基内其它组分分别在一定浓度范围(0～250g/L PEG-4000、0～50mg/L硼酸、0～30mg/L硝酸钙)内对花粉萌发及花粉管生长有促进作用,但超过上述高限值时则起抑制作用。(4)培养基内镁和钾的浓度对花粉萌发及花粉管生长影响不显著。研究表明,蜡梅最适花粉液体培养基组分为250g/L PEG-4000+50mg/L H3BO3+30mg/L Ca(NO3)2.4H2O,且在pH 5.5、温度15℃和600lx的光照培养条件下蜡梅花粉萌发和花粉管生长最佳。     

Identification of a pollen-specific sucrose transporter-like protein NtSUT3 from tobacco.

Pollen cells are symplasmically isolated during maturation and germination. Pollen therefore needs to take up nutrients via membrane carriers. Physiological measurements on pollen indicate sucrose transport in the pollen tube. A cDNA encoding a pollen-specific sucrose transporter-like protein NtSUT3 was isolated from a tobacco pollen cDNA library. NtSUT3 expression is detected only in pollen and is restricted to late pollen development, pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Altogether these data indicate that pollen is supplied not only with glucose, but also with sucrose through a specific sucrose transporter. The respective contribution of each transport pathway may change during pollen tube growth.     

Tomato pollen tube development and carbohydrate fluctuations in the autotrophic phase of growth

Ripe pollen has different soluble and insoluble carbohydrates in variable amounts. Pollen germination and pollen tube growth were studied in a tomato cultivar (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Platense) with atypical pollen among tomatoes due to its very low amount or absence of sucrose. In vitro assays were performed using a culture medium without carbohydrates to explore whether there is an autotrophic phase of pollen tube growth, and if there is, describe it, and to analyze the fluctuations of endogenous carbohydrates (soluble carbohydrates, starch, pectins, and callose). Pollen germination was fast (ca. 10 min) and a definite autotrophic phase was observed. Soluble carbohydrates and pectins showed the most substantial changes during this period, even after 10 min. A small amount of callose was observed in the ripe pollen and pollen tubes. Pectins were the most abundant pollen tube wall component. Pollen can be considered starchless; starch was not involved in the autotrophic phase of growth. Other types of substances must be connected with the carbohydrate metabolism, because the fluctuations of the different substances did not follow balanced stoichiometric relationships. Pollen germination and pollen tube elongation was sustained autotrophically, even though sucrose was absent and starch was negligible in pollen grains. The type of pollen reserves and the fast pollen tube formation could be selective advantages in this cultivar.